Pepe

How a stoner frog from a small-press comic became the most contested drawing on the internet, from Matt Furie's Boy's Club and the Paper Rad art scene, through 4chan, the 2016 election and the ADL listing, to Hong Kong's protest walls, the blockchain, and one artist's long attempt to take his character back.

A chronological documentary of 302 moments spanning 2005–2025 on Loreline.

Curated by Olivier · last updated 2026-08-22

Eras

  1. - The full "Feels Good Man" comic page. The complete page from Matt Furie's Boy's Club in which Pepe pulls his pants down to his ankles to urinate and answers "Feels good man". Furie has said he first posted the Boy's Club comics to his MySpace blog in late 2005; the page was scanned to 4chan's /b/ in early 2008. Furie has explained the gag came from a cousin who did the same thing as a child.
  2. - Matt Furie's Boy's Club. Artwork from Boy's Club, the comic series Matt Furie created in 2005 starring the teenage monster characters Pepe, Brett, Andy and Landwolf. Everything that follows in this archive comes out of these pages.
  3. - Pepe as Furie drew him. Pepe the Frog as he appears in Matt Furie's own work, one of four roommate monsters in Boy's Club, a strip Furie first posted to his MySpace blog before it went to print.
  4. - The Boy's Club cast. A Boy's Club illustration from the record's Origin section. Furie's strip put its four monster characters in everyday situations built around bodily functions and 1990s catchphrases.
  5. - Slowpoke says "feels good man". A Feels Good Man exploitable built on the Pokémon character Slowpoke. From 2008, users photoshopped Pepe's face from the comic's final frame onto other characters, with Pokémon among the most common hosts.
  6. - John Goodman, "eels good man". The John Goodman pun version of the catchphrase. Matt Furie named these his favourite iteration, recalling a page of them a friend sent him: "another had John Goodman and said 'eels good man.' That was my favorite one I think."
  7. - Matt Furie profiled on XLR8R TV. The music and culture magazine XLR8R gave an episode of its video series to the cartoonist Matt Furie, years before Pepe the Frog became an internet fixture. The segment is staged as a comic mini-narrative about Furie losing and recovering his ability to draw. It is one of the earliest moving-image records of him as a working underground artist.
  8. - Neon Knome, Ben Jones's Adult Swim pilot. An unaired pilot made for Adult Swim in 2008 by Ben Jones of Paper Rad, later reworked into The Problem Solverz. Jones is the artist Furie has named directly: asked about Pepe's origins he pointed to Paper Rad, to a Jones character called Alfe, and said that Pepe even looks like Horace from those comics. This is that drawing style moving, a year before Boy's Club reached print.
  9. - The "Feels good man" panel. The panel that made Pepe a meme: asked why he pulls his pants all the way down to urinate, Pepe answers "Feels good man". The record places its popularisation on 4chan's /b/ board in early 2008.
  10. - An animated "Feels good man". An animated version of the Feels Good Man image, from the record's account of the panel's early spread on 4chan's /b/ board in 2008.
  11. - Jacob Ciocci of Paper Rad. A Pittsburgh public-television profile of Jacob Ciocci, a member of the art collective Paper Rad, on an installation made with his sister Jessica Ciocci. Paper Rad's website is the one Matt Furie has credited as a formative influence, describing it as a wall of psychedelic child-like visual creativity, and it is the source he points to when asked where Pepe's look came from.
  12. - The original Sad Frog, "Feels Bad Man". Sad Frog: Matt Furie's Pepe drawing altered with the mouth flipped and the caption "Feels Bad Man". The earliest archived 4chan thread carrying it dates to January 22nd, 2009. It became the antithesis of Feels Good Man, used to denote failure or disappointment.
  13. - Sad Frog and "You will never". The Sad Frog pairing with the "You Will Never X" format. The original 4chan /a/ thread was never archived; this copy was reuploaded to the Polish image host Kyon on June 11th, 2009.
  14. - Sad Frog in a golden crown. The drooping-mouthed frog drawn head-on wearing a bright yellow crown set with a red heart. Flat cartoon colours, no background.
  15. - Sad Frog head above a pink banner. A large close-up of the sad frog's face on black, with a strip of pink text running along the bottom edge of the frame.
  16. - Sad Frog, the disappointment face. A Sad Frog example from the record. The image is posted, or invoked as "feelsbadman.jpg", to denote failure or disappointment.
  17. - Sad Frog at Machu Picchu. The frog is drawn into a photograph of the Machu Picchu terraces, wearing a shoulder bag and a gold pendant, with a gold sun motif beside his head.
  18. - Sad Frog, "You will never". A Sad Frog example in the "You Will Never X" format, the pairing the record dates to 2009 and which fixed the character as a symbol of unreachable things.
  19. - Pencil comic strip with the sad frog. A six-panel hand-drawn strip in blue pencil line-art; the frog's droop-mouthed face appears in the right-hand panels reacting to another character.
  20. - Sad Frog as a 4chan reaction image. One of the Sad Frog images collected in the record's Spread section, from the years when the frog circulated across 4chan boards and the bodybuilding forums.
  21. - Crying frog with long brown hair. A green frog face given long brown hair, a black top and a cross earring, with a tear running down one cheek.
  22. - Zoomed-in frog with bulging eyes. An extreme close-up crop: two huge white eyes fill most of the frame above an open red-lined mouth.
  23. - Sad Frog, a Feels Bad Man variation. A variation on the Sad Frog drawing. The record notes Feels Bad Man had its own Facebook group from December 2009 and a single-image website, Feelsbadman.com, from December 2010.
  24. - Sad Frog in wider circulation. A Sad Frog example from the record. Sad Frog is one of the reaction faces, alongside Feels Good Man, Smug Frog and Angry Pepe, that carried Pepe across the image boards.
  25. - Sad Frog beside an emergency exit sign. The frog stands in a pale grey doorway under a lit red EXIT sign, drawn small at the bottom of the frame.
  26. - Sad Frog, the antithesis of Feels Good Man. A Sad Frog example. The record frames the depressed frog as the direct counterpart to the Feels Good Man panel it was edited from.
  27. - Sad Frog with a golden cross. The frog's face in profile with a glowing gold Christian cross floating beside him against a plain background.
  28. - Gaia Online's "feels good man" manga panel. A panel from Gaia Online's storyline manga, produced for a Halloween event in 2009, in which the character The Overseer answers a question about refusing to wear clothes with "Feels good man". An early crossing of the catchphrase into a commercial web property.
  29. - Matt Furie and Jay Howell at Receiver Gallery. A walkthrough of a two-person show by Matt Furie and Jay Howell at the San Francisco space Receiver Gallery. The gallery describes brightly coloured, deliberately childlike drawings of animal and human characters in improvised comic situations. It documents the small-press and gallery scene the Boy's Club comics came out of.
  30. - Sad Frog resting his chin on his hand. The standard sad frog pose in flat green with a blue shirt, one webbed hand propped under the chin, on black.
  31. - Matt Furie answers questions for Fecal Face. A short clip from the run-up to the art site Fecal Face's interview with Matt Furie, in which he answers a question sent in by the artist John Casey. It captures his standing in the Bay Area underground art scene during the Boy's Club years, before the character he drew was known outside comics.
  32. - The 1990 was thirty years ago image. Text reading '1990 was 30 years ago' with the 30 correcting a crossed-out 20, and a small sad frog tucked underneath.
  33. - Sad Frog in a rainbow beanie. A pale pink-faced variant of the frog wearing a knitted beanie striped in rainbow colours with a chin strap.
  34. - The plain Sad Frog portrait. The best-known configuration: flat green frog, blue shirt, half-closed eyes and the long down-turned mouth.
