# Bodybuilding

> A chronological documentary of 1,066 moments spanning 1830–2026.
> Source: https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding · Loreline (loreline.live)

A sport that began as music-hall entertainment and became an argument about what a body is for. Eugen Sandow turned strongman lifting into muscle display in the 1890s and sold the look as health; Bernarr Macfadden sold it as a moral cause; Charles Atlas sold it by post. Meanwhile India had akhara wrestlers and Iran the zurkhaneh, strength traditions far older than any of it, and Monotosh Roy and Manohar Aich were winning Mr Universe titles in London in the early 1950s. Women built their own sport from November 1977 and had it absorbed, then spent forty years being told by rule changes to be smaller. Anabolic steroids arrived from a Swiss laboratory in 1955 and the sport has never resolved what to say about them, which is why this archive covers the autopsies as carefully as the trophies. It runs from Victorian physical culture to the 2026 Olympia, and about half of it is not American.

_Curated by Olivier · last updated 2026-09-03._

## Eras

- **Older Traditions**, Strength cultures that predate the sport and were never derived from it. The Indian akhara and pehlwani wrestling, with its earth pits, mace swinging and dand and bethak, and the Great Gama. The Iranian zurkhaneh, the house of strength, where varzesh-e bastani is performed to a drum and a recited text, and Gholamreza Takhti. Japanese chikaraishi stone lifting and sumo. These sit at the front of the archive rather than in an appendix, because the Western story of physical culture borrowed from them and then forgot it had.
- **Training and Science**, What is actually known about building muscle, as opposed to what the magazines sold. Hypertrophy research, volume and intensity, the high-intensity argument Mike Mentzer made and Arthur Jones marketed with Nautilus, nutrition and the supplement industry that grew out of it. Note that Weider settled with the FTC in 1985 for a minimum of four hundred thousand dollars over claims made for Anabolic Mega-Pak, which is a regulator's finding and not a rival's accusation.
- **Women**, A sport women built and then had taken over. The first official contest was the Ohio Regional Women's Physique Championship in Canton, Ohio, in November 1977, organised by Henry McGhee and won by Gina LaSpina, judged on bodybuilding rather than beauty criteria. Doris Barrilleaux founded the SPA in 1978, the first women's bodybuilding organisation run by and for women, and McGhee's USWPA followed. The Ms. Olympia arrived in 1980 and absorbed all of it. Then came four decades of rules aimed at size: the 1992 IFBB guidance that competitors should not be too big, and a 2004 memo asking female athletes to reduce muscularity by roughly a fifth for aesthetics and health. No male equivalent has ever existed. Rachel McLish, Bev Francis, Cory Everson, Lenda Murray, Kim Chizevsky, and the divisions invented to catch the women judged too muscular for the last one.
- **Physical Culture**, The Victorian and Edwardian strongman economy, which was show business before it was sport. Eugen Sandow, born Friedrich Wilhelm Mueller in Koenigsberg, brought to America by Florenz Ziegfeld for the 1893 Columbian Exposition, where the act shifted from lifting weights to displaying muscle. His 1901 Royal Albert Hall Great Competition was the first major physique contest, though regional heats preceded it, and his published measurements were promotional. The American first is usually left out: Madison Square Garden, 28 December 1903 to 2 January 1904, run by Bernarr Macfadden and won by Al Treloar for a thousand dollars. Also Louis Cyr, Arthur Saxon, Professor Attila, Hippolyte Triat, Charles Atlas, and the Edison films that are the earliest moving pictures of any of it.
- **On Screen and In Print**, How the sport reached people who never entered a gym. The Weider magazines, which are simultaneously the best-documented and least neutral source in this field. Pumping Iron in 1977, which made Arnold famous and which its own director described as partly constructed. Hercules and the peplum cycle, Conan, talk-show appearances, the home-video market where retired competitors made a living, and the internet era that replaced all of it.
- **Around the World**, The largest segment here, because the sport is not American and the English-language search surface hides that. India, where Monotosh Roy took a NABBA Mr Universe title in the Group III amateur class in 1951 and Manohar Aich in the professional short class in 1952, and where Roy went on to found the Indian Bodybuilding Federation. Egypt, Iran, Kuwait, Nigeria, Ghana, Brazil, Mexico, Japan, Korea, Russia, Senegal and the Philippines. Much of this segment came from federations posting their own national championships, which no keyword search in English would ever surface.
- **Contests**, The competition itself, from the first Mr. Olympia in 1965 to now. Larry Scott, Sergio Oliva, Arnold Schwarzenegger, Frank Zane, Lee Haney, Dorian Yates, Ronnie Coleman with eight consecutive titles, Jay Cutler, Phil Heath, and the recent run in which most champions were born outside the United States. Note the asterisk that matters: Arnold's 1971 win came with Sergio Oliva banned for competing at a rival NABBA event, which is a firmer objection than anything about 1980. Judging, posing, prize money, and the promoters who owned the federation and the magazines simultaneously.
- **Gyms**, Where the training actually happened. Muscle Beach in Santa Monica, which was a 1934 WPA New Deal installation and not a private venture, and its Venice successor; Gold's Gym; the York Barbell club and Bob Hoffman's operation, which was a magazine, a barbell company and a team at once. Also the equipment itself, the ordinary commercial gym as it spread worldwide, and the training culture of the 1960s and 1970s that the Weider magazines packaged and sold.
- **Drugs and the Body**, Handled evidence-led, and deliberately restrictive. Metandienone was first described in 1955 and synthesised by researchers at CIBA in Basel, marketed as Dianabol from 1958; John Ziegler introduced it to American athletes but did not create it, and his account of Vienna in 1954 is his own later recollection. Documented early use includes Sid Gillman giving it to the San Diego Chargers from 1963. Then the 1990 Anabolic Steroid Control Act, which both the AMA and the DEA opposed; the WBF of 1990 to 1992, which claimed testing without testing, imposed real testing in March 1992 and visibly deflated; and the IFBB Pro League, which still does not routinely test. On the human cost: Andreas Munzer's autopsy found a 636 gram heart against a normal 300 to 350, and liver tumours; Rich Piana's found heart and liver each roughly twice normal size, but the hospital destroyed the toxicology specimens and no cause was ever established. Nothing here is instructional, and no allegation is presented as fact.

## Timeline

### 1830
- **1830**, Queen Victoria's Indian clubs, Kensington Palace. Exercise clubs used by the young Victoria, dated 1830 to 1835 by Kensington Palace. The implement is the mugdar of the Indian akhara, absorbed into British domestic exercise decades before Sandow. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/215bbed4-65ae-425f-a46b-5649715668ec) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Indian_exercise_clubs_used_by_Queen_Victoria,_1830-1835_-_Kensington_Palace_-_London,_England_-_DSC04096.jpg
### 1831
- **1831**, Roper's Gymnasium, Philadelphia. An American commercial gymnasium advertising in 1831, more than half a century before Sandow. The gymnasium as a paid urban institution predates bodybuilding as a sport. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/3397bc81-f6d3-4453-b3a7-f80808f84791) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:1831_Roper%27s_Gymnasium_274_Market_St_Philadelphia.jpg
### 1836
- **1836**, Exercises for Ladies. An 1836 manual of exercises for women, using light dumbbells. The high-repetition, light-weight prescription sold to women in this book is substantially the one still sold to them. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/3709163c-1878-490d-bcbd-d8cf7528c533) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Exercises_for_ladies;_(1836)_(14584833380).jpg
### 1840
- **1840**, Zurkhaneh athletes photographed by Sevruguin. Antoin Sevruguin's Qajar-era studio images are among the earliest photographic records of the zurkhaneh, the Persian house of strength. The building's defining feature is a sunken pit, the gaud, ringed by seating for athletes, musicians and spectators. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/2cb1758c-61af-4cc4-8cce-94741e192c06) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Antoin_Sevruguin_20_Zoorkhaneh_sportsmen_wrestlers.jpg
- **1840**, Four Persian wrestlers, Sevruguin studio. Koshti pahlevani, the wrestling arm of the zurkhaneh tradition, is one of the two ancestors of Indian pehlwani, the other being indigenous South Asian malla-yuddha. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/2e1b8044-fec2-4572-8533-3fd0b7208aa0) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Antoin_Sevruguin_19_Four_sportsmen_wrestlers.jpg
### 1854
- **1854**, Madame Caplin's chest expander. From Roxey Ann Caplin's Health and Beauty, 1854. Caplin argued for muscular development in women through resistance apparatus at a point when the corset was the assumed instrument of female form. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/ef141cc4-5699-4ea3-a8fc-160ecdcd83eb) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:HealtBeautyMadameCaplin27Fig1ChestExpander.png
- **1854**, Chest expander exercise, plate two. Caplin's apparatus plates are among the earliest published depictions of a woman using resistance equipment for the express purpose of building the body. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/391b9840-7599-47d3-97c4-232d3533578d) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:HealtBeautyMadameCaplin28Fig2ChestExpander.png
- **1854**, Chest expander exercise, plate four. Health and Beauty was published in London in 1854, more than twenty years before Sandow left Prussia. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/78348cdc-17e2-4ae9-84f3-02433dad1f9a) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:HealtBeautyMadameCaplin30Fig4ChestExpander.png
### 1870
- **1870**, Pehlwans at Hyderabad. Pehlwani formed under the Mughal empire as a synthesis of Persian koshti pahlevani with malla-yuddha. The name comes from the Persian pahlavan, meaning hero or champion. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/1c984b8c-3283-44b4-83d5-28f93e371e28) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Pahelwans_in_Hyderabad,_c_1870.jpg
### 1877
- **1877**, Eugen Sandow as a boy of ten. The opening plate of Sandow's photographic autobiography, showing him at about ten. He said he was a delicate child who took up physical development after seeing classical statues. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/3787c866-28a3-48c9-9b2d-f1b79ec3abab) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Eugen_Sandow;_Life_of_the_Author_as_told_in_Photographs_Wellcome_L0033344.jpg
### 1885
- **1885**, Milwaukee club-swinging team. Indian club swinging, the mugdar of the akhara, was exported into 19th century British and American military and gymnastic training. It is a documented transmission from a non-Western tradition into Western physical culture, running against the usual direction of the story. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/00c0768b-62d8-41d7-a5c5-947bde30dc47) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Milwaukee_Keulenriege.jpg
### 1886
- **1886**, Eugen Sandow at nineteen and twenty. Two studies of Sandow at about 19 and 20, reproduced in his own book. Born Friedrich Wilhelm Mueller in Koenigsberg in 1867, he had left Prussia the previous year. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/b0a34256-0987-4b15-a0d6-5714bdaf1831) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Eugen_Sandow;_Life_of_the_Author_as_told_in_Photographs_Wellcome_L0034445.jpg
### 1888
- **1888**, Eugen Sandow at twenty-one. A back study made when Sandow was 21, during the period he trained under Louis Durlacher, the Brussels strongman known as Professor Attila. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/2f9c1782-186d-4c54-bf59-35320165fb0d) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Eugen_Sandow;_Life_of_the_Author_as_told_in_Photographs_Wellcome_L0034446.jpg
- **1888**, Eugen Sandow at twenty-one, arm development. Sandow photographed at 21. He first appeared in London around this period, in the music-hall challenge contests that made his name. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/0a0f2dad-87f0-4591-893d-77f6e97439fa) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Eugen_Sandow;_Life_of_the_Author_as_told_in_Photographs_Wellcome_L0033345.jpg
### 1890
- **1890**, Strongwoman, from Acrobats and Mountebanks. From the 1890 volume Acrobats and Mountebanks. The music hall and circus were the only public venues where a muscular woman could perform, and the strongwoman act was a recognised bill item across Europe. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/2c857c59-8d08-459a-86b9-ef4d4661827f) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Acrobats_and_Mountebanks_044.jpg
- **1890**, Sandow as a gladiator, painted by Aubrey Hunt. Reproduced from a painting by Aubrey Hunt, who met Sandow near Genoa. Sandow was 23. The classical framing was deliberate and central to his self-presentation. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/ddabf2d3-f362-49df-afc3-6d907c994914) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Eugen_Sandow;_Life_of_the_Author_as_told_in_Photographs_Wellcome_L0033347.jpg
- **1890**, Eugen Sandow at twenty-three. A study of Sandow in his early twenties from his own photographic autobiography. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/dc80beb7-5bdb-4520-ad2f-f98a5e20c314) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Eugen_Sandow;_Life_of_the_Author_as_told_in_Photographs_Wellcome_L0033362.jpg
- **1890**, Louis Cyr with his wife Melina Courtois and daughter Emiliana. Cyr photographed with his family. He toured with his wife and daughter as part of the act. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/f45384ac-f4d9-44b0-8952-99351bc2b2ca) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Louis_Cyr_(centro),_su_esposa_M%C3%A9lina_Courtois_(derecha)_%26_su_hija_%C3%89miliana_Cyr,_30-1-1887_-_6-2-1935_(~1890).jpg
### 1891
- **1891**, Louis Cyr, Canadian strongman. Louis Cyr of Quebec, born 1863, was the most celebrated strength athlete of the era. His feats were performed on the variety and circus circuit. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/29e5d343-204e-436f-86c4-b25d256504a6) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Louis_Cyr.JPG
### 1892
- **1892**, Eugen Sandow at twenty-five. Sandow at 25, the year before Florenz Ziegfeld brought him to the United States for the Chicago World's Columbian Exposition. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/29a98207-cddf-48db-a322-7975e207d8dd) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Eugen_Sandow;_Life_of_the_Author_as_told_in_Photographs_Wellcome_L0033361.jpg
### 1893
- **1893**, Eugen Sandow, statuesque pose with muscles relaxed. Sandow at about 26 in a relaxed classical pose. He derived his proportions by measuring Greek and Roman statuary in museums. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/dc76b01a-80dd-4392-a607-a838106e5e85) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Eugen_Sandow;_Life_of_the_Author_as_told_in_Photographs_Wellcome_L0033350.jpg
- **1893**, Sandow photographed by Napoleon Sarony in New York. A cabinet card by Napoleon Sarony, the leading American theatrical photographer, made during Sandow's first United States tour. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/9d168b59-d32c-49ee-88e8-adee6bbcfadc) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Eugen_Sandow,_body-builder,_full-length_portrait,_standing,_nude_except_for_shoes,_facing_right)_-_Sarony_LCCN89712144.jpg
- **1893**, Bernarr Macfadden posing on a pedestal. Macfadden billed as Professor B. A. McFadden, posed in imitation of classical statuary. He founded Physical Culture magazine six years later and ran the Madison Square Garden contest of 1903 to 1904 won by Al Treloar. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/0799f788-4d1d-4562-a272-c17c4974f107) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Nude_male,_Prof._B.A._McFadden,_full-length_portrait,_standing_on_one_foot_on_pedestal,_facing_right,_wearing_a_fig_leaf_LCCN97510672.jpg
