Jacques Cousteau

A naval officer who failed to become a pilot because he broke both arms in a car crash in 1935, and who spent the rest of his life underwater instead. With Emile Gagnan, an engineer who had been adapting regulators to run cars on wood gas, Cousteau made breathing at depth ordinary. He then did something rarer: he made the sea legible to people who would never dive, through the Calypso, three Academy Awards including one for a fiction film about a goldfish, and a television series that invented the grammar every nature documentary still uses. The same man surveyed the seabed for oil companies, blew up a reef and killed sharks on camera for The Silent World, was accused by his own wartime superior of claiming credit for operations he had abandoned, and sued his son a year before he died. This archive carries the apparatus, the ships and habitats, the films and the series, the conservation campaigns that helped win the Antarctic mineral ban, and the criticism, without deciding for you which of these is the real one.

A chronological documentary of 555 moments spanning 1910–2026 on Loreline.

Curated by Olivier · last updated 2026-09-03

1. 1910 - A fin whale hauled up at an Icelandic whaling station, before 1910. A fin whale being hauled ashore at Ellefsen's whaling station in Mjoafjordur. Photograph made before July 1910.
2. 1910 - The front of the Oceanographic Museum of Monaco, 1910. The principal facade of the museum Cousteau would run for three decades. The image dates from the year of his birth.
3. 1910 - Maurice Fernez, inventor of the free-swimming diving mask. Maurice Fernez, whose surface-supplied mask and nose clip freed the diver from the helmet. Cousteau's first underwater experience in 1936 was through a pair of Fernez goggles lent to him by Philippe Tailliez.
4. 1912 - Maurice Fernez preparing to dive with his apparatus, 1912. Fernez, at left, readying his breathing device in 1912. The Fernez system supplied air from the surface through a hose, with no cylinder.
5. 1912 - Fernez demonstrating his breathing apparatus. Maurice Fernez preparing a public demonstration of his diving apparatus.
6. 1913 - The Oceanographic Museum of Monaco from the sea, 1913. The sea facade of the Oceanographic Museum of Monaco, founded by Prince Albert I. Cousteau was its director from 1957 to 1988.
7. 1913 - The cetacean hall of the Oceanographic Museum of Monaco, 1913. The whale skeleton gallery at Monaco, built from Prince Albert I's expeditions. Cousteau directed this institution from 1957 to 1988.
8. 1916 - Underwater filming for Universal, reported in 1916. A New York Tribune feature of 30 July 1916 on men filming beneath the sea. Underwater cinema existed well before Cousteau; what he brought was a portable air supply and a mass audience.
9. 1920 - Cadets of the Ecole navale on parade. Officer cadets of the French Naval Academy parading. Cousteau entered the school in 1930 and was commissioned as a gunnery officer in 1933.
10. 1920 - Officer cadets reviewed at the Ecole navale. Ecole navale cadets passed in review at Brest. Cousteau joined the school in 1930 and left the navy in 1949 as a capitaine de corvette, not a captain as is often written.
11. 1926 - Commandant Yves Le Prieur with his diving apparatus, 1926. Yves Le Prieur at the Tourelles swimming pool in August 1926. His set was genuinely self-contained but used constant flow, not a demand valve: air ran continuously and the diver worked a tap by hand, so dive times were very short. That distinction is what the Cousteau-Gagnan regulator resolved.
12. 1926 - The Fernez-Le Prieur diving apparatus at the Salon nautique, 1926. The Fernez-Le Prieur set shown at the Paris boat show in 1926. Fernez and Le Prieur patented a hand-controlled constant-flow regulator with a full face mask that year, seventeen years before the Aqua-Lung.
13. 1927 - Entrance to the Oceanographic Museum of Monaco, 1927. The museum entrance photographed in 1927, three decades before Cousteau took charge of it.
14. 1928 - An oxygen rescue helmet, 1928. A rescue oxygen helmet photographed for the press in 1928, part of the crowded field of French breathing apparatus that preceded the Aqua-Lung.
15. 1930 - The cruiser Jeanne d'Arc launched at Saint-Nazaire, 1930. The launch of the school cruiser Jeanne d'Arc on 14 February 1930. Cousteau entered the Ecole navale that year and made his world training cruise aboard her, filming with a camera he had bought as a teenager. Press photograph from the Agence Rol.
16. 1930 - The Jeanne d'Arc enters the water at Saint-Nazaire. A second press frame of the Jeanne d'Arc launch in February 1930.
17. 1930 - Emile Gagnan, the engineer who built the regulator. Emile Gagnan (1900-1979), the Air Liquide high-pressure gas engineer who miniaturised the demand regulator. He is routinely reduced to a footnote in the Cousteau story despite having built the mechanism.
18. 1930 - Standard diving dress in a naval museum. A complete set of standard diving dress at the Museum of the Polish Navy. Helmet, corselet, weighted boots and air line: the equipment that defined diving before 1943.
19. 1931 - A pneumatic chamber at the Le Bourget medical service, 1931. A pressure chamber used for aviation medicine at Le Bourget. Decompression physiology, developed for divers and airmen alike, is what set the depth limits Cousteau's teams worked against.