  35. - Sad Frog with purple anime hair. The frog redrawn with a lilac bob haircut and glossy pink lips over a pale purple background.
  36. - A grid of Sad Frog variants. A tiled sheet of small frog heads, each with a different accessory: gas mask, sunglasses, spectacles, headgear, arranged like a collection sheet.
  37. - Sad Frog in a red necktie. A larger drawing of the frog wearing a red tie and dark jacket, eyes cast down, against a washed grey background.
  38. - Realistic frog in a suit. A dark, near-photographic render of a frog in a suit jacket, lit from the side and framed as a portrait.
  39. - Sad Frog as a LEGO minifigure. A photograph of a LEGO minifigure with a moulded frog head and green and blue bricks for a body, standing on a table top.
  40. - Sad Frog on an oxygen mask. A photograph of a person's face wearing a clear breathing mask, with the frog drawn over it feeding the tube from a red canister labelled 'Memes'.
  41. - The Feels Sad Man paint drawing. A crude MS Paint rendering: a lumpy green blob with two white eyes and a wide mouth, captioned 'Feels sad man'.
  42. - Pepe Patrol firefighter mashup. A dog-frog hybrid in a red firefighter helmet with the words 'pepe patrol' beneath, a Paw Patrol crossover.
  43. - Bowser with a frog face. The Mario villain redrawn with the sad frog's eyes and mouth on his head, keeping his orange hair and shell spikes.
  44. - Perry the Platypus frog hybrid. A teal creature with the platypus's orange bill and body but the frog's heavy-lidded eyes.
  45. - Frog head in an animated scene. The frog's face is composited into a purple-toned cartoon frame, resting on what looks like bedding.
  46. - Cropped frog eyes and lips. A hard crop of the frog's face pushed to abstraction: two eyes on green, a pink mouth on a green field.
  47. - Small frog head on dark green. A little sad frog head floating in the middle of a dark green vignetted background.
  48. - The Tokio Hotel was fifteen years ago image. Plain text reading 'Tokio Hotel was 15 years ago' with a small sad frog placed in the lower left corner.
  49. - The Pepesi can. A blue Pepsi can mocked up with the frog's eyes and mouth replacing the logo and the word 'pepesi' in the Pepsi script.
  50. - Korean listing for frog tissue cases. A social media post in Korean advertising 'BAD FROG' tissue-box covers moulded as the sad frog's head, shown in two product photos.
  51. - Sad Frog as a bearded warrior. The frog in a metal helmet with a long grey beard and cloak, drawn in the style of a fantasy role-playing portrait.
  52. - Squirtle frog hybrid. A blue-green creature with a turtle's shell and belly plate carrying the frog's droopy mouth and tired eyes.
  53. - Sad Frog in a Michigan State cap. A drawn frog in a green ball cap sitting cross-legged, with a Spartan helmet logo and a caption block beside him.
  54. - Neon outline Sad Frog. The frog's face traced in glowing green and purple neon lines on a black field, like a light sign.
  55. - Frog onesie with a plate of cookies. A photograph of someone in a blue plush onesie wearing a moulded frog head, seated on a sofa holding a plate of cookies.
  56. - Sad Frog in a black and gold hat. A close-up drawing of the frog in a wide black hat trimmed with gold cord, red shapes filling the foreground.
  57. - Autumn ends, frogs settle down. A line reading 'Autumn ends: frogs settle down into the earth' above a frog sitting in a blue robe holding a long pipe.
  58. - Sad Frog in a Mega Man helmet. The frog wearing the blue and white helmet of the video game character, drawn against black.
  59. - Feels Bane Man. The frog's head fitted with the breathing apparatus mask worn by Bane, captioned 'feels Bane man' in a speech bubble.
  60. - Frog bodysuit on a city street. A street photograph of a person in a muscled green frog suit and red shorts, with pedestrians in the background.
  61. - September thirtieth versus October first. Captioned 'me september 30th vs. october 1st', pairing a plain sad frog with the same frog recoloured as an orange pumpkin.
  62. - Sad Frog on the bodybuilding forums. The Sad Frog image as posted to the Body Building Forums on August 17th, 2009 with the caption "not good man". The forums were one of the two communities, alongside 4chan, where the reaction face first circulated.
  63. - feelsbadman.jpg in a greentext story. Sad Frog as used in the 4chan greentext story format, which through 2010 made "feelsbadman.jpg" a standard way of closing out a story of failure on the /mu/, /r9k/ and /sp/ boards.
  64. - The original Smug Frog. Smug Frog, the self-satisfied Pepe. The oldest archived post carrying it is a 4chan /tv/ thread from June 2nd, 2011 mocking the humour of The Big Bang Theory. Where Sad Frog is Wojak's companion, Smug Frog is drawn antagonising him.
  65. - "Mad Karma with Jim Cramer". The image macro the record calls the first instance of memes being discussed as stocks: a Mad Money screenshot with the news ticker rewritten to list trending Reddit memes, posted to /r/AdviceAnimals on June 11th, 2012. It predates the /r/MemeEconomy subreddit by four years.
  66. - Angry Pepe posted to 4chan's /pol/. The second documented use of the Angry Pepe reaction image, posted in a /pol/ reply on May 9th, 2014 complaining about recreational drinking. The oldest retrievable use had appeared on /r9k/ eleven days earlier.
  67. - The first watermarked Rare Pepes. Rare Pepes as they began on 4chan's /r9k/ board in late 2014: original Pepe illustrations shared as though they were trading cards, some watermarked by their makers to protect their supposed value.
  68. - Monochrome Pepe pocket edition card. A trading card engraved in black-and-white hatching, titled 'POCKET EDITION MONOCHROME PEPE' and numbered 405 of 500.
  69. - Article on Venezuelans trading rare Pepes. A screenshot of a news article headlined about Venezuelan developers using Bitcoin and Rare Pepes against a dismal economy, with a frog image lower down the page.
  70. - The My Little Pepe card. A trading card headed 'My Little PEPE' whose art shows a green frog lying in a field beside a small white figure, with stat line and the note 'Well tamed'.
  71. - Angry Pepe, the hostile frog. A notable example of Angry Pepe, the hostile-looking variant of Pepe the Frog used to signal rage and intense frustration.
  72. - Angry Pepe as an animated reaction. An animated Angry Pepe from the record's notable examples. The variant is normally posted as a reaction rather than as a captioned macro.
  73. - Angry Pepe, red-faced. One of the Angry Pepe examples collected in the record. The variant is described as a hostile counterpart to the relaxed Feels Good Man version of the character.
  74. - Angry Pepe in motion. An animated Angry Pepe example. The image circulated on 4chan's /r9k/, /pol/ and /g/ boards, on Reddit and on Tumblr.
  75. - Angry Pepe as a captioned macro. An Angry Pepe example from the record, of the kind posted with expressions of rage and frustration.
  76. - Angry Pepe, another circulating version. One of the Angry Pepe variations collected in the record's notable examples section.
  77. - Angry Pepe among the reaction faces. Angry Pepe, the hostile variant, as listed in the main record's roll call of Pepe reaction faces alongside Feels Good Man, Sad Frog, Smug Frog and Well Meme'd. It is normally posted with expressions of rage and intense frustration.
  78. - Smug Frog, animated. An animated Smug Frog from the record's notable examples, made during the 2014 wave when the image was being reworked constantly.
  79. - Smug Frog, self-satisfied. A Smug Frog example. The face carries the smugness of having got the better of someone, which is why it so often appears opposite Wojak.
  80. - Smug Frog as a derivative. One of the many Smug Frog derivatives the record says were spawned in 2014, when the image began being used far more heavily than in its first three years.