- **1893**, Bernarr Macfadden with hands behind his head. A second study from the same sitting. The fig leaf was the convention that kept near-nude physique photography inside the law. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/7d71b43e-7c64-4b07-b460-07197c845b3a) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Nude_male,_Prof._B.A._McFadden,_full-length_portrait,_standing_on_pedestal,_facing_left,_wearing_a_fig_leaf,_with_hands_behind_head_LCCN97510663.jpg
### 1894
- **1894**, Eugen Sandow at twenty-seven. Sandow at 27, at the height of his American tour under Ziegfeld's management. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/fa40046c-6bb5-4447-afd8-0451a5b712f5) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Eugen_Sandow;_Life_of_the_Author_as_told_in_Photographs_Wellcome_L0033360.jpg
- **1894**, Sandow reclining, wearing a fig leaf. An albumen silver print. The fig leaf was the convention that allowed near-nude male physique images to circulate legally in the 1890s. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/ffdda135-ae9a-4fe7-a362-2a72e2840f5d) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Eugen_Sandow,_full-length_portrait,_lying,_facing_left,_wearing_fig(%3F)_leaf_LCCN90713111.jpg
- **1894**, Sandow leaning on a pillar in a Samson pose. Sandow posed against a studio column in what contemporaries called a Samsonesque attitude, wearing a fig leaf. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/213986f9-1308-436d-8bc7-d0aec03fc1e1) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Eugen_Sandow_holding_pillar_cph.3b11215.jpg
- **1894**, Poster: Sandow lifting the human dumbbell. A lithographed poster for the Sandow Trocadero Vaudevilles under the direction of Florenz Ziegfeld Jr. The human dumbbell act had men hanging from each end of a bar. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/f2e2616e-a373-4e5f-a818-437dfde10138) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:The_Sandow_Trocadero_Vaudevilles,_Sandow_lifting_the_human_dumbell,_1894.jpg
- **1894**, Colour lithograph poster for the Sandow Trocadero Vaudevilles. A colour lithograph in poster format advertising Ziegfeld's Sandow touring company. The economy of the strongman era was theatrical entertainment, not sport. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/2c2f3d3a-e5cd-4406-8e91-a00c8dfcb17b) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:The_Sandow_Trocadero_Vaudevilles_LCCN2014635568.jpg
- **1894**, Edison Kinetoscope souvenir strip of Sandow. A souvenir print of the Edison Kinetoscope film of Sandow, shot and copyrighted by W. K. L. Dickson at the Black Maria studio. Sandow was among the first people ever filmed. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/8a94f0d2-14b8-4a38-be33-6063f5d6342e) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:The_souvenir_strip_of_Edison_Kinetoscope_Eugene_(i.e._Eugen)_Sandow,_the_modern_Hercules_-_-_taken_and_copyrighted_by_W.K.L._Dickson._LCCN2013645430.jpg
- **1894**, Academic figure study of Sandow, Rijksmuseum cabinet card. A cabinet photograph held by the Rijksmuseum, catalogued as an academic figure study. Such prints were sold to artists as anatomical reference. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/9d7b5cda-c67b-43f5-8653-96f94d9734f5) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Academische_figuurstudie_van_Eugen_Sandow_Sandow_(titel_op_object),_RP-F-2012-96-136.jpg
- **1894**, Sandow academic figure study, second pose. A second cabinet card from the same Rijksmuseum series of Sandow figure studies. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/7b63da46-5504-4b78-afae-34c5ead2be98) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Academische_figuurstudie_van_Eugen_Sandow_Sandow_(titel_op_object),_RP-F-2012-96-137.jpg
- **1894**, Sandow photographed by Steckel in Los Angeles. One of a series of cabinet cards made by the Steckel studio at 220 South Spring Street, Los Angeles, during Sandow's American tour. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/44efd37d-b7ec-44fb-985d-2423fbedf4df) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Eugen_Sandow,_full-length_nude_portrait,_standing,_facing_left)_-_Steckel,_Los_Angeles,_Cal_LCCN90715319.jpg
- **1894**, Sandow from behind, hands on head. A rear study from the Steckel series, made to display back musculature. Poses like this became the template for competitive posing decades later. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/38c15619-1686-4416-b51b-b680d12a382b) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Eugen_Sandow,_full-length_nude_portrait,_standing,_rear_view,_hands_on_head)_-_Steckel,_Los_Angeles,_Cal_LCCN90715320.jpg
- **1894**, Sandow leaning on a pillar, Steckel studio. A Steckel cabinet card. The studio column and drape were standard properties borrowed from classical portraiture. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/cfdb5701-6c06-442f-867c-ca09fc3b9856) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Eugen_Sandow,_full-length_nude_portrait,_standing,_facing_right,_leaning_on_pillar)_-_Steckel,_220_S._Spring_St.,_Los_Angeles,_Cal_LCCN90715336.jpg
### 1895
- **1895**, Victorian Music Hall Act, 1890s - Archive Film 1000111. Archive film of a Victorian music hall act of the 1890s, tentatively identified as the eccentric comedian Will Evans. The bill on which Sandow appeared was this: variety turns, comic business and physical novelty, sold to a paying audience. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/3d57e0ca-1e8c-4a23-a147-40497df7b988) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DbNF2n7enVg
- **1895**, Sandow photographed by Benjamin Falk. A panel-card portrait by Benjamin J. Falk, a New York photographer known for theatrical portraiture. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/76e7649c-62ea-46dd-a74a-0ecfece291f2) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Sandow_-_Falk._LCCN2007681316.jpg
### 1897
- **1897**, Eugen Sandow at thirty, muscles in contraction. Sandow at 30 with the musculature contracted. Ziegfeld's innovation was to sell muscular display rather than feats of lifting. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/bdfabea4-8b0a-4029-984a-097966001e2a) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Eugen_Sandow_Wellcome_L0033351.jpg
- **1897**, Sandow being prepared for a plaster body cast. An unsigned photograph showing Sandow prepared for the moulding of a full body cast, made to serve sculptors and artists as a model of ideal proportion. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/ddf02e95-5426-492e-abf8-c77fd8ac457b) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Sandow,_Eugene_(Friedrich_Mueller,_1867-1925)_-_preparato_per_un_calco.jpg
### 1898
- **1898**, Burlot resistance apparatus. A resistance apparatus illustrated in a German manual of 1898. Spring and pulley devices dominated home training before the loadable barbell became cheap. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/62d3054e-1094-4035-b20d-c085b100c7e8) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Burlot%27scher_Widerstandsapparat,_extracted_from_Die_Technik_der_Massage_(1898).png
- **1898**, Madame H. Cloutier, strongwoman. A La Presse article on Madame H. Cloutier, a young Canadian athlete who set out to repeat the feats of Louis Cyr. Women performed strength acts on the same circuit as the men. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/24485582-6af9-4cd1-878d-9ada572b0c12) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Madame_H._Cloutier.jpg
- **1898**, Charmion at the Folies-Bergere. Laverie Vallee, 1875 to 1949, performed as Charmion, a trapeze strongwoman act. The Folies-Bergere poster is the promotional face of a career that put a visibly muscular woman on a Paris stage nightly. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/4a8087f4-2e16-4951-9cbe-3ec40b35d9b2) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Charmion._Folies-Berg%C3%A8re._Tous_les_soirs,_Charmion._affiche,_Lem_lith..jpg
- **1898**, Charmion at the end of her act. Photographed by Alfred Ellis, 7 September 1898. Charmion's act combined trapeze work with displays of strength and muscular development. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/e32c819f-efef-4fca-8135-e247ca499887) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Charmion_(1875%E2%80%931949)_with_trapeze_at_the_end_of_her_act.png
- **1898**, Laverie Cooper, seated. Charmion off stage. Her Edison-filmed Trapeze Disrobing Act of 1901 made her one of the earliest women photographed in motion for a mass audience. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/a6828f94-8c19-4e21-93df-83593b25f98e) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Laverie_Cooper_(Charmion)_seated_in_a_chair,_1898.webp
- **1898**, Charmion at the Folies-Bergere, lithograph. A lithographic poster from the Musee Carnavalet collection. The strongwoman act was a paid stage engagement with no contest structure at all, and it preceded competitive women's bodybuilding by roughly seventy years. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/20ac6575-32d3-4a49-8ecd-defaa5b65fc2) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:FOLIES-BERGERE_CHARMION,_AFF1516.jpg
- **1898**, Charmion, strongwoman. Laverie Vallee, 1875 to 1949, billed as a strongwoman. Her Edison-filmed Trapeze Disrobing Act of 1901 made her one of the earliest women recorded in motion for a mass audience. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/d21bf19a-e43d-4f28-8bc2-11088a405601) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Charmion-strongwoman.png
- **1898**, Poster: Louis Cyr, strongest man on earth. A poster for John Robinson's circus billing Cyr as strongest man on earth, lifting 4,300 pounds at a salary of 2,000 dollars a week. The billing was advertising, not an adjudicated title. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/2680dd3b-9462-4ef5-85f0-3aa6c48c22f5) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Louis_Cyr,_strongest_man_on_earth,_1898.jpg
### 1899
- **1899**, Plate from How to Get Strong. From the 1899 edition of How to Get Strong. Nineteenth century strength manuals mixed apparatus work, calisthenics and dietary advice in proportions a modern reader would recognise. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/45526668-ab0e-42c4-9add-f428699a6d79) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:How_to_Get_Strong_p075.jpg
### 1900
- **1900**, Exercise apparatus. A resistance apparatus of the period. Nineteenth century home apparatus ran to pulleys, springs and elastic straps rather than free weights. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/319b44d5-b9d3-4207-b5ff-f3ca9911db6b) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:A_man_sitting_inside_a_large_wooden_frame_holding_on_to_stra_Wellcome_V0040466.jpg
- **1900**, Anna Abs. From the George Grantham Bain collection at the Library of Congress. Abs was one of a cohort of professional strongwomen working the American variety circuit at the turn of the century. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/e00d65af-288f-43e6-86fa-06fc908f8278) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Anna_Abs_LCCN2014686662.jpg
- **1900**, Anna Abs, second study. The Bain news service photographed strongwomen as news subjects, which is why an unusually complete free-licensed record of them survives. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/2011dbe4-f70c-4f5f-bcc3-554f4700e8a6) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Anna_Abs_LCCN2014686663.jpg
- **1900**, Katie Sandwina, the Lady Hercules. Katharina Brumbach, 1884 to 1952, performed as Sandwina, a name built to echo Sandow's. She headlined for Barnum and Bailey. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/146e9ac5-5d51-4cb1-8091-7ddf3b593918) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Katie_Sandwina,_the_lady_Hercules_LCCN2014686832.jpg
- **1900**, Sandwina holding three men. The lift is the act's signature. As with the male strongmen of the same circuit, the promotional weights and measurements should be read as showmanship rather than record. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/5383ebc8-6e40-4153-9562-b335c7f9a862) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Katie_Sandwina,_the_Lady_Hercules_(holding_up_three_men)_LCCN2014686831.jpg
- **1900**, Star of vaudeville. Vaudeville was one of the few paid public arenas in which a visibly muscular woman could work, and it was an entertainment economy rather than a sporting one. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/bc1100f2-28ef-458b-9548-1529aa338c98) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Star_of_Vaudeville_-_Charmion.jpg
- **1900**, Sandow's anatomical chart. An anatomical chart issued under Sandow's name, part of the mail-order apparatus of courses, charts and appliances that made up his business. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/12fe1ca8-4a5b-4b08-aee1-d46bd6d51e7f) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Sandow%27s_anatomical_chart.png
- **1900**, Louis Cyr, l'homme fort. A studio portrait of Cyr. He died in 1912 at the age of 49, of chronic nephritis. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/6b77e38e-0bc7-4460-bbff-555a4a1712ed) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Louis_Cyr,_homme_fort.jpg
- **1900**, Physique study from the Edmond Desbonnet collection. From the collection of Edmond Desbonnet, who ran a school of physical culture in Paris and was the leading French figure of the movement. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/8f644754-2105-48f0-be62-ccbb24302bb3) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Portrait_d%27homme_en_int%C3%A9rieur_-_Desbonnet,_Edmond_-_btv1b107084394.jpg
### 1901
- **1901**, Hugh McAllum. Published in the May 1901 issue of a physical culture magazine. New Zealand and Australia had their own strongman circuits connected to the British one by touring. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/a259a446-bf2f-4f31-a82c-b0a4a676131c) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Photograph_of_Hugh_McAllum,_muscleman_from_New_Zealand._Wellcome_L0072890.jpg
- **1901**, Indian Clubs and Dumb Bells. An instructional volume of 1901 pairing the imported Indian club with the Western dumbbell, showing how completely the akhara implement had been absorbed. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/40375971-1228-4131-aeaa-15dbca45becf) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Indian_clubs_and_dumb_bells_(1901)_(14592138999).jpg
- **1901**, Club and dumbbell drill. The tone and bulk framing, high repetitions for one and low for the other, is not physiologically meaningful, and it is specifically the framing that was and is sold to women. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/689d5d48-a913-45d4-abfc-4b94745684c2) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Indian_clubs_and_dumb_bells_(1901)_(14798813213).jpg
- **1901**, Woman's Physical Development, January 1901. Bernarr Macfadden published Woman's Physical Development from 1900. Macfadden's physical culture publishing empire addressed women directly, decades before any organisation would run a contest for them. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/2bbb052c-8893-478c-b71f-e145cad8f162) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Woman%27s_Physical_Development_v01n04_(1901-01)_cover.jpg
- **1901**, Woman's Physical Development, August 1901. Macfadden ran the first major American physique contest at Madison Square Garden over the 1903 to 1904 New Year, won by Al Treloar. His women's title had no comparable prominence. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/eb9001a0-cac3-4469-9673-d7e01668a15d) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Woman%27s_Physical_Development_v02n05_(1901-08)_cover.jpg
- **1901**, Woman's Physical Development, December 1901. The magazine's existence is evidence that a female physical culture readership was commercially real in 1901. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/ee88e793-07b7-40be-9fb1-4062438db6c1) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Woman%27s_Physical_Development_v03n03_(1901-12)_cover.jpg