20. 1931 - Italian helmet divers Franceschi, Gianni and Bargellini, 1931. Three Italian helmet divers photographed in 1931. Heavy standard dress was still the professional norm when Cousteau began diving.
21. 1935 - The Jeanne d'Arc at Vancouver, 1935. The French school cruiser Jeanne d'Arc at Vancouver in January 1935. The ship carried each year's Ecole navale class around the world.
22. 1935 - The training cruiser Jeanne d'Arc in port. The Jeanne d'Arc alongside at Vancouver in January 1935. The annual world cruise took each Ecole navale class through the Pacific and the Far East.
23. 1940 - A US Navy Mark V diving helmet. A Mark V helmet by the Morse Diving Equipment Company, the standard US Navy hard-hat rig from 1916 into the 1980s. Dated to the object's service era, not to the modern photograph of it.
24. 1942 - Jacques-Yves Cousteau - Par 18 m de fond (1942). Par dix-huit metres de fond, shot in 1941 at the Embiez islands in the Var entirely on breath-hold, before the Aqua-Lung existed. Tailliez wrote the commentary, Dumas played the lead, and the waterproof camera housing was built by the engineer Leon Veche. It is the first French underwater film.
25. 1942 - A 1942 French diving apparatus. A wartime French diving set held by the departmental firefighters museum at Osny. Georges Commeinhes patented a working demand-valve scuba set in 1937 and 1942 and reached 53 metres, the strongest counter-example to Cousteau's claim of priority. He was killed at Strasbourg in 1944.
26. 1943 - Jacques-Yves Cousteau - Epaves (1943). Epaves, the first film shot with the Aqua-Lung. A screening for Admiral Lemonnier secured navy backing. French sources record that the 1942 and 1943 films were shot, in their phrase, under the surveillance and with the agreement of the Kriegsmarine.
27. 1943 - EPAVE (1943) - Jacques Yves Cousteau. Epave, 1943. The film exists because the Aqua-Lung had just been built, and it is the first demonstration of what the apparatus made possible on camera.
28. 1943 - Early Aqua Lung Prototypes in use by Cousteau. Archive film 33721. Archive film of early Aqua-Lung prototypes in use by Cousteau. The 1943 set paired a demand valve with compressed-air cylinders, giving the diver air only when he inhaled.
29. 1943 - The Cousteau-Gagnan Aqua-Lung, triple cylinder set. A surviving Cousteau-Gagnan Aqua-Lung with its triple cylinder set and box, originally sold as the scaphandre autonome. A modern museum photograph of a 1940s object, dated to the object.
30. 1943 - Aqua-Lung cylinder set and packaging, detail. A second view of a preserved Cousteau-Gagnan set. The demand valve was Emile Gagnan's miniaturisation, built in bakelite in 1942 to meter wood gas into car engines during the petrol requisition, not for diving.
31. 1943 - A Siebe Gorman set above a Cousteau-Gagnan Aqua-Lung. The British Siebe Gorman self-contained compressed air apparatus displayed above a Cousteau-Gagnan set. The comparison shows that the Aqua-Lung was one of several contemporaneous designs, not a solitary invention.
32. 1943 - The Cousteau-Gagnan regulator on display at Espalion. The demand valve of the scaphandre autonome invented by Cousteau and Emile Gagnan, exhibited at the Musee du Scaphandre in Espalion, Rouquayrol's home town. A museum record photograph of the 1940s device.
33. 1945 - US Navy underwater demolition team recovery, 1945. Recovery of an underwater demolition team swimmer by rubber boat. Wartime combat swimming, in France and America alike, ran in parallel with the development of autonomous diving. Public domain as a US federal work.
34. 1945 - A US Navy diver at the Washington diving school. Navy diver Harold Weisbrod at the Navy Diving School in Washington. Public domain as a US federal work. The precise year is not given in the source record.
35. 1945 - Student divers at the Deep Sea Diving School, Naval Gun Factory. Trainees at the US Navy Deep Sea Diving School in Washington. Public domain as a US federal work.
36. 1946 - Signing the International Convention for the Regulation of Whaling, 1946. The signing of the whaling convention in Washington on 2 December 1946, which created the International Whaling Commission. Public domain as a US federal work.
37. 1947 - EARLY JACQUES COUSTEAU FILM "SILENT LANDSCAPES" 1947 AQUA-LUNG DOCUMENTARY 61824. Silent Landscapes, an early Aqua-Lung documentary. Cousteau's filmography dates Paysages du silence to 1944 in some listings and 1947 in others.
38. 1947 - Jacques-Yves Cousteau - Paysages du Silence (1947). Paysages du silence. Cousteau's filmography dates the film to 1944 in some listings and 1947 in others; this print carries the later date.
39. 1947 - Underwater television camera controls aboard USS Coucal at Bikini, 1947. Control apparatus for an underwater television camera aboard the submarine rescue ship Coucal at Bikini Atoll on 23 August 1947, surveying the sunken test fleet. Public domain as a US federal work.