  81. - Smug Frog, redrawn. A redrawn Smug Frog from the record's examples. The face later supplied the expression for Pepe Punch.
  82. - Smug Frog in a reaction. A Smug Frog example of the kind posted as a reply. The variant is treated as a separate character from Sad Frog despite the shared origin.
  83. - Smug Frog, another version. One of the Smug Frog examples collected in the record's notable examples section.
  84. - Pixel-art RARE frog. A frog face rendered in chunky yellow and black pixels beside the word 'RARE' in blocky capitals.
  85. - Not my problem. A green frog lying flat on his back on a blue field with the words 'NOT MY PROBLEM' set in white above him.
  86. - Two frogs under the northern lights. A pixel-style scene of two frogs seated on grass watching an aurora over the sea, a Nordic cross flag and a small human figure nearby.
  87. - The Pepevillain album parody. A greyscale parody of an MF DOOM record sleeve: a frog wearing the metal gladiator mask, captioned 'My rare MadVillainy pepe'.
  88. - Bulbasaur frog hybrid. A squat teal creature with a green bulb on its back and the frog's heavy-lidded eyes and long mouth.
  89. - The dank LSD Pepe card. A psychedelic ink drawing of a frog head in swirling colour, captioned about an LSD Pepe appearing out of nowhere and to upvote within five seconds.
  90. - The uwu frog. A mint-green frog on a pink scribbled background with a purple lip and the letters 'uwu' written beside it.
  91. - Tattooed rapper frog. A frog drawn with coloured hair, face tattoos and a grill, in the style of a rap artist portrait.
  92. - Rare police Pepe from Poland. A photograph of a police car in Poland with a frog and the words 'ultramega rzadkie police pepe' drawn in the dust on the rear windscreen.
  93. - The multiverse Pepe card. A cosmic-toned frog with glitched title lettering and a warning to upvote within forty-two seconds or be stuck between dimensions forever.
  94. - The common Pepe drawing. A large plain frog resting on its front, drawn in flat green with the long mouth and half-closed eyes, on white.
  95. - Authenticating a rare Pepe card. A frog card annotated with red callout boxes pointing to a clover matrix, a microprinted serial number and fluorescent pigments.
  96. - Screaming pink frog with red eyes. A pink and purple recolour of the frog mid-scream, red pupils and a glowing outline, mouth stretched wide open.
  97. - The Tula plum Pepe. A dark purple frog in a peaked cap over a photographic background, with pink title text and a block of instructions for downloading the image.
  98. - It's not easy being meme. A Kermit and frog hybrid in green with the hand-lettered line 'It's not easy being Meme', captioned as Rare Pepe number 199.
  99. - Green-skinned man pointing and yelling. A photograph of a person recoloured frog-green with the angry frog's face drawn on, one arm raised and pointing.
  100. - The classic REEE face. The angry frog leaning forward with its mouth split open, tongue out and sweat drops flying off the head.
  101. - Rendered three-dimensional frog. A polished digital render of a teal-grey frog with heavy eyelids and a downturned mouth, lit against a dark background.
  102. - Angry frog wifi signal panels. A three-row image pairing wifi strength icons with the frog getting progressively angrier, ending at 'Connected, but no internet'.
  103. - Rare Pepe game box parody. A mock game advertisement reading 'RARE PEPE - 30 memes, one epic collection, only on Xbox One' over a grinning green reptilian frog in sunglasses.
  104. - Rare Pepe boots. A photograph of a pair of green rubber boots with moulded frog faces on the toes, worn with white socks, captioned 'Rare Pepe Boots'.
  105. - Red-tinted shouting frog. A tight crop of the yelling frog washed in red, the open mouth and tongue dominating the frame.
  106. - Angry frog on orange. The shouting frog in bold black line-art with a white body against a flat orange field, spit flying from the mouth.
  107. - Limited edition rare Pepe warning card. A frog with a glowing eye over a purple and orange background, framed by small print declaring the copy limited and its duplication prohibited.
  108. - Frog made of lava. A deep-fried edit in which the frog's face is rendered in molten orange cracks and flame against a dark background.
  109. - The rarest universe Pepe. A frog rendered in galaxy colours with stars showing through, captioned as the rarest universe Pepe that appears once every successful absorb session.
  110. - Smeared red scream. The angry frog dragged into red streaks by a smear filter, the open mouth still readable at the centre.
  111. - Rare Pepe Clicker on a phone. A hand holding a phone running a game called 'RARE PEPE CLICKER', with the instruction 'FIND THE RAREST PEPE!' and a frog drawn beside the screen.
  112. - Frog burning in flames. The frog's outline glowing orange inside a wall of fire, the whole frame lit like an ember.
  113. - Medium-rare Pepe steak. A photograph of a cooked steak on a plate whose grain reads as the frog's face, posted with the caption 'medium-rare pepe' and a reply complaining about the blog.
  114. - Rare Pepe do not steal. A frog with a hand raised to his chin in front of a rainbow arc, with a black bar beneath reading 'Rare Pepe do not steal'.
  115. - Grinning angry frog on red. A bright green frog with bulging eyes and a wide toothy grin against a flat red background.
  116. - Teal frog screaming with red eyes. A blue-green version of the frog with a leafy crest, red pupils and an open shouting mouth, sweat drops around the head.
  117. - Behold, the cosmic Pepe. A frog head filled with a starfield, captioned as the cosmic Pepe located at the edge of the observable universe.
  118. - The nuclear cosmic entity Pepe. A glittering multicoloured frog beside a long block of text naming it a diamond plutonium kryptonite uranium radioactive cosmic entity Pepe.
  119. - The FAAAA shouting frog. A brown and red angry frog with its mouth wide open, captioned about ordinary conforming members of society and a long drawn-out 'FAAAA'.
  120. - The super rare anti-matter Pepe. A pale blue glowing frog on a green congratulations card announcing that a super rare anti-matter Pepe has been found.
  121. - Birthday cake with a frog on it. A photograph of a lit birthday cake in a dark room with an angry frog image printed across the top.
  122. - Rage-face frog with REEE column. The frog drawn in rage-comic style, jagged teeth and wide eyes, beside a stacked column of red 'Reeee' text.
  123. - The wild tritium Pepe. A frog outlined in radioactive green over a dark background, captioned 'Out of nowhere appears a wild Tritium Pepe' with an instruction to upvote in five seconds.
  124. - The ultra rare albino Pepe. A white frog with both hands pressed to its cheeks against a starry background, under a banner claiming it is property of the US federal government.
  125. - Angry frog dissolving into red. A painterly red-on-red edit of the shouting frog, the face pulled sideways into ribbons but still recognisable.
  126. - Flat brown angry frog. A minimal flat-colour drawing on pink: a brown frog head with a jagged tongue lolling from an open mouth.
  127. - A little upset. A red-toned angry frog above a black caption bar reading 'a little upset.'
  128. - 4chan notices Pepe has changed. Smug Frog examples from the August 13th, 2014 /v/ thread that produced the first recorded discussion of the variant, where posters debated why Pepe had turned from sad to smug, newfound optimism, or the average user acclimatising to 4chan.
  129. - Katy Perry's crying Pepe tweet. Katy Perry tweeted a crying Pepe on November 8th, 2014 with the caption "Australian jet lag got me like". The tweet went on to collect over 17,000 likes, and marks the point where the image board reaction face turned into mainstream celebrity shorthand. Nicki Minaj posted her own Pepe six weeks later.
  130. - Nu Pepe, the crossed-arms frog. The Nu Pepe depiction: Pepe drawn with his arms crossed in a blue long-sleeved shirt, a version the record traces to an image likened to Javert from Les Misérables that was highlighted on the Finnish imageboard Ylilauta on December 9th, 2014.