- **1901**, Bernarr Macfadden in Strength from Eating. The frontispiece portrait from Macfadden's book Strength from Eating. Diet, fasting and hydropathy were as central to his system as exercise. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/f65665c2-55de-456d-bb3a-671fca88d92c) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Bernarr_Macfadden_1901.jpg
### 1902
- **1902**, Cartoon: Sandow in the Days of Their Youth. A comic strip by Tom Browne published in The Sketch on 29 January 1902, imagining Sandow's childhood. He was famous enough by then to be a newspaper joke. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/2b8c046a-9c8d-4f6a-8e7a-f045881a933f) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:In_the_Days_of_Their_Youth_No._9_%E2%80%93_Sandow_by_Tom_Browne_(1870%E2%80%931910).png
- **1902**, Eugen Sandow at thirty-five. Sandow at 35, the year after he judged and staged the Great Competition at the Royal Albert Hall. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/7bf0fd7c-4b95-4c1b-be94-009d273a879d) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Eugen_Sandow;_Life_of_the_Author_as_told_in_Photographs_Wellcome_L0033359.jpg
- **1902**, Sandow instructing police in Bendigo, Australia. From Sandow's Magazine of Physical Culture, showing him drilling the police at Bendigo in Victoria during his Australian tour. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/41225a63-68ef-47d1-b919-8644333d1ef0) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Photograph_of_Eugen_Sandow_instructing_Bendigo_police._Wellcome_L0035268.jpg
- **1902**, Sandow and the Perth Metropolitan Fire Brigade. Sandow inaugurating the adoption of his physical culture drill by the Metropolitan Fire Brigade of Perth, Western Australia. He sold his system to institutions as well as individuals. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/2c7cf1a2-e261-4153-9f87-52effbe48138) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Sandow_and_fire_brigade_fitness_drill_Wellcome_L0035265.jpg
- **1902**, A New Sandow Pose, in leopard skin and sandals. Sandow in leopard-skin trunks and classical sandals, published in his own magazine. The costume is pure music hall, borrowed from the Hercules iconography. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/9b5f1615-c8b2-4ac1-a15a-bfba139c4c85) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:%22A_New_Sandow_Pose_(VII)%22,_Eugen_Sandow_Wellcome_L0035269.jpg
- **1902**, A New Sandow Pose, number eight. A companion plate from Sandow's Magazine of Physical Culture. The underlying photograph was taken by a Melbourne firm. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/e3b22bec-3561-4ad2-bc50-67d6eb33c1e8) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:%22A_New_Sandow_Pose_(VIII)%22,_Eugen_Sandow_Wellcome_L0035270.jpg
- **1902**, Newspaper advertisement for Keith's Theatre, Boston. A Boston Globe advertisement for a Keith's Theatre bill. Strongman acts were sold alongside other variety turns on the vaudeville circuit. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/ab79c6e6-d901-4f94-9c01-d497f0ecfccd) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:1902_KeithsTheatre_BostonGlobe_1902.png
### 1904
- **1904**, Sandow in the French magazine La Culture Physique. A page of new Sandow poses in La Culture Physique, showing how quickly the physical culture press spread across Europe. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/3a03215a-d0ce-4b9f-8eea-de02755fac6f) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:La_Culture_Physique,_1904,_Eugene_Sandlow._Wellcome_L0024072.jpg
- **1904**, La Culture Physique. Edmond Desbonnet's Paris magazine La Culture Physique carried the French wing of the physical culture movement. Physique publishing was international from the outset and was never only an Anglo-American business. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/4ba37ccd-09e1-4c5d-9845-19690ad37321) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:La_Culture_Physique._Wellcome_L0024066.jpg
- **1904**, La Culture Physique, cover. The magazine's covers used the same classical-statuary grammar Sandow had established with his photographers. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/ec964e1e-ed06-4895-a7b5-aa6a0bf753c3) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:La_Culture_Physique,_1904,_front_cover._Wellcome_L0024065.jpg
- **1904**, La Regeneration du Snob, a satire. A satire published in La Culture Physique. The movement attracted mockery in its own press almost immediately, which is a useful corrective to reading it as uncomplicated enthusiasm. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/a317d20a-a7f8-4132-a2f2-9fc328471e27) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:La_Culture_Physique,_1904,_satire._Wellcome_L0024068.jpg
- **1904**, Max Unger in classical pose. The classical pose is the movement's central visual claim: that the developed modern body is a recovery of an antique ideal. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/f64d43df-8a1b-45cc-b7c6-fcc22eb95cd0) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:La_Culture_Physique,_1904,_Max_Unger._Wellcome_L0024071.jpg
- **1904**, Georg Hackenschmidt in La Culture Physique. Hackenschmidt was a wrestler as much as a strongman, and the two categories were not yet separate in the way they later became. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/2b60cef4-2bbc-4b2b-951e-c832ddd90710) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:La_Culture,_Physique,_G._Hackenschmitt._Wellcome_L0024069.jpg
- **1904**, Fred Winters at the 1904 Olympics. The 1904 St Louis Olympics included barbell and dumbbell events. Competitive weightlifting and physique display had not yet fully separated into distinct sports. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/4bcb2269-f26b-4ca6-9ad6-99e0292828fa) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Fred_Winters,_competitor_in_the_barbell_contest_at_the_1904_Olympics_posing_with_weights.jpg
- **1904**, Winner of the 1904 dumbbell competition. Winters won the dumbbell competition. Olympic weightlifting would keep the loaded barbell; bodybuilding would keep the developed body and abandon the measured lift. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/31fe07b3-51c5-4617-acda-40a52a422870) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Fred_Winters,_New_York,_winner_of_the_dumbbell_competition_at_the_1904_Olympics.jpg
- **1904**, The Desbonnet school. Edmond Desbonnet ran a physical culture school in Paris and photographed its pupils extensively. His archive is one of the largest surviving bodies of early physique photography. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/dc754760-5acc-47c0-87bb-605e1c147aba) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:La_Culture_Physique,_1904._The_school_of_Desbonnet._Wellcome_L0024074.jpg
- **1904**, Sandow's Body Building. Sandow's own book carried the title Body Building. The phrase predates the sport it now names by decades. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/0f34fb59-4cf0-4c22-b861-be5e9571c908) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Eugen_Sandow,_%22Body_Building%22_Wellcome_L0026308.jpg
- **1904**, Poses from La Culture Physique. The compulsory poses used in contests a century later are recognisably these. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/ef8e7389-7e18-46a7-8fd0-ad78349b3015) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:La_Culture_Physique,_1904,_poses._Wellcome_L0024075.jpg
- **1904**, La beaute moderne. The magazine argued the developed body as modern beauty, an aesthetic claim rather than an athletic one. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/a2055df0-a43d-4b63-82af-3be849cce4b3) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:La_Culture_Physique,_%22La_beaute_moderne%22._Wellcome_L0024080.jpg
- **1904**, Pose de l'Hercule moderne. The modern Hercules pose. Hercules would return as the sport's screen vehicle fifty years later through Steve Reeves and the Italian peplum films. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/84c63bff-4978-4520-a738-a1547365cc09) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:La_Culture_Physique,_%22Pose_de_l%27Hercule_moderne%22._Wellcome_L0024082.jpg
- **1904**, Alexandre Maspoli on the cover. Maspoli was one of the French school's regular cover subjects. Edmond Desbonnet's magazine sold the apparatus and the courses in its own pages, so the conflict of interest that would define Weider publishing was structural from the start. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/a921df98-f2e5-4f68-9497-7d47e0c3dc40) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:La_Culture_Physique,_cover_titled_Alexandre_Maspoli._Wellcome_L0024078.jpg
- **1904**, Laverie Vallee as Charmion. Photographed by Frederick Whitman Glasier, whose circus work is the best single photographic archive of the American variety strength acts. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/c59e2dc0-7d60-4d1d-a30d-c38b8aec2925) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Laverie_Vallee_(Charmion),_1904.jpg
- **1904**, Charmion in a pair of poses. Glasier's paired study. Charmion is catalogued on Commons as a bodybuilder, which is a later reading of what was billed at the time as a strength and trapeze act. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/b2acf709-3248-4efc-bfe1-5ade8611b68c) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Laverie_%22Charmion%22_Cooper_in_a_pair_of_poses.webp
- **1904**, Miss Charmion. The strongwoman act preceded competitive women's bodybuilding by roughly seventy years and had no contest structure at all. It was paid performance, not sport. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/d5480ca5-e2eb-458a-a933-9769c56714eb) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Miss_Charmion.jpg
- **1904**, Charmion on the trapeze. The trapeze framing let a muscular woman be presented as an aerialist, a legible variety category, rather than as a strength athlete. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/4a8e6369-57e7-4cdb-a11f-2ea7eecc6038) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Charmion_holds_an_umbrella_on_the_trapeze,_1904.png
- **1904**, Charmion posing on the trapeze. The trapeze framing allowed a muscular woman to be presented as an aerialist, a legible variety category, rather than as a strength athlete in her own right. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/f907c4e9-1bf8-4020-aad2-c0acf50fac4b) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Laverie_Vallee_(%22Charmion%22)_Posing_on_the_Trapeze,_1904.png
- **1904**, Eugen Sandow at thirty-seven. Sandow at 37 with muscles relaxed. By this date he ran a magazine, a mail-order course and a chain of Institutes of Physical Culture. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/e76b4411-7af6-4755-bbc2-0db3989a01f6) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Eugen_Sandow;_Life_of_the_Author_as_told_in_Photographs_Wellcome_L0033352.jpg
- **1904**, Portrait of Bernarr Macfadden. Macfadden, born Bernard Adolphus McFadden in 1868, industrialised the physique contest, the before-and-after narrative and the fitness magazine. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/084c17f2-503a-4b28-a2fc-056ec82c4edb) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Portrait_of_Bernarr_Adolphus_Macfadden.jpg
### 1905
- **1905**, Strong-Man In Leotard, 1900s - Film 96305. An early French comic film in which a circus strongman in a leotard beats off a pair of thieves. It records what the strongman was to the public before he was an athlete: a fairground and variety character. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/09f937ed-f852-49f3-93e4-f3cc4fbbfafc) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3Hi1mD5GupI
- **1905**, Bernarr Macfadden posed as a boxer. Macfadden in a boxing attitude. He ran physique and perfect-body contests, including at Madison Square Garden, and was prosecuted under obscenity law for advertising them. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/d891e6ff-44a7-46af-a60c-07bb313b6e54) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Sarony,_Napoleon_(1821-1896)_-_Bernarr_Macfadden_as_Boxer_-_1905_ca..jpg
### 1906
- **1906**, The strong man of the police school, Egypt. Photographed by G. Lekegian in Egypt. Egypt would later build an unusually deep amateur base, and Mohamed Nasr won a NABBA Mr Universe title in 1952. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/41666517-0db3-46a0-8018-34e23e48fc66) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:The_Strong_Man_of_the_Police_School_(1906)_-_TIMEA.jpg
- **1906**, Maurice Deriaz. One of the Deriaz brothers, Swiss strongmen who worked the French circuit as wrestlers and physique performers. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/1164f454-7abe-493e-a567-99433d7dc3ea) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Male_body_builder,_Maurice_Deriaz,_c._1906_Wellcome_L0039137.jpg
- **1906**, Lindinger and Maurice Deriaz. Physique performance was a paid stage act. The idea of a contest judged purely on the built body would take another half century to become the sport's centre. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/a70cb1ae-9f78-4185-8f78-46549c264f23) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Two_male_body_builders,_Lindinger_%26_Maurice_Deriaz,_c._1906_Wellcome_L0039136.jpg
- **1906**, Maurice Deriaz, wrestler. Photographed for the French press. Deriaz is catalogued as a wrestler, which is how physique men earned a living before physique itself was a paying category. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/3304b965-9192-4999-ad10-8401efacb7a4) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Maurice_Deriaz_(lutteur)_-_btv1b532228774.jpg
- **1906**, The Three Roeder. A hand balancing act. The acrobatic tradition would resurface at Muscle Beach in the 1930s, where tumbling and adagio came before physique. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/587b11b4-5f10-4839-9f19-c71d680d4688) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Male_gymnasts,_%27The_Three_Roeder%27,_c._1906_Wellcome_L0039142.jpg
- **1906**, Charmion flexes for the camera. A deliberate muscular display for the lens. Photographs like this are the closest early twentieth century equivalent to a physique shot of a woman, made seventy years before any contest would judge one. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/38d1ad95-efe4-409e-94c3-0cf1228c506e) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Vaudeville_artist_Laverie_%22Charmion%22_Cooper_flexes_for_the_camera,_ca._1906.jpg
- **1906**, Eugen Sandow at thirty-nine. Sandow at 39. Every measurement and photograph issued under his name was commercial material for his physical culture business. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/dbfc1ef4-5c9c-434e-a8cb-81729e996823) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Eugen_Sandow;_Life_of_the_Author_as_told_in_Photographs_Wellcome_L0033358.jpg
- **1906**, Sandow posed with sword and shield. Sandow semi-recumbent on an animal skin with a sword and shield, an image sold as the product of physical culture. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/51f73c2c-99f6-479f-91ab-3290f73586f4) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Eugene_Sandow,_a_product_of_physical_culture,_c._1906_Wellcome_L0039139.jpg
- **1906**, Body building poses by Bobby Pandour. Bobby Pandour, a Polish-born music hall strongman whose real name was Wladyslaw Kurpiewski, in a sequence of posing studies. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/da0e3bc7-66e9-4fc7-96e0-a4a3ba637477) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Body_building_poses_by_Bobby_Pandour,_c._1906_Wellcome_L0039134.jpg
### 1908
- **1908**, Louis Cyr on the cover of La Culture Physique. The cover of La Culture Physique for 15 February 1908, showing Cyr in a gymnast's costume embroidered with the word Canada. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/260d4a87-cbab-4ab5-8f81-7dc2c40c9912) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Front_cover_of_%27La_Culture_Physique%27_featuring_Louis_Cyr_Wellcome_L0035238.jpg
- **1908**, Ecole Desbonnet. The Desbonnet school's own advertising. The commercial gym as an institution begins here and in Sandow's institutes, decades before Vic Tanny industrialised it. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/42d80ca1-8d84-475e-be44-c4b8cb928cbf) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:La_Culture_Physique,_1908,_Ecole_Desbonnet_Wellcome_L0031882.jpg