40. 1948 - The Mousquemers in 1948. Cousteau with the diving group later called the Mousquemers. Philippe Tailliez coined that name retroactively in 1975; it was not what the group called itself at the time, and there were four members including Leon Veche.
41. 1950 - Jacques Piroux and Dimitri Rebikoff, underwater archaeology, 1950s. Doctor Jacques Piroux and the engineer Dimitri Rebikoff, contemporaries of Cousteau working on underwater archaeology and imaging on the French coast.
42. 1950 - EARLY JACQUES COUSTEAU FILM A TOUR OF A REEF SHARKS 61814. An early Cousteau reef and shark film. Cousteau bought a cine camera as a teenager and filmed the Jeanne d'Arc world cruise in 1930-33, a decade before he could breathe underwater: he was a film-maker who learned to dive.
43. 1950 - Vintage scuba frogwoman running out of air, Hans Hass Movie. Vintage footage of Lotte Hass diving, from the Hans Hass films. She was among the first women to appear as an underwater performer on film.
44. 1950 - A frogman's self-contained diving set at Espalion. An early autonomous diving set displayed at the Musee du Scaphandre in Espalion. Museum photograph of a mid-century apparatus.
45. 1952 - " TEN FATHOMS DEEP " 1952 JACQUES-YVES COUSTEAU EARLY SCUBA DIVING FILM 20172. Ten Fathoms Deep, an early Cousteau scuba film from 1952, made in the years the Calypso was working oil survey contracts in the Persian Gulf.
46. 1952 - Hans Hass Under the Red Sea Orginal English Version (1952) Classic Full Movie. Under the Red Sea in full. Hass used rebreathers rather than the open-circuit demand valve, a genuinely different machine.
47. 1953 - A scuba diver photographing an amphora field, 1953. A diver in autonomous apparatus photographing amphorae at the Titan wreck in spring 1953. This is what the Aqua-Lung made possible: archaeology conducted by a swimming diver rather than a man in a helmet on an air line.
48. 1953 - Pottery from the Grand Congloue wreck, 210 to 180 BC. Tableware recovered from the Grand Congloue wreck off Marseille, dated 210 to 180 BC. The Calypso worked this site from 1952, an early and contested campaign: archaeologists later criticised the excavation's method and record-keeping.
49. 1953 - A helmet diver descending at Amsterdam, 1953. A diver in standard dress going into the water at the Rokin in Amsterdam on 14 April 1953. Helmet diving was still ordinary working practice while the Aqua-Lung was reaching the market.
50. 1954 - Amphorae from the wreck of the Titan, 1954. Amphorae recorded at the Titan wreck site in 1954. The Calypso's own excavation at Grand Congloue near Marseille, begun in 1952, was among the first underwater archaeology campaigns to use autonomous divers.
51. 1954 - Hans Hass: Under the Caribbean (English Version 1954). Under the Caribbean, Hans Hass, 1954, made while Cousteau was shooting The Silent World.
52. 1955 - (Extrait) LE MONDE DU SILENCE - Jacques-Yves Cousteau, Louis Malle - 1955. An extract from Le Monde du silence credited to both Cousteau and Louis Malle, dated to the 1955 shoot.
53. 1955 - Diagram of a twin-hose aqualung. A rendering of the classic twin-hose aqualung layout, with cylinders on a backplate and the regulator at the neck. Public domain.
54. 1956 - Polémique Cousteau/Malle - Le monde du silence (1956). On the Cousteau and Malle dispute over Le Monde du silence. Malle's co-direction credit is routinely dropped when the film is described as Cousteau's.
55. 1956 - Le Monde du silence
56. 1956 - Jacques Cousteau = Žak Kusto 1956. godine : ,,Le Monde du silence = Svet tišine." Francuski zvuk.. Le Monde du silence with Serbian subtitles, evidence of how widely the film travelled after Cannes.
57. 1956 - The Silent World (english,720p). The Silent World at 720p. The film was shot over roughly two years across the Mediterranean, Red Sea, Persian Gulf and Indian Ocean on about 25,000 metres of Eastmancolor stock.
58. 1956 - Cousteau's Silent World: Shipwreck Excerpt. A shipwreck excerpt from The Silent World, showing the wreck diving that first made the team's reputation.
59. 1956 - Le Monde Du Silence (English dubbing ) Jacques Cousteau-Made in 1955 and first released in may 1956.. The Silent World in its English dub, as released in the United States by Columbia Pictures in September 1956 at 86 minutes.
60. 1956 - Silent World UW Filming. On the underwater filming methods used for The Silent World, shot on Eastmancolor over roughly two years.
61. 1956 - The Silent World of Jacques Cousteau - 1080p Best Quality - (Le Monde du silence) - 1956. Le Monde du silence, the feature shot aboard the Calypso in 1954 and 1955. It took the Palme d'Or at Cannes in May 1956 and the Academy Award for Best Documentary Feature in 1957. Louis Malle, then 22, served as cameraman and is credited as co-director; this was his first feature.