  131. - Nu Pepe in a Bane mask. An edited Nu Pepe wearing a Bane mask, posted to the Russian imageboard Dvach on January 24th, 2015. The variant crossed three national image boards, Finnish, Russian and 4chan, in under three months.
  132. - Angry Pepe variations on Tumblr. Variations of the Angry Pepe image posted by Tumblr user enemy-stand on February 9th, 2015, which gathered more than 12,500 notes in a week. By then the image had spread from /r9k/ to /pol/, Reddit and the bodybuilding forums.
  133. - Nu Pepe is named on 4chan's /qa/. The unedited image posted to 4chan's /qa/ board on March 1st, 2015, where it was christened "nu pepe" and nominated as "the official meme of /qa/". It was stickied on the /s4s/ board the next day.
  134. - The plan to flood the Rare Pepe market. A 4chan /r9k/ thread from March 28th, 2015 in which a poster confesses to stockpiling rare Pepes in order to flood the market and crash their value, the joke economy acquiring its first market manipulator.
  135. - Rare Pepes listed on eBay. By April 9th, 2015 there were more than 230 "rare Pepe" listings on eBay. The joke that a JPEG could be rare, and priced, is the seed of everything from Rare Pepe trading cards to the NFT sales that followed.
  136. - An early video explainer of the Pepe meme. A short 2015 summary of where Pepe came from and how the meme was being used, drawing on Know Your Meme. It predates the character's political contest, and the uploader concedes in the notes that the comic's title is misstated in the video. Its value is as a record of how the meme was understood in mid-2015.
  137. - The Rare Pepe market takes off. From the record's account of Rare Pepes: images of Pepe traded as if they were collectible cards. A March 2015 imgur gallery of over 1,200 Pepes drew 260,000 views in a week, and the collection was listed on eBay, where bidding reached $99,166 before the listing was pulled.
  138. - A Rare Pepe card. One of the Rare Pepe illustrations collected in the record: an original Pepe drawing treated as a collectible whose worth depends on how few copies exist.
  139. - A watermarked Rare Pepe. A Rare Pepe example. Makers watermarked their images so that copies circulating elsewhere could not dilute the original's supposed value.
  140. - Rare Pepe, traded as a card. A Rare Pepe from the record's examples. The format later moved onto the Counterparty blockchain through RarePepeWallet.
  141. - Another Rare Pepe illustration. One of the Rare Pepe illustrations in the record. An imgur gallery of over 1,200 of them drew 260,000 views in its first week in 2015.
  142. - Rare Pepe, one of thousands. A Rare Pepe example. By April 2015 there were over 230 rare Pepe listings on eBay, and by September that year the ads had spread to Craigslist.
  143. - Buying Rare Pepes on Craigslist. A New York City Craigslist ad from September 9th, 2015 offering $50 for Rare Pepes. A month earlier a Chicago listing had sought a "Rare Pepe Trader" as a third roommate.
  144. - Trump tweets himself as Pepe. Donald Trump tweeted an illustration of Pepe drawn as himself at a presidential podium on October 13th, 2015. The record traces the Trump-Pepe association to a July 2015 image posted on 4chan's /pol/ board by the Malaysian artist Maldraw, which spread through 4chan and Reddit before the candidate himself retweeted a version of it.
  145. - Apu Apustaja arrives on 4chan's /b/. The Apu Apustaja version of Pepe, a deliberately crude redraw in the style of Spurdo Spärde, posted to 4chan's /b/ board on March 25th, 2016 with a misspelled caption about a "food help helper".
  146. - Apu Apustaja's missing food help helper. A follow-up Apu Apustaja thread posted to 4chan's /b/ on March 26th, 2016, in which the character complains that his "food help helper" has gone missing.
  147. - An Apu Apustaja thread on 4chan's /int/. Illustrations of Apu Apustaja from a thread submitted to 4chan's /int/ board on April 19th, 2016. The character had crossed over from Ylilauta to 4chan, where posters call him "Helper".
  148. - Matt Furie in conversation at the ADL's Never Is Now summit. Weeks after listing the character, the Anti-Defamation League hosted its creator on stage at its Never Is Now conference for a conversation about what had happened to Pepe. The league had joined Furie's #SavePepe campaign on 14 October 2016, seventeen days after the listing, and the video is published under its own channel with that hashtag. It is a primary record of the artist and the organisation appearing together.
  149. - MSNBC segment on Pepe and the 2016 campaign. A re-upload of an MSNBC broadcast in which Rachel Maddow explains to a general television audience how a cartoon frog became attached to the 2016 US presidential campaign. Segments like this one were circulated approvingly inside the online communities they described, who read the coverage as proof of reach. The upload is a third-party copy rather than a broadcaster release.
  150. - CNN reports the ADL hate-symbol listing. On 27 September 2016 the Anti-Defamation League added Pepe the Frog to its online database of hate symbols, citing the character's appropriation by extremists during the election. This CNN report is a same-week record of how that decision reached mainstream television news. The league's entry has always carried the caveat, still published today, that the majority of uses of Pepe have been and remain non-bigoted.
  151. - CBC asks whether Pepe is a hate symbol. A week after the Anti-Defamation League added the character to its hate-symbol database, CBC News examines the decision and reports the creator's position that the league acted too quickly. The segment sets the institutional judgement against Matt Furie's own account of what he drew and why.
  152. - RarePepeWallet. 2016: a database of Rare Pepe images formatted as trading cards and traded on the Counterparty blockchain using PepeCash. The joke about rare JPEGs had acquired real settlement rails.
  153. - Apu Apustaja in a white shirt. The rounder, simpler frog known as Apu drawn in a white shirt with big glossy eyes, isolated on black.
  154. - Apu as a hooded fortune teller. Apu in a brown hood leans over a glowing crystal ball in a cluttered room lined with shelves.
  155. - The standard Apu portrait. Apu shown from the chest up in his blue shirt, mouth closed, drawn against a plain light grey ground.
  156. - Apu in a hospital corridor. Three Apu frogs in a clinic scene: one pushed in a wheelchair, one in a white coat, one visiting, with a framed certificate on the wall.
  157. - Apu holding a bottle. A photograph of a hand gripping a spirits bottle with Apu drawn in alongside it, arms around the glass.
  158. - Apu making a heart with his hands. Apu sits with his legs out, forming a heart shape with both hands, outlined in a green glow on black.
  159. - Apu wrapped in a United States flag. Apu shouting with his mouth open, a stars and stripes flag draped around his shoulders like a cape.
  160. - Apu Apustaja, the help helper. An Apu Apustaja example: the crudely redrawn Pepe whose name translates from Finnish as "help helper".
  161. - Downcast Apu on black. Apu in his blue shirt with the eyes angled down and the mouth flat, cut out against a black background.
  162. - Apu Apustaja as a reaction image. One of the Apu Apustaja examples collected in the record. The variant became one of the most widely posted Pepe derivatives.
  163. - Bandaged Apu with a cigarette. Apu with a pink dressing taped to his forehead, smoke curling from a cigarette in his mouth, holding a small green circuit board.
  164. - Apu Apustaja, drawn in the Spurdo style. An Apu Apustaja illustration in the deliberately poor drawing style borrowed from Spurdo Spärde, the earlier Finnish image board character.
  165. - Wide-eyed Apu on purple. A close crop of Apu with oversized eyes and tiny pupils against a soft purple background.
  166. - Apu Apustaja on the image boards. An Apu Apustaja example from the record. The character is posted on both Ylilauta and 4chan, where he is known as "Helper".