- **1908**, La Culture Physique, 15 August 1908. Physique magazines were the sport's only distribution channel for most of the twentieth century, and their publishers were also its promoters and its equipment sellers. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/c97a1014-3d3d-4e63-b9e3-86effbc63ef1) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Cover_of_%27La_Culture_Physique%27,_15th_August_1908_Wellcome_L0038405.jpg
- **1908**, Advertisement in La Culture Physique. The magazine sold apparatus and courses in its own pages. The conflict of interest that would define Weider publishing was structural from the start. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/6a970196-1bad-4233-8587-a8e67b786fdf) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Advertisement_from_%27La_Culture_Physique%27_magazine_Wellcome_L0035282.jpg
- **1908**, Emile Royer. A studio physique photograph from the French school. Desbonnet's Paris archive is one of the largest surviving bodies of early physique photography anywhere. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/d556e256-31ad-434b-8cda-1f64fc845811) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Bodybuilder_Emile_Royer_in_bicep-curling_pose_Wellcome_L0038399.jpg
- **1908**, Eugene Rapin from behind. The rear double biceps became a compulsory pose and remains one. The pose vocabulary photographed in Paris around 1908 is substantially the one judged today. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/d55ffa34-2e08-472f-85c9-58d1e2e6fda4) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Bodybuilder_Eugene_Rapin_from_behind_flexing_biceps_Wellcome_L0038400.jpg
- **1908**, Professor Desbonnet. Desbonnet styled himself professor, as did most physical culture proprietors of the period. The title was commercial, not academic. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/56336977-dbec-4de0-a9b0-5dab7c1b2e08) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:2_photographs_of_bodybuilder_and_professor_Desbonnet_Wellcome_L0038401.jpg
- **1908**, Edwardian women in exercise tunics. Published in a physical culture magazine. Women's exercise was presented in terms of posture, health and figure rather than development, and that framing lasted into the 1970s. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/3850f34f-9339-4758-b370-f822681644ec) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Photo_of_4_Edwardian_ladies_in_corset-style_tunics_Wellcome_L0035271.jpg
- **1908**, Edwardian women in corsets. The corset and the exercise programme were sold side by side. Roxey Ann Caplin had argued against exactly that pairing in 1854. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/cb274c88-363e-41f8-9aa6-080bf584da03) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Photo_of_three_Edwardian_ladies_in_corsets_Wellcome_L0035283.jpg
- **1908**, Article contrasting the clothed and unclothed body. Physical culture publishing argued constantly about how much of the body could be shown, an argument that produced Bernarr Macfadden's obscenity arrests in the 1900s. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/ece3ab31-f574-4d7e-be9d-78721d526fe0) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Article_contrasting_the_nude_versus_the_clothed_body_Wellcome_L0038406.jpg
- **1908**, Splendid physical types. A magazine spread of physique studies. Physique photography's later entanglement with early gay visual culture, and with obscenity prosecutions, runs directly back to this publishing tradition. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/855c42f8-7f09-4916-aa13-033a83799d43) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Splendid_physical_types_shown_here_are_illustrative_of_Wellcome_L0034498.jpg
- **1908**, Bodybuilders with their trainer. A trainer with his pupils. The coach as a distinct paid role is as old as the commercial gymnasium. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/4335ad65-11c9-44ec-a903-acd726a00997) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Male_body-builders_posing_semi-naked_with_their_trainer,_in_Wellcome_V0048585F2.jpg
### 1909
- **1909**, Charmion, back. Dated May 1909. The back study is a physique convention, and its use here on a woman is decades ahead of any contest that would judge it. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/c5128d35-6998-4d1f-8f77-eb2a58f11f90) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Charmion_back_1909.jpg
### 1910
- **1910**, George Poppoff. From the Library of Congress. Strongman and physique performance was still a variety act in 1910, and the international touring circuit was how the form spread. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/3c3d57e2-e91b-4f6c-a0e6-ce4d8a3b9046) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:George_Poppoff_(LOC).jpg
- **1910**, Gama Pehalwan’s Tour of London 1910 I जब गामा पहलवान विश्व विजेता बने. On the Great Gama's London tour of 1910. Ghulam Mohammad Baksh Butt, titled Rustam-e-Zaman, defeated Stanislaus Zbyszko in the London world championship sequence that year. His career is documented in contemporaneous British press, unlike much strongman legend. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/9890c654-ee09-4c1c-9213-4005568a580b) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2WXty-xPtts
- **1910**, Eugen Sandow at forty-three. Two studies of Sandow at 43, captioned in his book to point out abdominal and triceps development. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/dba73332-b1ce-4580-9eb1-525001571e12) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Eugen_Sandow;_Life_of_the_Author_as_told_in_Photographs_Wellcome_L0033354.jpg
### 1911
- **1911**, Marguerite Martyn's sketch of Sandwina. Drawn for the St Louis Post-Dispatch, 4 June 1911, by the newspaper artist Marguerite Martyn. The sketch is imaginative rather than documentary and the archive presents it as such. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/65af6dca-d210-4cec-9663-eccf0530fc81) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Imaginative_sketch_by_Marguerite_Martyn_of_strongwoman_Katie_Sandwina,_1911.jpg
- **1911**, Marguerite Martyn draws Sandwina. The newspaper artist Marguerite Martyn drew herself into the sketch alongside Sandwina, for the St Louis Post-Dispatch of 4 June 1911. Sandwina was a leading figure in the circus performers' suffrage organisation, which links the strongwoman act directly to the women's political movement. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/127dcd3c-c8e1-4048-8367-d70dbfb342f9) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Sketch_by_Marguerite_Martyn_of_strongwoman_Katherine_Sandwina,_1911,_with_Martyn_in_the_drawing.jpg
### 1912
- **1912**, Katie Sandwina. Sandwina was a leading figure in the circus performers' suffrage organisation, which links the strongwoman act directly to the women's political movement of the period. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/f7261a63-dc4e-4bb9-927e-8425e649a9da) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Katie_Sandwina,_1912.jpg
- **1912**, Physical culture class at the Grand Hotel, Leigh-on-Sea. A gymnastic physical culture class photographed at the Grand Hotel, Leigh-on-Sea near Southend in England. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/548e295a-fe65-4fed-852c-781fcd0f7809) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:1912_Grand_Hotel_Leigh_on_Sea,_Nr_Southend_Gymnastic_Physical_Culture_Class_(50607451862).jpg
### 1913
- **1913**, Wrestlers at the Nouveau Cirque. The circus and the music hall were the physique performer's employers. The sport's economics have never fully escaped the entertainment model. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/158e893e-8e7d-485c-aa80-040f9bb505dd) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Les_lutteurs_du_Nouveau_Cirque_-_Deriaz_-_btv1b9022308t.jpg
### 1918
- **1918**, Macfadden advertisement, Are You in the Grip of Glasses?. An advertisement for Macfadden's eyesight course. His publishing empire extended the physical culture promise well beyond muscle. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/4b3b412a-1958-47ff-820f-f52e752c2361) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Bernarr_Macfadden_strengthen_eyes_advert.png
- **1918**, Bernarr Macfadden cabinet card. A cabinet card of Macfadden held in the Harvard Theatre Collection, a reminder that physical culture was sold as theatrical performance. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/6e5af995-2ec7-455d-8a5d-6728195f3a02) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Harvard_Theatre_Collection_-_Bernarr_Macfadden_TCS_1.2397.jpg
### 1919
- **1919**, Eugen Sandow at fifty-two. Captioned Power in Repose, showing Sandow at 52. Photographed by Warwick Brookes of Manchester. He died six years later. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/337463a0-9248-4075-886b-ea0b87d3e5cf) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Eugen_Sandow_aged_52_Wellcome_L0034497.jpg
- **1919**, Sandow posed against the Farnese Hercules. A plate pairing the ancient Farnese Hercules with Sandow in the same pose. The comparison with classical sculpture was the core of his claim to an ideal physique. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/60d9fc6e-d0e8-4a58-be01-692ea72f9a54) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Eugen_Sandow;_Life_of_the_Author_as_told_in_Photographs_Wellcome_L0033355.jpg
### 1920
- **1920**, Athletic training at the Carpentier academy. Albert Carpentier's Paris academy of physical culture and boxing. The combined boxing and physical culture school was the standard European commercial form before the specialised bodybuilding gym existed. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/7c4f3347-ec75-4d4e-9194-fadf25726028) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Acad%C3%A9mie_de_culture_physique_et_de_boxe_d%27Albert_Carpentier._Entra%C3%AEnement_athl%C3%A9tique_-_btv1b107083315_(1_of_2).jpg
- **1920**, Training at the academy. Interwar Paris. Weight training was still framed as preparation for a combat or athletic sport rather than as an end in itself. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/c424968d-30ff-4770-b29f-ad8865e79ba7) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Acad%C3%A9mie_de_culture_physique_et_de_boxe_d%27Albert_Carpentier._Entra%C3%AEnement_athl%C3%A9tique_-_btv1b10708265t_(2_of_2).jpg
- **1920**, Musculation at the Carpentier academy. The French word musculation, still the standard term for weight training in French, comes out of this milieu. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/57553588-121d-461b-91e2-d09d49b70bbd) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Acad%C3%A9mie_de_culture_physique_et_de_boxe_d%27Albert_Carpentier._Entrainement_athl%C3%A9tique,_musculation_-_btv1b10708321r_(2_of_2).jpg
- **1920**, Athletic training. Progressive overload across load, volume and frequency is the operative training principle, and it was understood in outline long before it was named as such. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/7e84d4e5-ae25-4265-9984-a773d9bdc7e4) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Acad%C3%A9mie_de_culture_physique_et_de_boxe_d%27Albert_Carpentier._Entra%C3%AEnement_athl%C3%A9tique_-_btv1b10708386g_(1_of_2).jpg
- **1920**, Portrait at the academy. A pupil photographed at the academy. The studio portrait was the school's advertising, as it had been for Sandow and Desbonnet before it. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/90efd577-34bf-4ad9-8e2d-8ce1ae2d6e1b) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Acad%C3%A9mie_de_culture_physique_et_de_boxe_d%27Albert_Carpentier._Portrait_d%27homme_en_int%C3%A9rieur_-_btv1b10708278k_(1_of_2).jpg
- **1920**, Georges Carpentier. The boxer Georges Carpentier. Strength training entered mainstream sport through combat athletes and throwers well before it was accepted in most other disciplines. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/91a1b95e-d5eb-43c5-a8ac-57af553691d6) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Acad%C3%A9mie_de_culture_physique_et_de_boxe_d%27Albert_Carpentier._Portrait_de_Georges_Carpentier_en_boxeur_-_btv1b107082344_(1_of_2).jpg
- **1920**, Charles Atlas. Angelo Siciliano, born in Acri, Calabria in 1892, took the name Charles Atlas. In 1922 he won Macfadden's America's Most Perfectly Developed Man contest at Madison Square Garden. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/ba72b7e5-87e9-4ba9-a1e7-23c0a1561930) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Charles_Atlas_c1920.jpg
### 1924
- **1924**, Billed as the strongest woman in the world, Berlin. Berlin, April 1924. Titles like this were promotional claims made by performers and promoters, with no adjudicating body behind them. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/f455cdda-320b-4217-a6a9-0d4ef4cde768) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Bundesarchiv_Bild_102-00357,_Berlin,_Kr%C3%A4ftigste_Frau_der_Welt.jpg
- **1924**, Macfadden and family demonstrating fitness at the US Capitol. Macfadden brought his family to the Capitol to demonstrate keeping fit to legislators. He courted political influence throughout his career. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/0ea1e09c-154b-4844-8669-22a6ca0b6a43) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Bernarr_MacFadden,_famous_physical_culture_expert,_and_his_family,_at_the_Capitol_where_they_are_demonstrating_how_to_keep_fit_to_the_legislators._L._to_r.-_Beverly,_Brannda,_Benlah,_Byrice,_LCCN2016887216.jpg
- **1924**, United States senators taking a physical culture lesson. Macfadden instructing senators including Arthur Capper, C. C. Dill and Magnus Johnson. Physical culture reached the centre of American public life. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/fbca71a6-ad6d-4f4e-a744-f155e26c3fbf) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Sen._taking_lessons_in_physical_culture._L._to_r.-_Bernarr_MacFadden,_famous_physical_culture_expert_of_N.Y.,_Sen_Arthur_Copper,_Sen._C.C._Dill,_Rep._Macfadden,_Sen._Magnus_Johnson,_Rep._LCCN2016887214.jpg
- **1924**, Macfadden and Senator Brookhart stage a boxing match. Macfadden and Senator Smith W. Brookhart of Iowa staged a boxing match outside the Senate office building. Macfadden understood publicity as well as any showman of the era. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/9e3abdd6-c4d7-466a-be70-772659d17f16) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Bernarr_MacFadden,_famous_physical_culture_expert_of_N.Y._and_Sen._Smith_W._Brookhart_of_Iowa,_staged_a_boxing_match_outside_Sen._office_bldg._LCCN2016887215.jpg
- **1924**, Bernarr Macfadden photographed in Washington. A glass negative from the National Photo Company. By the 1920s Macfadden ran True Story, True Detective and the New York Evening Graphic. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/860944c7-d1dc-4215-bf54-eed032a789b3) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:B._MacFadden_LCCN2014717467.jpg
### 1925
- **1925**, Press photograph of Eugen Sandow. An Agence Rol press portrait held by the Bibliotheque nationale de France. Sandow died in London in October 1925 at the age of 58. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/677b6644-e5f2-4607-b104-62efc537b065) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Eugen_Sandow_(CNews)_-_btv1b531551239.jpg
- **1925**, Charles Atlas in Artists and Models magazine. Atlas photographed for an article in the August 1925 issue of Artists and Models. He worked as an artists' model before the mail-order business took over. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/89e806f0-dbaf-486d-b77a-10ff3d2d9912) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Charles_Atlas_2_-_Aug_1925_A%26M.jpg
- **1925**, Charles Atlas, second Artists and Models study. A second plate from the same August 1925 magazine article. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/216eb8d1-6eb7-4e8e-a0f1-d2129f7113fd) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Charles_Atlas_4_-_Aug_1925_A%26M.jpg
### 1926
- **1926**, La Culture Physique, 1926. The magazine survived into the interwar period, by which point the physical culture movement had spread into state programmes across Europe. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/a328df65-2391-4267-9f52-e8e4c8ad73ca) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:La_Culture_physique.jpg