62. 1956 - The Silent World, 1956 (oceanographer Jacques-Yves Cousteau). The Silent World. The book of the same title, written with Frederic Dumas and the American writer James Dugan, appeared in 1953 and is a separate work about the Elie Monnier campaigns.
63. 1956 - Jacques Cousteau à propos du Monde du Silence - 1956. Cousteau speaking about Le Monde du silence in 1956, the year of its release.
64. 1956 - Jacques Cousteau - The Silent World (Trailer to feel the spirit). A trailer cut for The Silent World. The film earned roughly three million dollars in US theatrical rentals.
65. 1956 - The Silent World: Jacques Cousteau 1956. The Silent World, 1956. The narration frames the shark killings as vengeance against what it calls the sailor's ancestral enemy.
66. 1956 - The Silent World 1956. Jacques Cousteau. FULL HD 1080P. Original movie. Le monde du silence.. The Silent World in a restored 1080p transfer. The film contains the dynamiting of a coral reef presented as a fish census, and the sequence in which the crew kill sharks with axes and gaffs after a whale calf is struck by the Calypso's propeller.
67. 1958 - Dunlop Aquafort swim fins, 1956 to 1962. Swim fins made by Dunlop between 1956 and 1962. A record photograph of the period object.
68. 1959 - The diving saucer Denise presented at Marseille, 1959. The SP-350 Denise, Cousteau's two-man diving saucer, presented in the port of Marseille in July 1959. Press photograph from the Dutch national archive.
69. 1959 - Cousteau's diving saucer SP-350 Denise. The SP-350 Denise, named soucoupe plongeante for its shape and 350 for its maximum depth in metres. A US Navy photograph, public domain as a federal work.
70. 1959 - The Golden Fish / Histoire d'un poisson rouge (1959 French Short Film). The Golden Fish, 1959. Counts that credit Cousteau with two Oscars, both for documentaries, are wrong on both halves: there were three, and this one is a short fiction film.
71. 1959 - Histoire d'un poisson rouge (Edmond Séchan, 1959). Histoire d'un poisson rouge, directed by Edmond Sechan and produced by Cousteau, winner of Best Live Action Short Subject at the 1960 Academy Awards.
72. 1959 - 16mm Film - Histoire d'un poisson rouge - The Golden Fish - F 1959. Histoire d'un poisson rouge scanned from a 16mm print. English Wikipedia's main Cousteau article lists only The Silent World and buries this award in a filmography table.
73. 1959 - The Golden Fish / Histoire d'un poisson rouge (1959 French Short Film) Public Domain Movies. Histoire d'un poisson rouge, or The Golden Fish, directed by Edmond Sechan and produced by Cousteau. It won Best Live Action Short Subject at the 32nd Academy Awards in 1960. It is a work of fiction about a boy, a goldfish and a cat, and it is the Cousteau Oscar that is almost always left out of the count.
74. 1959 - Louis Malle in 1959. Louis Malle, who co-directed The Silent World with Cousteau and shared its 1956 Palme d'Or and 1957 Academy Award. Malle was 23 at the time and went on to a major directing career of his own.
75. 1960 - An underwater photographer with a Mitchell Monitor 16mm camera. A diver operating a housed Mitchell Monitor 16mm camera off California. This is the class of rig The Silent World and World Without Sun were shot on. Public domain as a US federal work; the exact year is not given.
76. 1960 - A Bell and Howell 70-KMR 16mm camera. A Bell and Howell 70-KMR, the spring-driven 16mm design that dominated field documentary work for decades. A record photograph of the mid-century camera.
77. 1960 - Decompression chambers at the Imperia naval museum. Recompression chambers held by the Museo Navale di Imperia. A modern photograph of mid-century equipment, dated to the objects.
78. 1960 - A La Spirotechnique trade card. A business card of La Spirotechnique, the Air Liquide subsidiary set up in 1946 to manufacture the Aqua-Lung. French sources report Cousteau drew a royalty of about five per cent on sales, which is where the money for the expeditions began.
79. 1960 - A two-stage twin-hose demand valve. A Draeger twin-hose two-stage demand valve. The twin-hose layout, with the regulator behind the head, is the configuration Gagnan's design established and which held until single-hose sets displaced it.
80. 1960 - The duckbill exhaust valve of a twin-hose regulator. A rubber duckbill exhaust valve. Placing the exhaust level with the diaphragm was the fix that made the 1943 prototype work: at first intake and exhaust sat at different depths, so the regulator free-flowed or starved depending on the diver's posture.
81. 1961 - President Kennedy awards Cousteau the National Geographic gold medal, 1961. John F. Kennedy presenting the National Geographic Society gold medal to Cousteau, then director of the Oceanographic Museum of Monaco. A White House photograph, public domain as a US federal work.
82. 1961 - The Kennedy medal ceremony on the steps of the White House, 1961. A second frame from the April 1961 gold medal presentation. The award marked Cousteau's arrival as a public figure in the United States, five years before the television series began.
83. 1961 - The bathyscaphe Archimede preserved at Cherbourg. The French bathyscaphe Archimede, launched in 1961, now at the Cite de la Mer in Cherbourg. Dated to the vessel, which is a museum object photographed as a record.