  167. - Apu lying down with his mouth open. Apu sprawled on his side, blue shirt rucked up, mouth hanging open with the tongue visible.
  168. - Apu Apustaja, another helper drawing. One of the Apu Apustaja variations collected in the record's examples section.
  169. - The source images behind Pepe Punch. The imagery Pepe Punch is built from: the Dragon Ball character Vegeta rearing back a punch towards the viewer, and the Welcome To The Family, Son parodies in which Pepe appeared on 4chan from July 2016. The finished meme combines that pose with the Smug Frog face.
  170. - Apu staring at the floor. Apu shown against a grey wall with a maroon band below, head tilted forward and eyes lowered.
  171. - SpongeBob and Apu hybrid. A yellow sponge body with Apu's frog eyes and mouth, finished with a red necktie and white collar.
  172. - Apu with green hair. A close-up of Apu given a spiky bright green fringe and a red collar, on a green background.
  173. - Apu eating pancakes. Apu in a blue cap gulping down a stack of pancakes, with the sound effect 'GLOM' drawn in red comic lettering.
  174. - Plain Apu on white. A minimal drawing of Apu's head and shoulders with large round eyes, no background detail at all.
  175. - Apu with a small smile. Apu in his blue shirt with the mouth curved slightly upward, a calm rather than sad expression.
  176. - Apu beside a pink wall. A close crop of Apu looking sideways, framed by a pink panelled surface and a strip of wooden trim.
  177. - Apu in a top hat with a cigar box. Apu dressed in a black top hat and coat, carrying an open box of cigars and a bottle of whisky.
  178. - Apu portrait cut out on black. Apu in blue with wide bright eyes, the drawing cleanly cut out against a black field.
  179. - Apu with his arms crossed over. Apu leaning with both arms swung across his body in a dabbing gesture, drawn on a pale green ground.
  180. - Apu as a robed desert traveller. Apu wrapped in an orange and pink robe with beads and a staff, standing in an open sandy landscape.
  181. - Big-eyed Apu close-up. Apu drawn very large in frame with heavy black eyes and the long brown mouth, on a lilac background.
  182. - Apu holding a sign reading FACT. Apu in thick-rimmed glasses holds up a white sheet of paper with the word 'FACT' written on it, one fist raised.
  183. - Apu shrugging in blue. A plain Apu bust drawn with rounded shoulders and half-closed eyes on a light background.
  184. - Apu with a lantern. Apu draped in a blue cloak, holding an old oil lantern out in front of him.
  185. - The JEB plaes vot frog. A hooded frog in glasses with its tongue out holding a snack, captioned in red '¿JEB! plaes vot'.
  186. - Finnish Apu in a straw hat. Apu wearing a wide yellow conical hat and a shirt printed with the white and blue Finnish cross.
  187. - Apu as an old man with a clipboard. A grey-bearded Apu in glasses holds a dark clipboard and a pencil, drawn in blue and green flat colour.
  188. - Clean Apu and muddy Apu. Two panels side by side: a tidy Apu waving beside a version of himself splattered with brown marks, with a sink drawn below.
  189. - Apu spinning over a coffee mug. Apu drawn as a helicopter with his body horizontal and limbs spread, hovering above a white mug while a smaller frog watches.
  190. - Apu looking straight ahead. A simple Apu bust with large eyes and the long mouth, in blue on a plain light grey field.
  191. - Apu giving a thumbs up. Apu raises one green hand with the thumb extended, the figure isolated on black.
  192. - Apu standing with arms down. A full upper-body Apu in a loose blue shirt, both arms hanging at his sides, on white.
  193. - Apu about to cry. Apu with glassy blue tears welling along the lower lids, mouth pressed flat.
  194. - Apu smoking a pipe. Apu holds a wooden pipe in his mouth with soap-like bubbles drifting up around his head.
  195. - Peep the Toad, the off-brand Pepe. The original Peep the Toad post, submitted to Tumblr on July 30th, 2016: an anthropomorphic toad captioned "when u cant afford quality name brand memes so u have to settle for / peep the toad". It gathered over 134,000 notes and spread to /r/dankmemes and /r/me_irl.
  196. - Behind the Meme on Pepe's origins. A meme-history channel recounts the character's route from Matt Furie's comic to the imageboards and the variant Pepes that followed. It was posted in August 2016, weeks before the Anti-Defamation League added the character to its hate-symbol database, and already refers to the fight over the meme in that year's US election.
  197. - "The Deplorables" poster. A photoshopped Expendables poster titled "The Deplorables", posted to Instagram by Donald Trump Jr. on September 10th, 2016, the day after Hillary Clinton's "basket of deplorables" remark. Pepe stands among the prominent conservatives on it, and the post pulled the frog into the centre of the presidential campaign.
  198. - The news wave that redefined Pepe. Coverage from September 11th, 2016, when NBC, CNN, The Hill, Vanity Fair and Talking Points Memo described Pepe as a white nationalist symbol and the Clinton campaign published an explainer calling the frog "sinister". The Daily Dot ran the counter-argument the same week: "Pepe the Frog is not a Nazi, no matter what the alt-right says."
  199. - Apu Apustaja's Firefly parody reaches Reddit. A screenshot of the 4chan post pairing Apu Apustaja with parody lyrics for the Firefly theme song, which reached the front page of the /r/4chan subreddit on October 3rd, 2016.
  200. - #SavePepe begins. On October 14th, 2016 the Anti-Defamation League joined Matt Furie on the #SavePepe campaign, asking people to make and share positive images of the frog. The ADL, which had added Pepe to its hate symbols database, stated that the majority of uses of Pepe were not bigoted, the listing covered only those versions combined with hateful content.
  201. - Furie draws Pepe melting into Trump. An original drawing by Matt Furie published by The Nib on October 17th, 2016, showing Pepe melting into a likeness of Donald Trump. The same day TIME ran Furie's op-ed asking readers to "join me in making millions of new, joyful Pepe memes that share the light hearted spirit of the original chilled-out champion".
  202. - Peep the Toad, settling for less. A second Peep the Toad example from the character's Facebook page. The joke depends entirely on the toad being a visibly worse Pepe.
  203. - Peep the Toad in circulation. A third Peep the Toad example. By February 2017 the toad had its own posts on /r/memeeconomy asking for an estimate of its value.
  204. - Peep the Toad on Facebook. An example from the Peep the Toad Facebook page, launched on October 23rd, 2016 to collect versions of the off-brand toad character.
  205. - Pepe carved into a Halloween pumpkin. A jack-o'-lantern carved with Pepe the Frog's face, photographed on 31 October 2016. By this point the character had travelled far beyond the comic it came from and into everyday amateur use.
  206. - The first Pepe Le Pen. The earliest known illustration of Pepe Le Pen, posted to Reddit on November 10th, 2016 and drawn in the style of the Trump Pepe images that preceded it.
  207. - Wendy's deleted Pepe tweet. Wendy's answered a request for memes with Pepe drawn as its own mascot on January 2nd, 2017, then deleted the tweet after criticism, saying "our community manager was unaware of the recent evolution of the Pepe meme's meaning". A brand discovering mid-post that the frog had become contested.
  208. - The early-2017 meme drought report. Redditor deros94's report on an early-2017 meme drought, posted to /r/MemeEconomy on January 9th, 2017, arguing the meme landscape had become a "barren wasteland" of forced and rehashed ideas. The Daily Dot covered it, noting January is traditionally a slow month for memes.
  209. - The Russian Embassy's Smug Pepe tweet. The Russian Embassy in the United Kingdom posted a Smug Pepe in reaction to news of a coming meeting between Theresa May and President-elect Donald Trump, gathering over 9,000 likes in a day. The Daily Dot, Vox and IBTimes covered the tweet, describing the Smug Pepe illustration as a "racist meme" and a "white supremacist symbol", the fight over what the frog meant, conducted through an official government account.