### 1930
- **1930**, Charles Atlas enrolment letter, The World's Most Perfectly Developed Man. An enrolment letter using the billing The World's Most Perfectly Developed Man. Atlas never won a title of that name; the contest he won in 1922 was America's Most Perfectly Developed Man. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/997f8438-641d-4517-a639-02f4606494a3) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:%22The_World%27s_Most_Perfectly_Developed_Man%22_Wellcome_L0027452.jpg
- **1930**, Joseph Greenstien, The Mighty Atom- 1930's strong man. Footage of Joseph Greenstein, who performed as the Mighty Atom, biting a nail in half and driving another through a plank by hand. Greenstein worked the American variety circuit, where the strongman's stock in trade was the demonstration rather than a measured lift. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/34a1aed0-5f1f-4ec1-b8eb-180831a5d9d6) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=a7jQ-KL2Z_o
### 1931
- **1931**, Franklin Roosevelt and Bernarr Macfadden at Warm Springs. Macfadden with Franklin D. Roosevelt at Warm Springs, Georgia. Held by the US National Archives. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/3912634b-e3a2-4f20-86b1-003b2bbfd0b3) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Franklin_D._Roosevelt_and_Bernar_MacFadden_in_Warm_Springs,_Georgia_-_NARA_-_196721.jpg
### 1932
- **1932**, Charles Atlas Dynamic Tension course application form. An application form for the Atlas mail-order course. Dynamic Tension was an isometric self-resistance method; the phrase was coined by the advertising man Charles P. Roman. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/7cb957c4-9a7e-4328-92bb-3ead78912d09) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Charles_Atlas_course.jpg
- **1932**, Crowd outside a Macfadden penny restaurant. A queue outside a one-cent restaurant run by the Bernarr Macfadden Foundation for unemployment relief during the Depression. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/72aff6a9-e3aa-422d-88c7-55a6622248ad) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Group_outside_1_Cent_Restaurant,_National_Demonstration,_Bernarr_MacFadden_Foundation_Unemployment_Relief_LCCN2016890050.jpg
### 1934
- **1934**, Langridge's School of Physical Culture, Sydney. Women of Langridge's School of Physical Culture performing in Sydney on 6 September 1934, photographed for the Sun newspaper. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/8d046fa1-6a31-461f-82a9-8de4ebae30ac) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Langridge%27s_Roto_Girls_Sun_1934_SLNSW_FL19128527.jpg
- **1934**, Women's class, Bjelke-Petersen School of Physical Culture. Photographed by Sam Hood in Sydney. The Bjelke-Petersen schools ran women's physical culture classes in Australia from the 1890s, one of the longest-running such programmes anywhere. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/84cf2077-6071-43bb-9829-4ab8f5e8e5fb) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:SLNSW_9127_Womens_class_at_the_BjelkePetersen_School_of_Physical_Culture.jpg
- **1934**, Class exercise, Bjelke-Petersen School. Physical culture for women was framed institutionally as health and posture, not as development for display. That framing held until the 1970s. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/0b64ff10-587c-47f7-b6a7-20a1d0704689) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:SLNSW_9129_Womens_class_at_the_BjelkePetersen_School_of_Physical_Culture.jpg
- **1934**, Bjelke-Petersen School, Sydney. Group drill rather than individual loading. Barbell work for women was outside the accepted programme. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/afe98bed-6831-44eb-983c-7a574777cf07) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:SLNSW_9133_Womens_class_at_the_BjelkePetersen_School_of_Physical_Culture.jpg
### 1935
- **1935**, Exercise, Hungary. From the Fortepan photographic archive. Interwar physical culture in central Europe ran through clubs and associations rather than commercial gyms. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/459a7d12-d1c7-4a31-bac5-c6df51b5da28) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Exercise_(1935)_Fortepan_7119.jpg
- **1935**, Dear Mr Atlas. Charles Atlas mail-order material. Atlas never won a title using the word World's, despite the persistent claim, and the Dynamic Tension course was the business rather than the competition. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/00b8345f-6e38-45f6-a020-2f65510b6bb1) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Dear_Mr._Atlas_..._Wellcome_L0070631.jpg
- **1935**, Don't waste your time or money on ROT. Atlas advertising attacking apparatus-based competitors. The physical culture market was already crowded and litigious by the 1930s. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/41cc0983-bf9d-4b06-9435-9a00f0942b53) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Don%27t_waste_your_time_or_money_on_ROT!_Wellcome_L0070629.jpg
- **1935**, Analysis and enrolment form. An enrolment form for a mail-order physical culture course. The measurement chart was both a sales device and the origin of the sport's obsession with numbers. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/9025b948-9203-456f-b2ad-915508ddbfdc) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Analysis_and_enrolment_form_Wellcome_L0071095.jpg
- **1935**, Charles Atlas montre ses muscles. French archive footage of Charles Atlas demonstrating his physique. Atlas was born Angelo Siciliano in Acri, Calabria, in 1892, and won Macfadden's America's Most Perfectly Developed Man contest at Madison Square Garden in 1922. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/21a17115-cd1e-4329-b9af-248ce84132a7) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RoRObVtiti8
### 1936
- **1936**, Rudolf Ismayr's dumbbells. Dumbbells belonging to the German Olympic weightlifting champion Rudolf Ismayr. The 1936 Berlin games were the point at which state physical culture programmes and competitive strength sport most visibly converged. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/b665b598-083e-4c88-a87f-763ad5965e67) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Rudolf_Ismayr%27s_Dumbbells,_1936.jpg
### 1937
- **1937**, Physical culture display, Brisbane Botanic Gardens. Students of the Teachers' Training College giving a physical culture display in the Brisbane Botanic Gardens on 21 April 1937. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/99ff957a-a63c-44ef-af5e-374169adc960) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Queensland_State_Archives_2433_Display_of_physical_culture_by_students_of_the_Teachers_Training_College_21_April_1937.png
- **1937**, Massed physical culture display in Brisbane. A second view of the Teachers' Training College display of 21 April 1937. Mass drill was the dominant form physical culture took in schools. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/427a3c60-2e5e-47d1-9d29-4932968f4f13) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Queensland_State_Archives_2435_Display_of_physical_culture_by_students_of_the_Teachers_Training_College_21_April_1937.png
### 1940
- **1940**, Joe Weider, The Master Blaster's first magazine, Your Physique Aug 1940. Joe Weider's first magazine, Your Physique, from August 1940, examined issue by issue. Weider launched it at 19 in Montreal, and the magazine business preceded the supplements and the federation. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/cf523004-e94b-4ce0-b986-7ce38b0e9384) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8M3PU9Cd0KI
### 1941
- **1941**, Hamzeh Pahlevanpur. An Iranian strongman portrait from the early 1940s, the period when the zurkhaneh tradition had been diminished under Reza Shah and had not yet been revived by his successor. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/df0eddf4-a6c6-41cb-b764-abc21387177a) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Hamzeh_pahlevan_pur.jpg
- **1941**, Women's PT (1941). British Pathe newsreel of the Women's League of Health and Beauty exercising in formation in London. The League, founded by Mary Bagot Stack in 1930, was mass physical culture for women decades before anything called women's bodybuilding existed, and it was drill and callisthenics rather than resistance training. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/181e4da0-0676-49dc-b8d0-523ef7ffbe42) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UbO9RAXHdHU
- **1941**, Charles Atlas advertisement in Weird Tales. An advertisement for Dynamic Tension in the September 1941 issue of the pulp magazine Weird Tales. The campaign ran for decades and sold physical training through shame and bullying rather than sport. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/c624ec0b-6d2d-4a15-8778-63b5a218ca13) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Charles_Atlas_advert_WeirdTalesv36n1.jpg
### 1944
- **1944**, Joe Weider's Your Physique magazine 1944 Oct/Nov, with Eugene Sandow!. The October and November 1944 issue of Your Physique, featuring Eugen Sandow, who had died in 1925. The sport was already citing its own origin myth within four years of Weider's first issue. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/10e476da-9044-441d-b626-f880c5b8dc8f) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HqSAdyhCFLw
### 1945
- **1945**, York Barbell Gang 1940's - Grimek, Hoffman, Bacon, Terpak, Terlazzo, Batchell Vintage Weightlifters. Restored 8mm film from the Osmo Kiiha collection of the York Barbell group in the 1940s, including Bob Hoffman, John Grimek, John Terpak and Tony Terlazzo. York was simultaneously a barbell manufacturer, a magazine publisher and the effective controller of American Olympic weightlifting. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/4f046ac6-8267-4917-8758-83986093611f) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rLswud9SH8g
### 1946
- **1946**, Nothing stops 'The Mighty Apollo', c.1946. Australian National Film and Sound Archive footage of the Melbourne strongman known as the Mighty Apollo, having stone blocks broken on his body, being driven over by a car and pulling a vehicle with his teeth. Filmed around 1946, and a reminder that the circuit was worldwide. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/a5b803b5-e25a-4641-981f-42480cc08b96) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0E3ehDl0NWI
### 1947
- **1947**, Joe Weider: Gain 36 pounds in a few months!! Your Physique 1947 June. A June 1947 Your Physique advertisement promising 36 pounds of gain in a few months. Weider settled with the Federal Trade Commission in 1985 for a minimum of 400,000 dollars over claims made for a supplement, which is a regulator's finding rather than an accusation. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/221de914-a6c7-473b-9227-3d5c9ad15ea4) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WWxusNXWrrI
- **1947**, John Farbotnik's amazing story! Joe Weider's Your Physique magazine May 1947. A May 1947 Your Physique feature on John Farbotnik. The magazine's method was to make its readers into characters, which is how the sport built an audience. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/bf4028d8-97e2-4574-91fa-0a232d3d8097) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RdjcOgSUMK4
### 1948
- **1948**, Muscle Beach (Joseph Strick, 1948). Joseph Strick's 1948 short film Muscle Beach, presented by the Academy. Muscle Beach at Santa Monica was a 1934 WPA New Deal installation rather than private enterprise, and this is the earliest substantial film of it. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/c40d9010-6e7e-4c5e-8973-1ff4e9b88299) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UneohSkvNFg
- **1948**, Strength and Health, November 1948. Bob Hoffman's Strength and Health, published from York, Pennsylvania. Hoffman's York Barbell was the American equipment and supplement business that Weider's would later eclipse. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/cc54361d-bf1c-4963-90d7-1b8c8c2810ed) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Strength_and_Health_1948-11.jpg
### 1949
- **1949**, Cecil Phillips. An American physique competitor of the immediate postwar years, the period when the AAU still controlled amateur competition in the United States and the Weiders' IFBB was newly formed. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/9fc5962d-338d-4489-94ca-272d3dbcee6a) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Cecil_Phillips_1949.jpeg
### 1950
- **1950**, Early Chinese bodybuilding, Shanghai. A physique display in Shanghai. Chinese strength practice has its own institutional history in the stone locks, shisuo, used in Qing military examination training, distinct from the Western physique lineage. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/2dec83c2-2434-45d4-913e-a725a3c7b102) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Early_Chinese_bodybuilding.jpg
- **1950**, Shaban Jafari. Jafari was an Iranian zurkhaneh figure whose later political role made him one of the most contested names in the tradition. The archive records the strength-culture standing, not a verdict on the politics. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/f33ca64f-131f-4450-bcbb-659f10334133) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Shaboon_Jafari.jpg
- **1950**, The Beautiful Val Njord! The First Full Colour Female Cover on a Weider Mag! Your Physique Oct 1949. The first full colour female cover on a Weider magazine, featuring Val Njord. Women appeared on the covers decades before women's bodybuilding existed as a contested sport, and in a very different role. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/abeaabf0-b4b3-46d1-93ed-233199c22b3d) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y3EBRnxaNU4
- **1950**, Joe Weider's first magazines, Rare IronMan mags, Muscle Power and Muscle Builder!. Early Weider magazines alongside rare IronMan issues, Muscle Power and Muscle Builder. Your Physique was renamed Muscle Builder in 1953. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/6639641d-a586-48ff-acc3-9d0494db6beb) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1rBsVC9cxPY
### 1951
- **1951**, Campeonato de Complementos, first edition. A first-edition physique championship, held the same year Monotosh Roy took a NABBA Mr Universe title in London. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/baeb5f0a-9c2f-40fe-a5aa-69b0ee2f3761) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:1951_Campeonato_De_Complementos_1%C2%BA_Edicion_.jpg
- **1951**, Bernarr Macfadden at eighty-three. A press photograph at Teterboro, New Jersey. Macfadden made parachute jumps into his eighties and died in 1955 after refusing medical treatment. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/c7cd7542-7a1e-42d3-87d1-3d17f0a7b108) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Bernarr_Macfadden_1951.jpg
### 1952
- **1952**, Bodybuilders on the front page of Suara Rakyat. Front page of the Indonesian paper Suara Rakyat, 26 April 1952. Physique culture reached Southeast Asia through the same magazine and newsreel economy that carried it through Europe and the Americas. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/f2a69eb1-19e9-4371-a9e3-795c257775ac) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Bodybuilders_Suara_Rakyat_26_Apr_1952_p1.jpg
### 1953
- **1953**, Bill Pearl, Mr America. Bill Pearl won the AAU Mr America in 1953. He lived to 91, one of several counterweights to the sport's record of early deaths, which cluster heavily in the post-1980 mass era. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/03a740d9-9de1-4b39-9668-55e7a5b4dd7e) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Bill_Pearl_1953_Mr_America.jpg
- **1953**, Bob Delmonteque. A Muscle Beach-era physique man. The scene's figures moved fluidly between competing, training others and selling equipment or courses. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/6041cd4e-3fa5-4b49-96b1-f952ab4dcb96) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Bob_Delmonteque_Douglas_1953.jpg
- **1953**, Vic Tanny at his gym. Vic Tanny pioneered the mass-market gym chain and the membership contract. The commercial fitness industry is bodybuilding's largest and least acknowledged export. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/c07810bf-9df0-4a9b-ada3-465d67c2f54f) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Vic_Tanny_with_four_women_exercising_at_his_gym.jpg
- **1953**, Parry O'Brien and Vic Tanny. Tanny with the Olympic shot putter Parry O'Brien. Weight training entered mainstream athletics through exactly these connections. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/7138c4e6-f04c-4cca-b5ca-c5088a4289fd) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Parry_O%27Brien_and_Vic_Tanny_1953.jpg