84. 1961 - April 19, 1961 - President John F. Kennedy's Remarks to Jacques Yves Cousteau in the Rose Garden. President Kennedy's remarks to Jacques Cousteau in the Rose Garden on 19 April 1961.
85. 1962 - Diogenes, the Conshelf I habitat, 1962. The habitat Diogenes of Cousteau's Conshelf I, in which two men lived at 10 metres off Marseille for a week in 1962, the first sustained attempt at human habitation of the sea floor.
86. 1963 - Starfish House, Conshelf II in the Red Sea, 1963. The Starfish House of Precontinent II, set on a reef at Shab Rumi in Sudan in 1963. The programme was part-funded by the French petrochemical industry.
87. 1963 - The Deep Cabin of Conshelf II. The deep cabin of Precontinent II, occupied at 25 metres. The Red Sea station produced the film World Without Sun, which won the Academy Award for documentary feature.
88. 1963 - The submarine garage of Conshelf II. The underwater hangar built for the diving saucer at Precontinent II, Shab Rumi.
89. 1963 - The remains of the Conshelf II garage on the Sudanese reef. The surviving submarine garage of Precontinent II at Shab Rumi, still standing on the reef and now a dive site. A 2017 photograph of the 1963 structure.
90. 1963 - Underneath the Conshelf II hangar. The underside of the Precontinent II submarine hangar, photographed on the Sudanese reef where it was left in 1963.
91. 1963 - Inside the Conshelf II hangar today. The interior of the Precontinent II hangar at Shab Rumi. A modern photograph of the 1963 structure, which remains in place.
92. 1963 - The tool shed of Conshelf II. The equipment shed of Precontinent II on the reef at Shab Rumi. The Sudanese station remains in place and is now dived as a wreck site.
93. 1963 - Remains of the Conshelf II tool shed. What is left of the Precontinent II tool shed at Shab Rumi, six decades after the station was occupied.
94. 1963 - The Calypso 35mm underwater camera. The Calypso camera, designed by Jean de Wouters for Cousteau's team and sold by La Spirotechnique from 1961. Nikon bought the design and developed it into the Nikonos. Museum photograph of the 1960s camera.
95. 1963 - The Calypso camera opened, showing shell and mechanism. The Calypso camera dismantled into shell, mechanism plate and lens. Its sealed body made underwater photography possible without a housing.
96. 1963 - A Calypso underwater camera. A Calypso camera, the instrument that put the Cousteau team's underwater stills into the world's magazines.
97. 1964 - Jacques Picard and the diving saucer SP-350, 1964. Jacques Picard taking a sample with the manipulator arm of the SP-350 Denise during a Calypso mission in the Aegean in 1964.
98. 1964 - Les océanautes: le commandant Cousteau - 1964. Les oceanautes, a 1964 French film on the Precontinent programme and the men who lived in the habitats.
99. 1964 - The Cousteau Collection - World Without Sun - Trailer. A trailer for World Without Sun from the Cousteau Collection reissue.
100. 1964 - World Without Sun (French: Le Monde sans soleil) 1964 - by Jacques Cousteau. Le Monde sans soleil, the film of the Precontinent II habitat on the Sha'ab Rumi reef off Sudan. It won the Academy Award for Best Documentary Feature at the 37th Academy Awards in 1965, Cousteau's second Oscar.
101. 1964 - Serge Baudo - Le Monde Sans Soleil (World without Sun - 1964). Serge Baudo conducting the score for Le Monde sans soleil.
102. 1964 - Jacques Cousteau - World Without Sun - 1964. World Without Sun, 1964. The habitat it documents was partly funded by the French petrochemical industry, which wanted to know whether men could work on the continental shelf.
103. 1964 - Le monde sans soleil: The parrot. The parrot sequence from Le Monde sans soleil. The bird lived in the habitat with the oceanauts.
104. 1964 - A World Without Sun (1964). A World Without Sun. The Starfish House sat at 10 metres with six oceanauts for thirty days, with a deep cabin at roughly 25 to 30 metres on a helium mixture.
105. 1964 - A towed underwater camera and magnetometer, US Navy. The Fish, an underwater camera and magnetometer rig towed behind a search vessel. Public domain as a US federal work.
106. 1964 - A 1964 US Divers reserve cylinder valve. A US Divers type J cylinder valve with reserve. US Divers was the American arm of the Aqua-Lung business, which made the apparatus a consumer product in the United States. A record photograph of the 1964 object.
107. 1965 - Oceanic research with the Cousteau Diving Saucer (1965). Oceanographic research with the Cousteau diving saucer, 1965. It is the machine that made mid-depth filming possible.
108. 1965 - Diving Saucer Cousteau - 1965 Oceanographic Research - CharlieDeanArchives / Archival Footage. Archive footage of the diving saucer in oceanographic research in 1965. The SP-350 Denise entered service in 1959, a two-man lenticular submersible with water-jet propulsion rated to 350 metres, designed with Jean Mollard.