  210. - Pepe de France. A Pepe drawn in the likeness of Marine Le Pen, from the Pepe de France forum launched on January 27th, 2017 as a hub for memes supporting the National Front in the French presidential election.
  211. - PBS Idea Channel on rare Pepes and the hate-symbol question. A media-studies video essay from PBS examining rare-Pepe collecting, the character's many variants, and whether an image's meaning is fixed by the person who drew it or by the people who use it. It was made months after the Anti-Defamation League listing and treats the argument as unsettled rather than closed.
  212. - "Bigger than Dogecoin". A February 13th, 2017 tweet arguing Pepe would outgrow Dogecoin because it could "literally rarify memes". Days earlier a card called "My Little Pepe" had sold for a million PepeCash, roughly $3,500.
  213. - 'Deplorables and Alt-Right Unite' sign at a Saint Paul rally. A supporter at the 'March 4 Trump' rally in Saint Paul, Minnesota holds a sign reading 'Deplorables and Alt-Right Unite', with Pepe the Frog imagery alongside. The photograph documents the period in which part of the American right adopted the character as a political badge; the Anti-Defamation League, which added Pepe to its hate-symbol database in 2016, stated at the time that most uses of the character were not bigoted.
  214. - A trader profile on Nasdanq's closed beta. A screenshot of a user profile on Nasdanq, the meme stock exchange built by /r/MemeEconomy volunteers, posted by Redditor Icedog68 on the day the closed beta launched, April 12th, 2017. The team had incorporated as NASDANQ LLC two months earlier.
  215. - Furie draws Pepe's funeral. Matt Furie's comic showing Pepe laid out in a casket, published by Fantagraphics in Worlds Greatest Cartoonists on May 6th, 2017. CBR, The Mary Sue and Mashable reported that Furie had killed the character off. Seven weeks later he launched a Kickstarter to resurrect him "as a universal symbol for peace, love, and acceptance".
  216. - A video essay on Pepe's arc. An essay made in the days after Furie killed the character, tracing Pepe from the comic through the imageboards to the 2016 campaign and treating the meme as a case study in how online communities take ownership of an image. Some of the origin details in its notes, including the year and platform it gives for the character's first appearance, do not match later research.
  217. - The Infowars poster. The poster sold on the Infowars website, tweeted by Alex Jones on May 13th, 2017, which placed Pepe among a group of political media figures. Matt Furie filed a copyright suit over it in March 2018; Infowars settled in June 2019 for $15,000, agreed to destroy the remaining posters and to stop using the character.
  218. - Furie kills off Pepe for Free Comic Book Day. A news brief reporting that Matt Furie ended his own character in a one-page strip released for Free Comic Book Day in May 2017, drawing Pepe dead. The gesture was widely read as a protest against the political use the character had been put to, and it did not stop the meme's circulation.
  219. - Furie forces a children's book off sale. A news read-out of Guardian reporting from August 2017 that Matt Furie's lawyers used copyright claims to stop the sale of a self-published children's book that used his character for political ends. It was among the first results of the takedown campaign he began that year.
  220. - The cease and desist over Pepe paintings. The cease and desist notice Matt Furie's law firm sent artist Jessica Logsdon in September 2017 over Pepe paintings listed on eBay. Logsdon declined to comply; Furie's lawyers filed suit in October, in what Motherboard called the first copyright infringement case brought against a Pepe meme maker.
  221. - Artist in a Pepe mask at Ruby Beach. The artist XVALA stands on Ruby Beach in Olympic National Park, Washington, wearing a rubber Pepe the Frog mask. The file date records the 2019 upload; the description states the photograph was made in 2017.
  222. - Zara's frog-patch skirt. The denim skirt Zara pulled from sale in April 2017 after shoppers said its frog patches resembled Pepe. Zara told The Guardian there was "absolutely no link", and that the artist Mario de Santiago had taken the design from a wall painting he had made with friends years earlier. Other Twitter users argued the frog was Old Man Jenkins from Spongebob Squarepants.
  223. - The Homer Pepe card goes to auction. The Homer Simpson-themed Rare Pepe, listed for auction on July 3rd, 2017 with a starting price of 250 XCP. In January 2018 it sold for 350,000 PepeCash, about $38,500, at a Rare Pepe auction in New York, to a buyer named Peter Kell.
  224. - Logsdon tweets the legal notice. Jessica Logsdon's tweet of the cease and desist notice to journalist Matthew Gault on September 18th, 2017, with the line "I am a painter, not the least alt-right". The dispute went to the US District Court for the Western District of Missouri that October.
  225. - The legal battle over who owns Pepe. Reason examines the copyright questions raised by Matt Furie's takedown campaign: whether an author can still control a character that has been absorbed into meme culture, and where fair use leaves the people making the images. It lays out the positions of the parties heading into the disputes that followed.
  226. - A Pepe sign confiscated at the Overwatch League. Two spectators at an Overwatch League event had a sign carrying a Pepe illustration taken from them by security, as reported by Kotaku on January 10th, 2018. Blizzard later confirmed it discouraged the meme at its competitions.
  227. - An Overwatch player deletes a Pepe tweet. San Francisco Shock player Jay Won's follow-up after taking down a Pepe tweet on March 18th, 2018, saying he "had to delete" it. Two days later an Overwatch League spokesperson confirmed the league discouraged "symbols and imagery which are associated with or used by hate groups, including Pepe the Frog".
  228. - Matt Furie's talk at XOXO Festival. Speaking at the XOXO festival in Portland, Matt Furie discusses his work as an illustrator and cartoonist and what it was like to watch a character he drew as a joyful figure taken up by movements he opposed. He also describes the steps he took to reclaim it, including the litigation against Infowars. It is one of his fullest public accounts before the documentary appeared.
  229. - Jordan Peterson on polarisation and Pepe. A CBC interview in which Jordan Peterson is asked about political polarisation and about the online movements that adopted Pepe, and gives his own reading of why the symbol attached itself to them. The exchange is one example of the character entering mainstream broadcast argument about polarisation rather than internet culture coverage.
  230. - A TEDx talk asks whether Pepe is a hate symbol. A high-school student argues at TEDxYouth@GrandJunction that social media amplifies older patterns of group tribalism, and uses the fight over Pepe as his central example. The talk is a record of how the controversy was being taught and discussed outside internet-culture circles two years on.
  231. - Rare Pepe auction at the Rare Digital Art Festival. Footage from the New York festival where Rare Pepe trading cards, issued on the Counterparty layer built on Bitcoin, were put up for auction in January 2018. The card known as Homer Pepe sold there on 13 January 2018 for around $38,500, an early instance of a meme image trading as a collectible token.
  232. - Pepe Punch aimed at the viewer. A Pepe Punch example. The frog winds up a punch from the viewer's perspective, so the image reads as a punch thrown at whoever it is replying to.
  233. - Pepe Punch as a comment reply. One of the Pepe Punch examples collected in the record, of the kind posted in comment threads to imply punching the original poster.
  234. - Pepe Punch, captioned. A captioned Pepe Punch example. The variant pairs the Smug Frog face with the winding-up pose.
  235. - Anesthesia invented in 1846. The punching frog, arm blurred as it swings, under the caption 'Anesthesia: *Invented 1846* / Doctors in 1845:'.
  236. - Punching frog with a slipper. The frog lunging forward swinging a dark sandal overhead, under a caption about being told there is ice cream at home.
  237. - Frog facing a line-drawn baby. A white outline figure on the left reaches toward a green frog on the right, a bright burst between them on a purple background.