- **1953**, Ed Fury and Jackie Coey. Photographed for the Los Angeles Daily News. Women appeared in Muscle Beach photography largely as partners in adagio and balancing acts rather than as physique competitors in their own right. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/d424b7c6-7069-43c4-862c-9fe119a7e600) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ed_Fury_and_Jackie_Coey,_1953.jpg
- **1953**, Wally Wright, Mr East Midlands. A British regional physique title from 1953. NABBA had begun the Universe contest in London in 1948, and a dense network of regional titles fed it. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/7ef5d817-a5ed-4440-a4d3-c47257f3a260) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Wally-Wright-Mr-East-Midlands.png
### 1954
- **1954**, Girl Weight Lifters (1954). British Pathe footage of women lifting weights at a gym in Paddington, London, with an instructor correcting technique. Filmed in the same decade that Abbye Stockton was running women's barbell classes at Muscle Beach, and it shows how unusual the sight was thought to be, since the newsreel treats it as a curiosity. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/add01079-abf1-40b6-86cd-293a17ba050b) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V72q3SJW_bI
### 1955
- **1955**, Bill Pearl Posing 1955, Mr America 1953, Mr. Universe 1953, 56, 61, 67, 71 Vintage Bodybuilding 8mm. Bill Pearl posing in 1955. Pearl was Mr America 1953 and took Universe titles in 1953, 1956, 1961 and 1971, was vegetarian for most of his life and lived to 91. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/5fd1c2aa-3b7e-41c3-b59b-68088b483df0) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=76jxRpvSTLM
### 1956
- **1956**, Bill Pearl and Paulette Nelson. Photographed 16 April 1956. Muscle Beach culture was mixed-sex from its beginning in 1934, with women physically central to the acrobatic and adagio work. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/d25dde1a-2d7f-4cce-9dd3-4946555f0b51) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Bill_Pearl_and_Paulette_Nelson_1956.jpg
- **1956**, Art Field at Muscle Beach. The original Muscle Beach at Santa Monica. The City of Santa Monica closed the weight pen in the late 1950s; the date and the reasons are contested and should not be asserted without a contemporaneous citation. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/5b9e1324-5c86-4f16-82a4-643bfd69f45f) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Art_Field.jpg
### 1958
- **1958**, Steve Reeves in Le fatiche di Ercole. Hercules, 1958, made Steve Reeves an international star and launched the Italian peplum cycle. This is how the bodybuilder became a screen archetype before he was a sports figure. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/579deeef-15fc-414a-b090-15c869f33731) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Le_fatiche_di_Ercole_-_Reeves.png
### 1959
- **1959**, Steve Reeves as Hercules. Reeves had won the AAU Mr America in 1947 and the NABBA Mr Universe in 1950 before the films. The physique title was the audition. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/1212dadc-9743-4c18-b593-b3ab1ce5916b) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:HerculesSteveReeves.png
- **1959**, Hercules in the magazines. The peplum cycle exported the physique globally through cinema, reaching audiences no physique magazine could. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/9d562bf7-974c-460d-98ab-31b82f2604f6) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:HerculesMagazine.jpg
- **1959**, Steve Reeves in The Last Days of Pompeii. Reeves made a run of Italian historical adventures through the late 1950s and early 1960s. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/9a5db167-6252-4cbf-8c10-151f5f10f6e3) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Gli_ultimi_giorni_di_Pompei_-_Steve_Reeves.jpg
- **1959**, Goliath and the Barbarians. A poster for one of the cycle's English-language releases. The films were cheap, numerous and internationally distributed. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/f9f6f942-28c6-4f05-a21f-2550152886ac) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Goliath_and_the_Barbarians_(1959)_poster.jpg
- **1959**, Chelo Alonso and Steve Reeves. Reeves with Chelo Alonso. Schwarzenegger has named Reeves as his stated idol, which places this cycle directly upstream of the sport's most famous career. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/45db0c1a-f809-47f5-a1ff-35e2797737ee) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Il_terrore_dei_barbari_(1959)_Alonso_e_Reeves.png
### 1960
- **1960**, Goliath and the Dragon. The genre's American distribution retitled and recut freely. What travelled was the body, not the film. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/ec1aa22e-5824-4dc6-8ab6-2b1b115bda91) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:GoliathAndTheDragon-Poster.jpg
- **1960**, Rare Footage of Michael 'Butty' Sugrue, Ireland's Strongest Man! 1924-1977. Footage of Michael Sugrue, known as Butty Sugrue, an Irish strongman and publican who lived from 1924 to 1977 and performed feats including pulling vehicles by rope held in his teeth. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/d462f66a-2857-4a32-9df2-a414fe863769) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qX6whnRdH7E
### 1961
- **1961**, Jack LaLanne, studio portrait. LaLanne took the Muscle Beach programme onto American television and into a chain of gyms. He lived to 96. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/57a8cff8-bab9-4974-927e-4f34f96c887f) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Jack_LaLanne_1961_portrait.JPG
- **1961**, Reg Park as Hercules. Reg Park also played Hercules in the Italian cycle. Park settled in Johannesburg and built the South African scene. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/1879ac08-63fc-4482-b9a0-75c982f5249d) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ercole_alla_conquista_di_Atlantide_(1961)_Reg_Park.png
- **1961**, Virna Lisi and Steve Reeves. Reeves at the height of the peplum cycle. He died in 2000, and the physique career had been over for a decade by the time of this photograph. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/0c338a0d-e94e-41d8-9165-06b0e1bb9d52) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Virna_Lisi_and_Steve_Reeves_1961.jpg
### 1964
- **1964**, Humberto Garcia Garnica before Mr Mexico. Photographed at Acapulco two weeks before the 1964 Mr Mexico contest. National physique titles were running across Latin America well before the sport's American commercial boom. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/57c96d87-e2ea-468f-8ab7-63889d9e7325) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Humberto_Garc%C3%ADa_Garnica._Acapulco._Quince_d%C3%ADas_previos_al_Mr.Mexico_1964.jpg
- **1964**, Preparation for Mr Mexico. Months of preparation for the 1964 Mr Mexico contest. Latin American national titles ran through the 1960s in parallel with the American circuit and appear almost nowhere in English-language accounts of the period. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/fc85df71-f7cd-451e-bba0-abc4c50970f8) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Meses_antes_prepraci%C3%B3n_MR._MEXICO_1964.jpg
### 1965
- **1965**, Larry Scott 🇺🇸 1st @ 1965 Mr. Olympia (BB). Larry Scott winning the first Mr. Olympia in 1965. Scott won again in 1966 and then retired at the top, which no later champion did. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/8de1ee9e-294b-4bb2-b7bc-dc6ffeffbc0f) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XrfDuzf1LHo
- **1965**, Larry Scott. 1965 and 1966. Joe Weider founded the contest to give Mr Universe winners somewhere to keep competing and to earn money; first prize was 1,000 dollars. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/8b911dc5-f1a3-4f6e-8d08-0fca82b51161) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Bodybuilder_Larry_Scott.jpg
### 1966
- **1966**, Larry Scott wins Mr Olympia 1966 (2nd edition). Best quality ever. Larry Scott winning the second Mr. Olympia in 1966. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/fdf144db-6010-4091-aa3a-28e04a2b5da5) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9ht14726iRA
### 1967
- **1967**, 1967 Mr. Universe: Arnold and Bill Pearl. The 1967 Mr Universe, where Bill Pearl beat Arnold Schwarzenegger. Pearl is the competitor Schwarzenegger has said he could not beat. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/b2179d61-e45b-4009-abf7-7ac3d24f6ccb) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fmVq9UKeOiI
### 1968
- **1968**, Torneo Mr Litoral, junior class. Argentine physique competition under the AFCA. National circuits like this one ran in parallel with the American scene through the 1960s and are almost absent from English-language histories of the sport. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/2900e7df-e07e-40dd-85f6-dc252a162212) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Fisicoculturismo_argentino_AFCA_.HORACIO_PATRONE_4%C2%BA_lugar_Torneo_Mr_LITORAL_1968_(Mr_de_Misters)_en_categoria_junior_(menores_de_21_a%C3%B1os_)_.altura_1,85_mts_peso_85_kilos.fotografia_solo_de_un_sector_de_los_atletas_en_la_preseleccion.jpg
- **1968**, Horacio Patrone, Mr Cultura Fisica. First place in the junior class at the 1968 Mr Cultura Fisica. The Argentine record survives largely through competitors' own photographs rather than any federation archive. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/b1c206ba-78e4-4c0d-a9d4-bc7c7ffeb5c8) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Fisicoculturismo_argentino_AFCA_1%C2%AA_lugar_Horacio_Patrone_Torneo_Mr_CULTURA_FISICA_1968_categoria_junior._altura_1,85_mts_peso_83_kilos,_Pose_de_Espalda.jpg
- **1968**, Most muscular pose, Mr Cultura Fisica. The compulsory poses were the same in Buenos Aires as in California, transmitted through the Weider magazines and the NABBA contest formats. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/d2d03059-500f-4e01-8e6e-dddee187f25f) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Fisicoculturismo_argentino_AFCA_1%C2%AA_lugar_Torneo_Horacio_Patrone_Mr_CULTURA_FISICA_1968_categoria_junior_.jpg_altura_1,85_mts_peso_83_kilos,Pose_de_Mas_Musculado.jpg
- **1968**, Portrait, Hungary. Physique culture continued in the Eastern bloc despite official disapproval. Bodybuilding was discouraged for long periods in the Soviet Union as a bourgeois and narcissistic pursuit. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/dd016a3e-d4b5-4c7e-8e72-83bd06bf4192) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Muscle,_portrait_Fortepan_2589.jpg
### 1969
- **1969**, Arnold Schwarzenegger Wins Mr. Universe Bodybuilding Contest (1969) \| British Pathé. British Pathe newsreel of Arnold Schwarzenegger winning a Mr Universe contest in 1969. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/7d523a87-e939-4037-bb3e-d6dafa796269) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c7Iaz_r2t-g
### 1970
- **1970**, Bodybuilding in den 1970er Jahren \| Dokumentation Schweizermeisterschaft \| SRF Archiv. Swiss television at a national bodybuilding championship in the 1970s, from the SRF archive. Contemporaneous European broadcast footage from the decade of Pumping Iron, made outside the Weider orbit. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/a2294439-82d6-4a4b-8305-b4cb3566b73e) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Mj8g2-muurc
- **1970**, MR. OLYMPİA 1970 - Arnold Schwarzenegger - First Mr Olympia Victory. Arnold Schwarzenegger's first Mr. Olympia win in 1970, beating Sergio Oliva. Oliva had won the three previous editions. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/d1663160-7932-4676-b0f2-274259235d6e) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7SzA4mb5JHU
- **1970**, 1970 & 1971 NABBA MR. UNIVERSE from GMV Bodybuilding. Footage from the 1970 and 1971 NABBA Mr Universe contests in London. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/888dfe4d-7e18-42df-96a2-3046e93ab68c) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-OBnayVYPLs
- **1970**, Torneo Mr Valentin Alsina, novices. The 1970 Mr Valentin Alsina novice class, with Juan Jose Schettino second and Alejandro Risso third. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/a8163843-20ee-4d35-b5a8-d441eb54fddd) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Fisicoculturismo_argentino_AFCA_1%C2%AA_lugar_Torneo_Mr_Valentin_Alsina_1970_categoria_Novicios.jpg_altura_1,85_mts_peso_89_kilos,2%C2%BAlugar_juan_jose_schettino_3%C2%BA_alejandro_b.risso.jpg
- **1970**, Back pose, Mr Valentin Alsina. 1970 was the year Schwarzenegger won the first of his seven Mr Olympia titles, in New York. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/937e960e-e1e3-4ca7-aa7e-4ab87a82e356) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Fisicoculturismo_argentino_AFCA_1%C2%AA_lugar_Torneo_Mr_Valentin_Alsina_1970_categoria_Novicios.jpg_altura_1,85_mts_peso_89_kilos,pose_de_espalda.jpg
- **1970**, Mr Buenos Aires, novice class. Second place at the 1970 Mr Buenos Aires. The Argentine national circuit predated the Arnold Classic South America by more than four decades. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/36565d33-e58f-4cfa-abb8-e49da4793f5f) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:HORACIO_PATRONE_2_%C2%BA_lugar_TORNEO_MR_BUENOS_AIRES_1970_Categoria_NOVICIOS_AFCA_ARGENTINA.jpg
- **1970**, Novice line-up, Mr Valentin Alsina. The full novice line-up at the 1970 contest, staged by the AFCA in Argentina. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/23c350ef-ad12-4fe4-b18f-6d3c2323efda) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:PARTICIPANTES_CATEG_NOVICIOS_DEL_TORNEO_MR_VALENTIN_ALSINA_1970-_AFCA_-_ARGENTINA.jpg
- **1970**, Arnold Schwarzenegger Wins Mr World (1970) - Full Clip From ABC Wide World Of Sports. Arnold Schwarzenegger winning the 1970 Mr World, from ABC's Wide World of Sports. Network sports coverage of a physique contest is itself unusual and dates the moment the sport reached American television. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/99276c51-0763-49ec-860e-d694451b4837) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SJjWLD11Bi4
- **1970**, Arnold Schwarzenegger Wins 1970 AAU Pro Mr. World in Columbus, Ohio. Schwarzenegger winning the 1970 AAU Pro Mr World in Columbus, Ohio, the city that would later host the Arnold Classic. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/d7b73c17-e093-467c-ad66-408f64d3bda6) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HJgVk2I3eOY
- **1970**, Arthur Jones - The Nautilus Cam. Arthur Jones explaining the Nautilus cam, the mechanism the machines were built around and the reason for the company's name. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/892ecd7e-8a40-414e-a329-730ae19878f6) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2xwiv4VmVRw
- **1970**, Arthur Jones training Sergio Oliva - part 1.. Arthur Jones training Sergio Oliva. Jones recruited established competitors to demonstrate his methods, which is how Nautilus reached the sport. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/0349f4d9-cc11-421f-806f-b146ef0d54db) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JEBKHNcMROs
- **1970**, Jacki Sorensen at an Aerobic Dancing event. Sorensen's Aerobic Dancing was one of the vehicles that put organised exercise for women into American commercial life in the 1970s, the decade in which competitive women's bodybuilding was actually founded. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/f63cfee1-3f90-45fc-935a-095014505ca0) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Jacki_Sorensen_at_an_Aerobic_Dancing,_Inc.,_event_in_New_York.jpg
- **1970**, Hercules in New York (1969). Footage from Hercules in New York, Schwarzenegger's first film. His accent was dubbed over by another actor for the original release, and the film was made while he was still competing. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/2cdb8a20-8553-428d-96bf-ad30854af898) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TMUZect_pgY
- **1970**, Hercules in New York (1970) OFFICIAL TRAILER \[HD\]. The trailer for Hercules in New York, in which Schwarzenegger was credited as Arnold Strong. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/4f09ca93-cc77-48dd-8bb7-3925315e4be4) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pvWySqI9uN4