…375 further moments continue the chronology here. Full text archive: /loreline-text/jacques-cousteau.md

484. 1965 - Conshelf III, the 100-metre habitat, 1965. Precontinent III, occupied by six men at about 100 metres off Cap Ferrat in 1965. Its headline demonstration was servicing an oil wellhead at that depth, work carried out for the offshore industry.
485. 1965 - A Beaulieu R16 16mm camera. The French Beaulieu R16, a compact 16mm reflex camera of the type used for documentary work in the 1960s and 1970s. Museum-style record photograph of the camera.
486. 1965 - Cressi-sub Rondine fins of the 1960s. Cressi-sub Rondine Brevettata fins from the 1960s. Fins, mask and snorkel were the equipment the Mousquemers had before the Aqua-Lung existed.
487. 1965 - A twin-cylinder set with twin-hose regulator. A twin seven-litre cylinder set rigged with a twin-hose regulator and harness, the standard configuration of the Aqua-Lung era.
488. 1966 - The Undersea World of Jacques Cousteau - E00 - Conshelf Adventure - Documentary. Conshelf Adventure, the series opener, in a second print. Films made before 1968 were folded into the series retroactively, which is why episode counts never agree.
489. 1966 - E0 Conshelf Adventure - The Undersea World Of Jacques Cousteau - 15 September 1966. Conshelf Adventure, broadcast 15 September 1966. Made for television about Precontinent III, it became the first episode of The Undersea World of Jacques Cousteau. Films made before 1968 were folded into the series retroactively, which is why episode counts and dates never agree between sources.
490. 1966 - Conshelf Adventure, Episode 1 of 37, Jacques Cousteau Odyssey. The real Life Aquatic. Conshelf Adventure as episode one, the film of Precontinent III made for television in 1966.
491. 1966 - The Anorep I two-seat submarine, 1966. The Anorep I, a two-man submarine used by Cousteau's team from 1966, preserved at the Oceanographic Museum of Monaco which Cousteau directed from 1957 to 1988. A modern photograph of the 1966 vessel.
492. 1966 - Anorep I on display in Monaco. The Anorep I submersible, part of the fleet of small craft the Cousteau team built to work below the reach of divers.
493. 1966 - (32) La Collection COUSTEAU - L'aventure Précontinent (Précontinent III) (1966). L'aventure Precontinent, the film of Precontinent III. Six oceanauts including Philippe Cousteau lived three weeks in a steel sphere at 100 metres off Saint-Jean-Cap-Ferrat on a helium-oxygen mixture. It was made for television and became the first episode of the Undersea World series.
494. 1967 - La Collection Cousteau 69/90 - Les requins (1967). Les requins, 1967. Sharks were the subject Cousteau returned to most often, and his early treatment of them is the part of the work that has aged worst.
495. 1967 - Cousteau with Soviet oceanographer Vsevolod Timonov. Cousteau and the Soviet oceanographer Vsevolod Timonov, photographed in France in the second half of the 1960s. Dated to the depicted period, not the 2024 upload.
496. 1968 - Sharks, Episode 2 of 37, Jacques Cousteau Odyssey: The real Life Aquatic. Sharks, an early episode. Cousteau's treatment of sharks is the part of the work that has aged worst.
497. 1968 - E3 Search In The Deep - The Undersea World Of Jacques Cousteau - 15 April 1968. Search in the Deep, broadcast 15 April 1968. English sources generally date the US premiere of the ABC run to 1968 while French Wikipedia dates the first broadcast to 1966.
498. 1968 - The Undersea World of Jacques Cousteau - E02 - Savage World of the Coral Jungle - Documentary. Savage World of the Coral Jungle. The title register is characteristic of the ABC run and later drew criticism.
499. 1968 - The Undersea World of Jacques Cousteau - E01 - Sharks - Documentary. Sharks, an early episode of The Undersea World. The series ran from 1968 to 1976 on ABC in the United States and made Cousteau a Sunday-evening fixture.
500. 1968 - The Undersea World Of Jacques Cousteau - Search In The Deep of the Oceans. Search in the Deep, on the submersibles the team designed and built.
501. 1968 - Search in the Deep, Episode 4 of 37, Jacques Cousteau Odyssey. Submarines. The real Life Aquatic. Search in the Deep, on the diving saucer and the submarines, broadcast April 1968.
502. 1968 - Savage World of the Coral Jungle, Episode 3 of 37, Jacques Cousteau Odyssey. The real Life Aquatic. Savage World of the Coral Jungle, from the 1968 run. The reef films are where the series established its visual signature.
503. 1968 - The Undersea World of Jacques Cousteau: Whales (1968). Whales, from the 1968 run. The series ran on ABC in the United States and made Cousteau a Sunday-evening fixture.
504. 1968 - The Undersea World of Jacques Cousteau 04of18 Whales. Whales, from The Undersea World of Jacques Cousteau.
505. 1968 - The Helgoland underwater research station at Kiel, 1968. The 20-tonne Helgoland underwater laboratory on the Sartorikai at Kiel in September 1968, built for marine biology in cold northern water. Cousteau's Precontinent programme set the pattern these stations followed.