  238. - Glowing punch frog on black. The punching frog drawn large with a shimmering iridescent outline and a glowing eye, isolated on black.
  239. - Punch frog with a blue orb. The frog lunges from the right with a small glowing blue sphere at its mouth, radial white lines behind it.
  240. - Punching frog answering a gacha comment. A quoted exchange about liking a gacha game character sits above the frog mid-swing, with small labels on the frog itself.
  241. - Vibe check punch. The lunging frog with the words 'VIBE CHECK' hand-lettered across the top of the frame.
  242. - The 2020 coronavirus punch. The punching frog labelled '2020' on the body with a small 'coronavirus' tag on the raised fist.
  243. - Infowars files its answer in the Pepe lawsuit. A lawyer reads through the formal answer filed by Infowars to Matt Furie's copyright complaint over a poster that used the character. The walkthrough covers the defences raised and the difference between the answer from Infowars and the one expected from its parent company.
  244. - Pepe Punch on 4chan's /biz/. One of the earliest datable uses of Pepe Punch, posted to 4chan's business board on August 13th, 2018 with the caption "Yes, I hope you don't actually take /biz/ seriously. If you do, than this punch is for you."
  245. - Know Your Meme revisits Pepe. A short retrospective from Know Your Meme, made for a series marking the site's tenth anniversary, summarising the character's route from the comic to the imageboards to political symbol. It is the meme archive's own condensed account of the story it had documented as it happened.
  246. - Why the Infowars case was heading to trial. A copyright lawyer walks through Matt Furie's suit against Infowars over a poster using the character: the claims made, the defences raised and what a jury would have had to decide. It was recorded weeks before the case ended in a settlement.
  247. - The Infowars poster settlement explained. An artist-run commentary on the settlement of Matt Furie's copyright claim over posters that used his character, reported at the time as a $15,000 payment. It considers what the outcome meant for artists whose work is taken up and resold online.
  248. - TRT World on Pepe in the Hong Kong protests. A broadcast report on protesters in Hong Kong adopting Pepe for posters, stickers and banners during the 2019 pro-democracy demonstrations. The report notes that the character carried little of the political meaning attached to it in the United States for the people using it there.
  249. - Pepe as a Hong Kong protest icon. The South China Morning Post reports on the character's use in the 2019 protests, where it served both as an outlet for frustration with Beijing and as comic relief. The piece is explicit about the gap between that use and the meme's reputation in the West.
  250. - Pepe masks on the 8 December march. Footage shot on the 8 December 2019 march in Hong Kong showing demonstrators wearing Pepe masks alongside the pig mascot of LIHKG, the forum used to coordinate the protests. It is contemporaneous record rather than commentary, and shows the scale at which the character was being carried in the street.
  251. - Furie's lawsuit against Infowars settles. A short legal analysis of the June 2019 settlement in the Pepe copyright case, weighing what the result established for the artist and what it left undecided. It closes the litigation thread that had run since 2017.
  252. - Pepe graffiti on Hong Kong Island, 31 August 2019. Graffiti of Pepe the Frog photographed during the 31 August 2019 demonstration against the extradition bill on Hong Kong Island. In Hong Kong the character was used as a sympathetic protest mascot and carried none of the far-right associations attached to it in the United States.
  253. - Pepe in protest artwork, 15 September 2019. Pepe the Frog appears in artwork at the anti-extradition bill protest in Hong Kong on 15 September 2019.
  254. - A German account of Pepe's transformation. A German-language video essay tracing the character from Matt Furie's comic through imageboard culture to its use as a political symbol, sourced in its notes to Know Your Meme and to earlier English-language essays. It is a record of how the story travelled into other language markets by 2019.
  255. - Pepe graffiti with a liberty slogan, 6 October 2019. Street graffiti photographed in Hong Kong on 6 October 2019 pairs Pepe the Frog with the slogan 'Give me liberty, or give me death'.
  256. - From Boy's Club to symbol of hope and hate. A produced explainer tracing the character from the comic Boy's Club, about four roommates doing very little, through its adoption by political extremists and the Anti-Defamation League listing, to its later appearance in Hong Kong. It is one of the more carefully assembled overviews made before the documentary.
  257. - Pepe Punch, "Hello fed department". Pepe Punch posted to 4chan's /pol/ board on November 1st, 2019 captioned "Hello fed department", the reaction image used, as it usually is, to imply a punch thrown at whoever is reading.
  258. - "One Punch PEPE" on DeviantArt. An illustrated redraw of Pepe Punch uploaded to DeviantArt by user HWANKO on November 8th, 2019 under the title "One Punch PEPE".
  259. - Pepe Punch in r/MinecraftMemes. A Pepe Punch meme posted to the r/MinecraftMemes subreddit on December 7th, 2019, which gathered more than 6,500 upvotes. The variant had moved well beyond 4chan by this point.
  260. - Marchers in Pepe masks, 8 December 2019. Demonstrators wear Pepe the Frog masks during the 8 December 2019 march against the extradition bill in Hong Kong. Masks of the character were a recurring sight across the movement.
  261. - Crying Pepe mask on Human Rights Day, 8 December 2019. A protester wears a crying Pepe the Frog mask during the 8 December 2019 march in Hong Kong.
  262. - Pepe plush among seated protesters, 3 January 2020. Protesters sit during the 3 January 2020 demonstration in Hong Kong with a Pepe the Frog plush toy among them.
  263. - Pepe plush in a Santa suit, 12 January 2020. A Pepe the Frog plush toy dressed as Santa Claus, photographed at the 12 January 2020 demonstration in Hong Kong.
  264. - Pepe plush at a Hong Kong food stand. A Pepe the Frog plush toy sits at a street food stand in Hong Kong in January 2020. The file's capture time reads 26 January; Commons files the image under the demonstration of 27 January 2020.
  265. - Pepe beside a QR code, 1 May 2020. Pepe the Frog appears in street artwork alongside a QR code, photographed at the 1 May 2020 demonstration in Hong Kong.
  266. - Arthur Jones at the Sundance premiere. A short interview with director Arthur Jones about Feels Good Man, recorded around the film's Sundance Film Festival premiere, where it took a special jury prize. It is the earliest video record in this collection of the documentary meeting an audience.
  267. - Feels Good Man closing-night discussion in Dallas. A post-screening conversation with director Arthur Jones and producer Giorgio Angelini after the film closed a Dallas festival. The exchange covers how the documentary handles the character's journey and the communities that carried it.
  268. - Virginia Film Festival discussion of Feels Good Man. Director Arthur Jones and producer Giorgio Angelini in conversation with the media scholar Siva Vaidhyanathan, whose work is on the platforms that carried the meme. The pairing pushes the discussion past the film itself and onto how such images spread.
  269. - Live question and answer with Arthur Jones. A moderated session with writer and director Arthur Jones for a film-school audience, recorded on 22 October 2020, in which he talks through the making of the documentary. It is the longest single account by the director alone in this collection.
  270. - Cinematic Conversations: Feels Good Man. The Video Association of Dallas hosts a long-form conversation about Feels Good Man, the documentary on Matt Furie and Pepe the Frog. The discussion covers the making of the film and its run on PBS's Independent Lens, where it was streaming free at the time.
  271. - Garbage World, a scene from Feels Good Man. An animated excerpt from Feels Good Man. The documentary uses original animation drawn in Furie's visual idiom to dramatise the online spaces through which the character travelled.
  272. - Death of Pepe, a scene from Feels Good Man. A short excerpt from Feels Good Man covering the point at which Matt Furie killed off his own character in 2017, drawing Pepe laid out for burial. The sequence belongs to the film's account of Furie trying to take the character back.