- **1970**, Hercules in New York \| Arnold Schwarzenegger \| ACTION, FANTASY \| Full Movie in English. Hercules in New York in full, the 1970 film that began Schwarzenegger's crossover from the physique circuit into cinema. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/27f1fb9c-8679-45ed-8f81-85ddd93ef9a7) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ee4Swd4ZYgs
### 1971
- **1971**, Franco Columbu - Mr. Olympia 1971 Guest Posing. Franco Columbu guest posing at the 1971 Mr. Olympia. Columbu, from Ollolai in Sardinia, was a boxer and shepherd before bodybuilding and remains the only Italian Mr. Olympia. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/ab676126-af48-44a9-8995-da97a78c4d3b) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HzqleDCHFkg
- **1971**, Training for the 1971 season. Training at a bodyweight of 92 kilos for the 1971 contests. Bodyweights in this era were a fraction of those that would define the sport thirty years later. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/e89b7ff1-3bb1-4d1c-bdbf-4578d7d2f339) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:HORACIO_PATRONE_,_CON_UN_PESO_CORPORAL_DE_92_KILOS._ENTRENANDO_PARA_LOS_TORNEOS_DEL_A%C3%91O_1971.jpg
### 1972
- **1972**, Ted Herbert. An autographed physique photograph, the standard promotional artefact of the era before television and video. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/38f60f4c-cf2f-45be-9544-2884fef1eb49) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ted_Herbert_autographed_photograph.jpg
- **1972**, Weider method advertisement. A back-cover advertisement in Inside Wrestling, March 1972. In the same year US postal inspectors investigated claims that Weider Formula No. 7 would let users gain a pound a day. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/6df57366-b2fa-4f02-a195-14b56ffa695c) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Joe_Weider_method_advertising_-_Inside_Wrestling_Magazine_-_March_1972_backcover_advertising.jpg
- **1972**, How to build a strong, muscular body. Weider mail-order advertising. The shame-based sales pitch invented for Charles Atlas in the 1920s remained the dominant grammar of fitness marketing. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/5ab65a2c-73e1-4a54-a5ca-56194be4164f) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:How_to_build_a_strong,_muscular_body_advertising_-_Joe_Weider_-_Inside_Wrestling_-_December_1972_backcover.jpg
- **1972**, Arnold Strong advertisement. Schwarzenegger advertised under the name Arnold Strong early in his American career. Weider had brought him to California in 1968. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/5545701a-31d8-42fb-af1d-1964bdd0ac04) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Arnold_Strong_Advertising_-_Inside_Wrestling_Magazine_-_November_1972_backcover.jpg
### 1973
- **1973**, Wrestler with meels. Paired Indian clubs, mugdar or meels, are one of the akhara's core implements alongside the gada mace and the nal, a hollow stone cylinder with handles. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/ae6236cd-2f01-4938-84b2-7c4354ed5a4a) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Indian_wrestler_exercising._1973.JPG
- **1973**, Arthur Jones and the Colorado Experiment \[HOW CASEY VIATOR GAINED 63LBS OF MUSCLE!\]. On the Colorado Experiment of 1973, in which Jones reported that Casey Viator gained a very large amount of muscle in 28 days. The study was uncontrolled and conducted by the man selling the machines, and it should be read as a promotional claim rather than a finding. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/82fbf8a3-f276-45c7-90a1-f9c92ddce940) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zcaF8zJ30cs
- **1973**, Bodybuilding in Hungary. Training in socialist Hungary. In much of the Eastern bloc the sport lived in basement gyms, the kachalki, outside official sport structures. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/8b6a3b63-3982-4689-8243-becbc9512828) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Body_building_Fortepan_88928.jpg
### 1974
- **1974**, Madison Square Garden news release. A 1974 news release for a Madison Square Garden physique event. Joe Weider founded the Mr Olympia in 1965 to give Mr Universe winners somewhere to keep competing and to earn money; the first prize was 1,000 dollars. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/28898dfd-05c1-4d0c-9019-171d5ac6834d) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Madison_Square_Garden_News_Release_1974.jpg
- **1974**, Trophy, Mr Norway. The trophy from the 1974 Mr Norway. National titles across Europe carried almost no prize money; the reward was the placing and the route upward. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/11598535-0c16-4ff6-a5b5-e71f261234ab) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Pokal_fra_MR_Norge_1974.jpg
### 1975
- **1975**, 1970s Zoorkhaneh, Iran Warrior Training, Pahlevani. Zurkhaneh training in Iran in the 1970s, from a film archive. The practice was diminished under Reza Shah and revived under Mohammad Reza Pahlavi as part of a nationalism built on pre Islamic heritage, so footage from this decade sits inside that revival. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/6c02684a-27cf-4637-bd06-e025ed17a8f7) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4e8GT_i54ag
- **1975**, RARE DOCUMENTARY ON ARNOLD SCHWARZENEGGER & THE 1975 MR OLYMPIA FROM THE ABC WIDE WORLD OF SPORTS!. ABC's Wide World of Sports on Schwarzenegger and the 1975 Mr. Olympia in Pretoria, the contest Pumping Iron was built around. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/504fcdaf-3645-433a-b83d-909c4aafd512) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hX_E4mIbrVc
- **1975**, RARE INTERVIEW OF ARNOLD SCHWARZENEGGER IN 1975 TALKING ABOUT BODYBUILDING!! BEFORE PUMPING IRON!. A 1975 interview with Schwarzenegger about bodybuilding, recorded before Pumping Iron was released. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/5a172493-9d81-4b33-8a0c-4f25a95df37f) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YcW6PBUttyg
- **1975**, Arnold & Franco Visit Terminal Island Prison - 1975 Extended Footage #bodybuilding #health. Extended 1975 footage of Schwarzenegger and Franco Columbu at Terminal Island prison, an exhibition of the kind the sport used to reach audiences outside the gym. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/7f6937e7-4a3e-45c6-895d-51d07ba92dcb) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U86WymqmlQs
- **1975**, Mr. Olympia 1975 - Original Footage Filmed by Ken Waller. Original footage of the 1975 Mr. Olympia in Pretoria, filmed by competitor Ken Waller. Waller is the subject of the film's stolen shirt scene, which George Butler later said was filmed after the fact, and Waller and Mike Katz were in fact close friends. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/9fd8ad35-aa42-4c8a-9905-7db315908450) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ngxxKD4aQ9g
- **1975**, MR OLYMPIA 1975. The 1975 Mr. Olympia in Pretoria, South Africa. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/8155f44b-0a3e-4967-9389-7f80da2de7bb) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hAq9HXps8O4
- **1975**, THE GOLDEN ERA OF BODYBUILDING TAPE 01 \| FOREVER MASSIVE. A compilation tape of golden era training footage. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/9cb0c93e-d096-4157-a5b6-7f0e19afb730) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JoyGI7TG8tQ
- **1975**, Schwarzenegger filmed for Pumping Iron. Photographed by Harry Chase for the Los Angeles Times. George Butler lit Ferrigno dim and Schwarzenegger bright to cast a villain and an underdog. The film is a constructed work, not a record of events. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/0b5fd1ec-5286-4558-8379-3f44db16f9c8) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Arnold_Schwarzenegger_being_filmed_for_Pumping_Iron.jpg
- **1975**, Gold's Gym, Los Angeles. Joe Gold opened Gold's Gym in Venice around 1965 and sold it in 1970. Gold's Venice became known as the Mecca chiefly because Pumping Iron filmed there. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/a4939633-d1d5-4b3e-bdf7-d346eb523363) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Gold%E2%80%99s_Gym_Los_Angeles-01.jpg
- **1975**, Arthur Jones Trains Boyer Coe Full Body HIT. Arthur Jones taking competitor Boyer Coe through a full body high intensity session on Nautilus equipment. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/f2a9c26c-3fb4-4c9e-baf8-57c4fb026549) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x_jdwyvrpaY
### 1976
- **1976**, Bodybuilding, Hungary. After the Soviet collapse, Eastern European countries saw rapid growth in competitive bodybuilding, building on scenes like this one. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/0d703a0d-dc06-4b2d-8e5e-1fc445394c12) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Body_building_Fortepan_88930.jpg
- **1976**, Stay Hungry Official Trailer #1 - Jeff Bridges Movie (1976) HD. The trailer for Stay Hungry, the 1976 Bob Rafelson film with Jeff Bridges and Sally Field in which Schwarzenegger plays a bodybuilder. It won him a Golden Globe for new star of the year. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/01f4474c-bbd8-43c1-8413-168e46e4b78e) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RdQNTQk5sHk
### 1977
- **1977**, Pumping Iron (1977) Trailer HD \| Documentary \| Arnold Schwarzenegger \| Lou Ferrigno. The 1977 trailer for Pumping Iron. The film is the most important single artefact in the sport's public history and it is partly constructed: Butler lit Ferrigno dim and Schwarzenegger bright to cast a villain and an underdog. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/7a3a2a42-9b2f-4583-a5bc-ba3d8c1795e7) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i4zACggrNsY
- **1977**, ARNOLD SCHWARZENEGGER TALKS ABOUT THE LIFE OF A BODYBUILDER IN 1977 INTERVIEW!. A 1977 interview in which Schwarzenegger describes the life of a competitive bodybuilder. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/c3193436-8147-4a2d-b77b-ee68f1833a28) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QzJkYkTQzuM
- **1977**, October 2, 1977: Arnold - 70's-style. CBS 60 Minutes on Schwarzenegger, broadcast 2 October 1977, the year Pumping Iron was released. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/1e4cecdf-f922-499e-af25-7f1ecac0715e) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nT00qRk5LkQ
- **1977**, Bill Bixby and Lou Ferrigno, The Incredible Hulk. Ferrigno played the Hulk on American television from 1978 to 1982, the year after Pumping Iron cast him as the underdog to Schwarzenegger's villain. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/3334756c-886b-4898-a4ca-02577a919c12) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Bill_Bixby_Lou_Ferrigno_Incredible_Hulk_1977.jpg
### 1978
- **1978**, The Incredible Hulk (1978) Opening titles.. The opening titles of The Incredible Hulk, the CBS series that ran from 1978 to 1982 with Lou Ferrigno as the Hulk. It put a bodybuilder in millions of American living rooms weekly, which no contest ever did. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/b87368de-ab93-4b5b-9c07-a0966d753482) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z9MysTXM_P4
- **1978**, The Incredible Hulk (1978) TV Series. A trailer for the 1978 Incredible Hulk television series. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/ffd22923-1ca5-4d84-8cb7-b604d8f129e3) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=o-In13bZbAQ
### 1979
- **1979**, Franco Columbu Rare 1979 Bodybuilding Interview. A 1979 interview with Franco Columbu, the Sardinian who won Mr. Olympia in 1976 and 1981 and remains the only Italian to do so. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/cb454696-e610-4ce2-846a-d8ef91033289) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SACe6J0380M
- **1979**, Hulk Enters A Body Building Contest! \| The Incredible Hulk \| Science Fiction Station. A sequence from The Incredible Hulk set at a bodybuilding contest. Television's idea of the sport, written by people outside it, reached a far larger audience than the sport's own media. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/06490b17-41fd-4559-9197-31516959efb8) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=faCoh1O3uJQ
- **1979**, The Hulk Stuns At A Bodybuilding Contest \| The Incredible Hulk \| Action Rewind. Another Incredible Hulk sequence set at a physique contest. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/c33fbf0b-715a-4a0a-9711-94935c175041) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=I6WrygeXMhY
- **1979**, Hulk Crashes Bodybuilding Contest! \| The Incredible Hulk \| Science Fiction Station. A further Incredible Hulk contest sequence. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/53346ccc-5687-41e1-9cd6-12768c72f88b) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rz0JI_NPtgI
### 1980
- **1980**, The Comeback 1980. The Comeback, filmed around Schwarzenegger's return at the 1980 Mr. Olympia in Sydney. Wikipedia records that most competitors and observers felt he lacked both mass and conditioning and should not have won over Chris Dickerson or Mike Mentzer, and several athletes threatened boycotts. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/f7df4228-8de1-485e-815c-3be7864942c7) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JOjoMiA3BaU
- **1980**, 1980 MR OLYMPİA - Arnold Schwarzenegger-Chris Dickerson-Frank Zane-Boyer Coe-Mike Mentzer. The 1980 Mr. Olympia in Sydney at length, with Schwarzenegger, Chris Dickerson, Frank Zane, Boyer Coe and Mike Mentzer. The allegation that the result was fixed by Weider interests is contested and belongs to whoever makes it, not to the record. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/97e3ab5b-62cb-4d5b-8dd3-20852979f188) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wZol5c5ccw0
- **1980**, Another Angle of the 1980 Mr. Olympia (Posedown) ("Restored"). A restored alternative camera angle on the 1980 Mr. Olympia posedown. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/7a0886df-a0f1-4a10-89ea-0df2c1914294) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CZ6ZvgmMEM8
- **1980**, Mike Mentzer's Heavy Duty Training Rare Footage. Rare footage of Mike Mentzer training in his Heavy Duty method. Mentzer's system was few sets taken beyond failure, against the high volume orthodoxy of the era. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/fe56aaa6-fd64-4d59-8d8d-1bd1a20d12e7) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0EELqN7wt9o
- **1980**, Arthur Jones - Talks about Nautilus Machines and Full Range Exercise. Arthur Jones speaking about Nautilus machines and full range exercise, in his own voice. Jones argued directly against the high volume orthodoxy the Weider magazines were selling. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/30134ab9-97bf-43ac-a69e-8357d008cc7e) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iB7lfr5out0
- **1980**, Full Arthur Jones Seminar. A full Arthur Jones seminar. Jones was combative and specific, and the recordings are the primary source for a training philosophy usually described second hand. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/8760cde1-a0a1-4edf-a6c6-616b7e34cdec) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HR3DseYfe7I
- **1980**, Full Arthur Jones Seminar Part 2. The second part of a full Arthur Jones seminar. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/d44cf18f-8a0a-40c4-a3e0-4133deff8e18) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qtrOWsI8WBQ
- **1980**, MIKE MENTZER: THE HEAVY DUTY TRAINING SYSTEM (HIGH-INTENSITY TRAINING -- THEORY AND APPLICATION). Mike Mentzer setting out the Heavy Duty system in theory and practice, in his own words. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/aabd25ce-ee66-4c6a-8484-1dede78ccacb) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Bpu059KOycM
- **1980**, OLD BODYBUILDING LITERATURE: A DEEP DIVE INTO JOE WEIDER'S ULTIMATE BODYBUILDING FROM 1989. A close reading of Joe Weider's Ultimate Bodybuilding, one of the instructional books the empire produced alongside the magazines. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/dc72fd18-fc50-47b2-8423-5b97358fc51b) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gmpMBlIqg0g