506. 1969 - The Helgoland laboratory ashore. The German underwater laboratory Helgoland, in service from 1972 to 1981. The uploader dates the photograph to about 1969 or 1970 and is not certain, so the year is approximate.
507. 1969 - Sunken Treasure, Episode 7 of 37, Jacques Cousteau Odyssey. The real Life Aquatic. Sunken Treasure, on wreck diving and salvage.
508. 1969 - VHS Planète Cousteau - La Légende du Lac Titicaca - La grande aventure de la Mer VHS. La legende du lac Titicaca, recorded from a Planete Cousteau VHS release, the French home-video edition of the series.
509. 1969 - Legend of Lake Titicaca, Episode 8 of 37, Jacques Cousteau Odyssey. The real Life Aquatic. Legend of Lake Titicaca, filmed at altitude in the Andes, one of the series' few freshwater expeditions.
510. 1969 - The Tektite underwater laboratory, 1969. The Tektite habitat in the US Virgin Islands, home to divers during the Tektite I and II programmes. American undersea habitats of the late 1960s followed directly from Cousteau's Conshelf experiments.
511. 1969 - E7 The Legend Of Lake Titicaca - The Undersea World Of Jacques Cousteau - 24 April 1969. The Legend of Lake Titicaca, broadcast 24 April 1969. The production company was Les Requins Associes, and episodes ran fifty minutes in 4:3 and mono.
512. 1970 - Jacques Cousteau on the Potomac River. Cousteau on the Potomac River. By the 1970s he was campaigning on American fresh water as well as the oceans, using the audience the television series had built.
513. 1970 - #retrojeudi octobre 1970 Jacques-Yves Cousteau à Vancouver. Cousteau at Vancouver in October 1970, from the Radio-Canada archive.
514. 1970 - A Dakota aircraft wreck off southern Corsica, 1970. The wreck of a Dakota at fifteen metres off southern Corsica, photographed in 1970. Dated to the dive, not to the upload.
515. 1970 - Extrait archives M6 Video Bank // Environnement - Commandant Cousteau - RTL- 1970. A 1970 French broadcast archive of Cousteau on the environment, recorded while the Calypso was still taking industrial survey contracts.
516. 1970 - A la découverte de la mer avec le Commandant Cousteau Archive INA. A long French archive programme, discovering the sea with Commandant Cousteau.
517. 1970 - Those Incredible Diving Machines, Episode 12 of 37, Jacques Cousteau Odyssey. The real Life Aquatic. Those Incredible Diving Machines, the episode on the team's own engineering.
518. 1970 - Tragedy of the Red Salmon, Episode 14 of 37, Jacques Cousteau Odyssey. The real Life Aquatic. Tragedy of the Red Salmon, on the collapse of the Alaskan salmon runs, one of the earliest openly environmental episodes.
519. 1970 - E10 Return Of The Sea Elephants - The Undersea World Of Jacques Cousteau - 8 February 1970. Return of the Sea Elephants, broadcast 8 February 1970, filmed on the elephant seal rookeries.
520. 1970 - (Doc) L'odyssée Sous - Marine de l'équipe Cousteau "Le Retour Des Eléphants De Mer [1990]. Le retour des elephants de mer, the French edit of the episode.
521. 1970 - The Water Planet, Episode 13 of 37, Jacques Cousteau Odyssey. The real Life Aquatic. The Water Planet, a survey episode setting the ocean in a planetary frame.
522. 1970 - Lagoon of Lost Ships, Episode 15 of 37, Jacques Cousteau Odyssey. The real Life Aquatic. Lagoon of Lost Ships, on a lagoon full of wrecks.
523. 1970 - L’Odyssée sous-marine: la tragédie des saumons rouges "salmoni rossi, Alaska/USA". La tragedie des saumons rouges, the French cut of Tragedy of the Red Salmon.
524. 1970 - VHS Planète Cousteau - Ces incroyables machines plongeantes. Ces incroyables machines plongeantes, the French edit of Those Incredible Diving Machines, from a VHS release.
525. 1970 - E12 The Water Planet The Undersea World Of Jacques Cousteau - 28 March 1970. The Water Planet, broadcast 28 March 1970, a survey episode setting the ocean in a planetary frame.
526. 1970 - The Undersea World of Jacques Cousteau - E14 - Lagoon of Lost Ships - Documentary. Lagoon of Lost Ships, from The Undersea World series.
527. 1970 - E9 The Night Of The Squid - The Undersea World Of Jacques Cousteau - 16 January 1970. The Night of the Squid, broadcast 16 January 1970, on squid filmed at night.
528. 1970 - E13 Tragedy of the Red Salmon - The Undersea World Of Jacques Cousteau - 24 November 1970. Tragedy of the Red Salmon, broadcast 24 November 1970, on the Alaskan salmon runs.
529. 1970 - Return of the Sea Elephants, Episode 11 of 37, Jacques Cousteau Odyssey. The real Life Aquatic. Return of the Sea Elephants, filmed on the elephant seal rookeries.
530. 1970 - 1970 "Tragedy of the Red Salmon" episode of The Undersea World of Jacques Cousteau. Tragedy of the Red Salmon, the 1970 episode on the collapse of the Alaskan salmon.