  273. - Feels Good Man trailer. The trailer for Arthur Jones's documentary about Pepe the Frog and Matt Furie, released ahead of the film's September 2020 distribution. It sets out the film's frame: an artist trying to take back a character that had escaped him.
  274. - A critic's review of Feels Good Man. A short critical review of the documentary published around its streaming release, from an established film-criticism channel. It stands in for the film's reception, which ran well beyond internet-culture coverage.
  275. - A long interview with the makers of Feels Good Man. An extended conversation with director Arthur Jones and producer Giorgio Angelini about how the documentary was researched and put together, and about filming subjects drawn from online subcultures. At three hours it is the most detailed account of the film's production in this collection.
  276. - Where the crypto Pepe came from. A history of the Rare Pepe trading cards issued on Counterparty, a protocol layered on Bitcoin, and of how the character became a fixture in cryptocurrency communities. It is an origin account rather than a market discussion, and predates the token launches that later used the name.
  277. - Japanese trailer for Feels Good Man. The Japanese trailer for the documentary, released ahead of its theatrical run in Japan in March 2021. It records the film's distribution outside the English-speaking market, where the character's political history was far less familiar.
  278. - Animating Feels Good Man: Nicole Stafford's reel. Animator Nicole Stafford's reel of her contributions to Feels Good Man, including background art, animation and compositing on the film's funeral sequence. It shows how the documentary's hand-drawn passages were assembled.
  279. - Homer Pepe sells for 205 ETH. Peter Kell's Instagram post of February 27th, 2021 announcing he had sold the Homer Pepe card for 205 ETH, about $312,000, roughly eight times what he paid in 2018. He and the card had appeared in the 2020 documentary Feels Good Man.
  280. - Boy's Club, the comic Pepe came from. A Spanish-language reading of Boy's Club, the Matt Furie comic in which Pepe appears alongside his housemates Andy, Brett and Landwolf. It looks at the strip's slacker humour and at the panel that carried the line that later travelled without it.
  281. - Matt Furie on Islands of Coherence. Matt Furie is the guest on the Islands of Coherence podcast, talking about Boy's Club, Night Riders and his painting collection Mind Viscosity. The conversation stays largely with his drawing practice rather than the meme.
  282. - Matt Furie and the Feels Good Man team in conversation. A recorded post-screening discussion following a free Twitch showing of Feels Good Man, with Matt Furie, director Arthur Jones, producer Giorgio Angelini, streamer Trihex and reporter Taylor Lorenz. The session runs over five hours and ranges across the film, the comic and the character's life on Twitch.
  283. - Bernie Sanders mural defaced with a Pepe image. A news item on the defacement of a Bernie Sanders mural in Washington DC with a Pepe image, which police said they were investigating as a hate crime. It is an example of the character's continued political use years after the 2016 campaign.
  284. - Know Your Meme interviews the buyer of Homer Pepe. Know Your Meme sits down with Peter Kell, who bought the Rare Pepe card known as Homer Pepe and later resold it. Homer Pepe changed hands for about $38,500 at auction on 13 January 2018; Kell recounts the purchase and the later sale in his own words.
  285. - Rare Pepe exhibition at Narcissus Gallery. A recording from the Rare Pepe exhibition mounted by Narcissus Gallery with Vertical Crypto Art, which presented the Rare Pepe trading cards as a collaborative art project. The cards were issued on Counterparty, a token layer built on top of Bitcoin.
  286. - Rare Pepe cards go to auction at Sotheby's. A short film made when Rare Pepe cards were offered by a major auction house for the first time, with the collector known as TokenAngels consigning three cards to Sotheby's. The October 2021 sale included PEPENOPOULOS, which sold for $3.65m on 26 October 2021.
  287. - Pizza Skateboards' Matt Furie collaboration. Pizza Skateboards releases a board series drawn by Matt Furie. It is an example of the commercial illustration work Furie carried on alongside, and largely apart from, Pepe.
  288. - The story of Pepe on Twitch. theScore esports traces how Pepe became the base image for a large family of Twitch emotes, including the sad and smug variants that spread far beyond the message boards where they started. The video opens with its own warning about the character's association with hate speech and states that it does not endorse those uses.
  289. - Feels Good Man official trailer. The official trailer for Feels Good Man, directed by Arthur Jones, issued here by the distributor MUBI. The film follows Matt Furie as he tries to reclaim the character after it was taken up by the far right.
  290. - Joe Looney on building the Rare Pepe Wallet. Joe Looney, who built the Rare Pepe Wallet, talks through the trading-card project that grew on Counterparty from 2016 and the volunteer submission process behind it. It is a first-hand account of how the cards were issued, stored and traded.
  291. - Theo Goodman on the early Rare Pepe scene. Theo Goodman, one of the volunteers who vetted submissions to the Rare Pepe series, describes how he came to Bitcoin, the early Counterparty community and the cards he made himself. He also discusses the later Fake Rares series that grew out of it.
  292. - Pepe costume at the Pyrkon convention. A visitor to the Pyrkon convention wears a full Pepe the Frog costume in June 2022, more than fifteen years after the character first appeared in print.
  293. - How Pepe's reputation turned. A video essay on how a character drawn for an indie comic came to be treated as a hate symbol, and on the distance between that reputation and the way most people used the image. The Anti-Defamation League's listing has always carried the caveat, still on its entry, that the majority of uses of Pepe the Frog have been, and continue to be, non-bigoted.
  294. - Arthur Jones and Matt Furie on Feels Good Man. Director Arthur Jones and Matt Furie in conversation at DePaul University's Visiting Artists Series. They discuss how the documentary was made and Furie's effort to regain control of a character that had been taken up by the alt-right.
  295. - Pepe is Art exhibition tour. A walk through Scarce City's Pepe is Art exhibition, with interviews with several of the artists who contributed cards to the Rare Pepe series. The show presented the cards as a collaborative art project rather than a collection.
  296. - CoinDesk reports a surge in Pepe-branded tokens. CoinDesk reports a sharp rise in attention to tokens branded after Pepe, part of the memecoin wave of April 2023. The PEPE coin launched that month has no involvement from Matt Furie.
  297. - The history of Rare Pepes on The NFT Podcast. A podcast episode on the history and cultural significance of the Rare Pepe series, with guests from the collector community. It covers how the cards were issued on Counterparty and why the project is treated as a precursor to later digital-art work.
  298. - Feels Good Man filmmakers at UC Santa Barbara. Director Arthur Jones and producer Giorgio Angelini discuss Feels Good Man with a moderator from UC Santa Barbara. They talk about working with Matt Furie and about the political context in which the character was co-opted.
  299. - Matt Furie on the MC Lars podcast. Matt Furie talks to MC Lars about his book Mindviscosity, fatherhood and the music and places that shaped his drawing. The episode is a portrait of the artist away from the meme.
  300. - Lawyers on the Pepe the Frog copyright cases. WilmerHale's Louis Tompros and Stephanie Lin, who acted for Matt Furie, explain the copyright enforcement brought against unauthorised commercial uses of Pepe, including the action against Infowars. The episode is a practitioner's account of how an artist reasserted rights over a character that had escaped him.
  301. - Mindviscosity, Matt Furie's painting collection. A short look through Mindviscosity, Furie's collection of paintings of monsters, weirdos and anthropomorphic creatures. It shows the surreal painting practice that runs through his work well beyond Pepe.
  302. - Counterparty and Rare Pepes with Dan Anderson. Dan Anderson, an early Counterparty developer and collector, gives a long account of the first token experiments built on Bitcoin and of the Rare Pepe card series that grew out of them. The episode is a technical and cultural history rather than market commentary.

Full text archive: /loreline-text/pepe.md

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