531. 1970 - E11 Those Incredible Diving Machines - The Undersea World Of Jacques Cousteau - 10 March 1970. Those Incredible Diving Machines, broadcast 10 March 1970, on the saucer and the submersibles the team built.
532. 1970 - (15) La Collection COUSTEAU - Le lagon des navires perdus (1970) - L’énigme du Britannic (1977). Le lagon des navires perdus, 1970, paired with L'enigme du Britannic, 1977.
533. 1970 - A Thomson Eclair studio television camera. A Thomson Eclair studio camera preserved at the Musee d'Aquitaine, representative of French broadcast equipment in the decade Cousteau's series reached its largest audience. A museum record photograph of the period camera.
534. 1970 - A French Thomson Eclair studio camera, rear view. A second view of a Thomson Eclair studio camera at the Musee d'Aquitaine. A museum record photograph of the period equipment.
535. 1970 - An Aquamatic underwater camera by La Spirotechnique. An Aquamatic camera made by La Spirotechnique in the 1970s, a successor to the Calypso design.
536. 1970 - Line drawing of an aqualung and its parts. A labelled line drawing of an aqualung showing hose, mouthpiece, valve, harness, backplate and tank. Public domain.
537. 1971 - E17 The Unsinkable Sea Otter - The Undersea World Of Jacques Cousteau - 26 September 1971. The Unsinkable Sea Otter, broadcast 26 September 1971, on the recovering North Pacific otter populations.
538. 1971 - (31) La Collection COUSTEAU - Le sort des Loutres de mer (1971). Le sort des loutres de mer, 1971, on the sea otters of the North Pacific.
539. 1971 - VHS Planète Cousteau - Le sort des Loutres de Mer - La Grande Aventure de la Mer. Le sort des loutres de mer, from a Planete Cousteau VHS release.
540. 1971 - E15 The Dragons of Galapagos - The Undersea World Of Jacques Cousteau - 24 February 1971. The Dragons of Galapagos, broadcast 24 February 1971, on the marine iguanas.
541. 1971 - Secrets of the Sunken Caves, Episode 17 of 37, Jacques Cousteau Odyssey. The real Life Aquatic. Secrets of the Sunken Caves, on cave diving, among the most technically dangerous filming the team did.
542. 1972 - Jan and Philippe Cousteau on expedition, 1972. Jan Cousteau with her husband Philippe during an expedition in July 1972.
543. 1972 - La Calypso a heurté un iceberg Archive INA. A French television archive report that the Calypso struck an iceberg. She was a wooden-hulled vessel built as a minesweeper, and the Antarctic campaigns pushed her well beyond what she was designed for.
544. 1972 - Octopus, Octopus. Episode 20 of 37, Jacques Cousteau Odyssey. The real Life Aquatic. Octopus, Octopus, one of the series' single-species episodes.
545. 1972 - E20 A Sound of Dolphins - The Undersea World Of Jacques Cousteau - 25 February 1972. A Sound of Dolphins, broadcast 25 February 1972.
546. 1972 - The Undersea World of Jacques Cousteau - Hippo. Hippo, filmed in East Africa, one of the freshwater expeditions.
547. 1972 - The Undersea World of Jacques Cousteau - The Smile of the Walrus. The Smile of the Walrus, filmed in the Arctic.
548. 1972 - Hippo! Episode 24 of 37, Jacques Cousteau Odyssey. The real Life Aquatic. Hippo, from the Undersea World series.
549. 1972 - L' odyssée Sous - Marine, Le destin des tortues de mer, documentary. Le destin des tortues de mer, from the French edit of the series. The television years contain material now indefensible by present norms, including riding and handling turtles for shots.
550. 1972 - (Doc) L' odyssée Sous - Marine De L'équipe Cousteau - Hippo Hippo.. [1990]. Hippo, in the French edit of the Undersea World series.
551. 1972 - Jacques Cousteau in The Hague, 1972. Cousteau photographed at a conference in The Hague in March 1972, at the height of the Undersea World television series. From the Dutch national photo agency Anefo, released without restriction.
552. 1973 - Map of the Calypso's voyages, 1951 to 1973. A chart of the routes sailed by the Calypso for the Cousteau team between 1951 and 1973. The early voyages included Persian Gulf oil prospection, which paid off the ship's refit debts.
553. 1973 - Cousteau briefing the press after the Antarctic expedition, 1973. Cousteau addressing reporters about the Calypso's Antarctic voyage. A NASA-held press photograph, public domain as a US federal work.
554. 1973 - (26) La Collection COUSTEAU - 500 millions d'années sous la mer (1973). 500 millions d'annees sous la mer, 1973, a survey of marine evolution.
555. 1973 - E25 Antarctic Part I - South to Fire and Ice - The Undersea World Of Jacques Cousteau - 29.11.1973. Antarctic Part One, South to Fire and Ice. The Antarctic block came out of the expedition on which Michel Laval, the Calypso's second in command, was killed by a helicopter tail rotor on Deception Island.

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