### 1981
- **1981**, MIKE MENTZER: THE COMPLETE HEAVY DUTY SEMINAR (1981) - Part 1. The first part of Mike Mentzer's complete 1981 Heavy Duty seminar, recorded the year after he stopped competing. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/222ef2e0-0323-4cba-aaa3-aeb42b3f7693) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CkSM6SYylvE
### 1982
- **1982**, Golds In The Early 80s. Footage inside Gold's Gym in the early 1980s. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/e0b3257c-367c-4cbf-9941-274670c4464c) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6C8VSg8EsXA
- **1982**, Shape Up With Arnold Schwarzenegger (1982). Shape Up With Arnold Schwarzenegger, a 1982 home exercise programme. The home video market is where the sport's public image was formed for people who never watched a contest. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/e4ade87d-dea2-4916-a286-4c39a89e860f) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NVnMecXPafM
- **1982**, Ms. Olympia women's bodybuilding 1982 Rachel McLish, Carla Dunlap, Kay Baxter, Kiki Elomaa, and more. The 1982 Ms. Olympia from Atlantic City, with Rachel McLish, Carla Dunlap, Kay Baxter, Kiki Elomaa, Marjo Selin, Gladys Portugues and others. The Ms. Olympia had been running only since 1980, absorbing a sport women had already built through the USWPA and the SPA from 1977 and 1978. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/eaa0a289-2198-41cb-adec-17ec157b102e) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fEPkcJzT1QI
- **1982**, Rachel McLish 🇺🇸 1st @ 1982 Ms. Olympia (WBB). Rachel McLish taking her second Ms. Olympia title in 1982. McLish had won the inaugural Ms. Olympia in Philadelphia in 1980, where first prize was 10,000 dollars. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/bfe0d4ca-f68e-44b7-b2e7-af8037ffc790) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LVbo_CFhYW0
- **1982**, Conan the Barbarian Original Trailer (John Milius, 1982). The original trailer for John Milius's Conan the Barbarian, 1982. Conan is where Schwarzenegger's physique became a film asset rather than a curiosity, and it is the hinge between the sport and his later career. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/b0323d67-5d9f-4280-b71c-cb4677438b12) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mwLBes2Gr8E
- **1982**, The Making of Conan The Barbarian 1982 (1 of 3). The first part of a contemporaneous making of Conan the Barbarian. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/ec360140-23c5-4889-b5c2-f51e6c2f66b6) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5N5yVgpK9Ew
- **1982**, Conan Unchained - Making of Conan The Barbarian. Conan Unchained, the documentary made about the production of Conan the Barbarian. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/613d5c53-1576-414e-b0c3-bd2dc887c485) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=77BF5HjRyAA
- **1982**, Arnold Schwarzenegger interview on Conan the Barbarian (1982). Schwarzenegger interviewed about Conan the Barbarian at the time of release. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/44f23f95-597d-45d1-837b-be96a1160385) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cMQLuoIZhpg
- **1982**, Sandahl Bergman on Conan the Barbarian (1982). Sandahl Bergman on making Conan the Barbarian. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/3bb2d16d-d8bc-4ca1-acc8-150aed37059d) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=adxYxHFG_VU
### 1983
- **1983**, Frank Zane - Individual Posing Routine - 1983 Mr.Olympia. Frank Zane's individual posing routine at the 1983 Mr. Olympia, after his three title run had ended. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/755ae66d-d763-44d9-9ac0-57dcec45dfb6) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=goyFHnnE5E4
- **1983**, Samir Bannout - Individual Posing Routine - 1983 Mr.Olympia. Samir Bannout's individual posing routine at the 1983 Mr. Olympia, which he won. Bannout, the Lion of Lebanon, is described as the first Middle Eastern competitor to take the title. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/260f99a2-89e6-4042-868c-1861475f2b55) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kz8VQ_Plhjc
- **1983**, Samir Bannout - Mr. Olympia 1983 Posing. Samir Bannout posing at the 1983 Mr. Olympia in Munich. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/ff46f120-8c06-4171-99a5-a624a85b9440) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=np-IIREfNqg
- **1983**, Samir Bannout Mr. Olympia 1983 🇱🇧 سمير بنوت أول بطل عربي في كمال الأجسام مستر أولمبيا. Arabic language coverage of Samir Bannout's 1983 Mr. Olympia win. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/dc252a62-73ef-435e-ac67-42c81b14cbb0) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ns8xo1MUAkM
- **1983**, MR OLYMPIA 1983 Samir Bannout Mohamed Makkawy. The 1983 Mr. Olympia in Munich, featuring Samir Bannout and Egypt's Mohamed Makkawy, who was twice Olympia runner up in the 1980s. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/1fc5b1a9-578e-4752-abc2-ac152da498a3) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nn1SiZ_9hEs
- **1983**, Mr.Olympia 1983 full video. The 1983 Mr. Olympia in full. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/69136614-de72-4a6e-a48c-24cc10ad2f5b) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rglGhGgC9SY
- **1983**, 1983 Mr. Olympia Comparisons and Awards. Comparisons and awards at the 1983 Mr. Olympia. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/9a3a1afe-be72-434b-9ea5-53b52965e82e) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=A2Zaz9gDOXE
- **1983**, Steve Michalik trains Bev Francis (1983). Steve Michalik training Bev Francis, footage from Pumping Iron II: The Women. The film was shot around the 1983 Caesars Palace World Cup, so the training material predates the 1985 release. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/a80517aa-7ead-44d6-b547-e8d640d6264d) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iVF2ULaOglE
### 1984
- **1984**, Sergio Oliva "The Myth" 🇨🇺 As A Cop (Profile From 1984). A 1984 profile of Sergio Oliva working as a Chicago police officer. Oliva held the job through and after his competitive career, which is the ordinary economics of the sport in that era. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/fdaf1481-e75f-44d0-90bc-11184086f04a) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UKYI0g8Kt4Y
- **1984**, Sergio Oliva "The Myth" 🇨🇺 Comeback @ Mr. Olympia 1984. Sergio Oliva's comeback at the 1984 Mr. Olympia. Oliva, born in Cuba in 1941, won three Olympia titles from 1967 to 1969 and was the only man to beat Schwarzenegger on that stage. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/5698e1e1-2abe-4bc1-88ab-bec8770ecf74) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rFUFu4iSt2Q
- **1984**, Squatting. The squat, the bench press and the deadlift form the loading base of most hypertrophy programmes. Progressive overload across load, volume and frequency is the operative training principle. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/f13664dd-bcb3-47f4-98ff-a24e840a3ef7) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:RomamSquatJMK1984.jpg
- **1984**, Samir Bannout - Individual Posing Routine - 1984 Mr.Olympia. Samir Bannout's posing routine at the 1984 Mr. Olympia, the year Lee Haney took the first of eight titles. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/4c85b233-10dd-4de0-ae7e-6adf49bfb56b) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Dg9EPKy2eJ8
- **1984**, Lee Haney - Mr. Olympia 1984 Posing. Lee Haney posing at the 1984 Mr. Olympia, the start of eight consecutive titles from 1984 to 1991. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/cca5a3f0-a1c7-42c6-b036-29e616039e7e) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KTtqQ8ca_aQ
- **1984**, Mr. Olympia 1984 - Award Ceremony. The awards ceremony at the 1984 Mr. Olympia. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/92a0d33e-9740-4d55-a8e2-fc2f7136866c) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ITvHWtIzC7c
- **1984**, Teen America contest. An amateur contest from 1984, the year Lee Haney began his eight-year run of Mr Olympia titles. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/9b40d291-b99c-4f95-a223-59bddf06384f) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Teen_America.jpg
- **1984**, Rachel McLish - Individual Posing Routine - 1984 Ms.Olympia. Rachel McLish's individual posing routine at the 1984 Ms. Olympia, the year Cory Everson began her run of six consecutive titles. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/0094cec8-1cc3-4eb5-9a36-0a76d495e2b7) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mNfImZPgEhM
- **1984**, Ms Olympia 1984 female bodybuilding championship Rachel McLish Cory Everson Carla Dunlap fbb. The 1984 Ms. Olympia in full, with Rachel McLish, Cory Everson, Carla Dunlap, Mary Roberts, Kay Baxter, Gladys Portugues and Tina Plakinger. Everson won the first of six consecutive titles here. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/bdf61c0e-4530-441c-b292-724cddc50a29) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x5RD35KB3xA
### 1985
- **1985**, Sergio Oliva "The Myth" 🇨🇺 Last Contest 💪🏿Mr. Olympia 1985. Sergio Oliva's last contest, the 1985 Mr. Olympia. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/dd71932a-15b2-4fc0-ae4c-83035173eaf9) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Oa3Ad_czqas
- **1985**, Bev Francis Posing Routine in Pumping Iron 2. Bev Francis posing in Pumping Iron II: The Women. Francis came from powerlifting and the film cast her as the limit case of how muscular a woman could be and still be judged. Director George Butler later called the sequel a semi documentary and said he staged the Francis and McLish posedown after Francis had already been eliminated. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/da59f18c-0bd7-4706-9568-8df22effa743) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ICy805OOUtc
- **1985**, Pumping Iron II - The Women (1985). Pumping Iron II: The Women, George Butler's 1985 sequel, built around the 1983 Caesars Palace World Cup. Butler described it as a semi documentary and said the Francis and McLish posedown was staged after Francis had already been eliminated, so it should be read as a constructed film rather than a record of the contest. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/fb39a22e-4923-462f-b6fd-824f96fd025c) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xzTh1kL16g8
- **1985**, Siskel & Ebert (1985) - Pumping Iron II: The Women \| Rambo: First Blood Part II \| Brewsters Millions. Siskel and Ebert reviewing Pumping Iron II: The Women on release in 1985, alongside other films of that week. A contemporaneous critical reaction to the film that introduced muscular women to a mass cinema audience. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/14bb0181-5ff3-4ea4-b58f-4247c4d45084) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VZ-ARB3PD20
- **1985**, Woman of the 21st Century TV special Rachel McLish female bodybuilder Cynthia Rothrock mid 1980s.. A mid 1980s television special on women in the new physical culture, featuring Rachel McLish alongside martial artist Cynthia Rothrock, Diana Dennis and Raye Hollitt. Shows how broadcast television packaged muscular women for a general audience. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/9338b86f-5f2e-4e15-8159-8fc42bfb6dea) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-breQKKcqAI
- **1985**, 1985 Lady of Iron Prejudge. Prejudging at the 1985 Lady of Iron contest. Prejudging is where placings are actually decided, in the compulsory poses and comparisons, and it is rarely filmed. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/3a47f375-d8d8-47d8-995a-65f6d5781fd0) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=G-7wCKHcHic
- **1985**, Cory Everson 🇺🇸 1st @ 1985 Ms. Olympia (WBB). Cory Everson winning the 1985 Ms. Olympia, the second of six consecutive titles she took from 1984 to 1989. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/88ba937a-d25d-441d-9388-bcdf3a51336f) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U2XO1JYE1UY
- **1985**, Joe Weider - Basic Bodybuilding Techniques. Joe Weider presenting basic bodybuilding techniques. Weider publications are simultaneously the best documented and the least neutral source in this field, and material like this is where the sport's vocabulary was standardised. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/b9498c4c-1847-40fc-854b-f067a3d0f4a6) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9C7R7AHaQps
### 1986
- **1986**, Danny Trejo on Muscle Beach 1986. Danny Trejo at Muscle Beach in 1986, before his acting career. Muscle Beach's crowd was never only competitors. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/308c2f8d-cd89-4cb3-aa6b-3a98304b90b7) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OP3wbetMFG4
- **1986**, Gold's Gym Reseda - A Visit Back to 1986. A visit to Gold's Gym Reseda in 1986, one of the early franchised locations away from Venice. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/90d2200a-4bd7-4ebe-8d00-23fc7e10af62) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=e7amris9fts
- **1986**, Arthur Jones Nautilus Seminar 1986. Arthur Jones at a Nautilus seminar in 1986. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/fdba3439-62af-42ed-bb60-c8e62c11f461) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6dDn7f2gt30
- **1986**, Rachel McLish On David Letterman Show 1986. Rachel McLish on the David Letterman show in 1986. Talk show appearances were how the sport reached audiences who would never buy a Weider magazine, and McLish was the athlete the promoters put forward for that. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/a69e5035-2ae8-4675-b35c-8843d95158fb) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KcCnbzZwRW4
### 1987
- **1987**, Dave Draper - Drug Use, Why He Quit Bodybuilding & Show Biz 1987 Interview. Dave Draper in a 1987 interview discussing his own drug use, why he left competition and the show business side of the sport. This is an athlete's own account of his own history. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/50087dd1-7c7a-4cf5-bd33-abdea04a87d9) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=G-bRZDydkzU
- **1987**, Donald Liggett. Los Angeles officially dedicated Muscle Beach Venice in 1987, the year of this photograph, formalising a scene that had moved south from Santa Monica decades earlier. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/49362ab1-254d-4c83-9360-e5f64c93dc5e) Source: https://www.flickr.com/photos/42274165@N00/7289906624
- **1987**, 1987 IFBB Night of the Champions - Classic NYC Pro Bodybuilding Show. The 1987 IFBB Night of the Champions in New York, a full professional show. The Night of Champions was the second most important American professional contest of its era after the Olympia. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/885657f4-589d-437b-a9df-c4595c7d5d1c) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_iPSG6daALk
- **1987**, Merike Madar, Estonia's first female bodybuilder. Photographed by Jaan Kunnap in Tallinn. Madar is described as Estonia's first woman bodybuilder, competing while the country was still part of the Soviet Union, where bodybuilding had been officially discouraged for long periods. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/f8227482-6caf-4a58-971e-1d0bac5a10b2) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Merike_Madar_-_Eesti_esimene_naiskulturist_87_(3).jpg
- **1987**, Merike Madar. Described as Estonia's first woman bodybuilder, photographed in Tallinn in 1987 while the country was still part of the Soviet Union. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/0ceae0d7-13e3-4350-981b-3b4c05021ee6) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Merike_Madar_-_Eesti_esimene_naiskulturist_87_(1).jpg
### 1988
- **1988**, Bodybuilding documentary Battle For Gold 1988. Battle For Gold, a 1988 bodybuilding documentary. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/b4a711fe-8d57-492c-b59e-df94ec470462) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Lkhrr7Cq_cc
- **1988**, Lee Haney - Individual Posing Routine - 1988 Mr.Olympia. Lee Haney's individual posing routine at the 1988 Mr. Olympia. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/db186930-88ab-43b6-9ef9-f29cbe34e22f) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zqL2l44pBLY
- **1988**, Cory Everson - Individual Posing Routine - 1988 Ms.Olympia. Cory Everson's individual posing routine at the 1988 Ms. Olympia. Everson's routines were built around dance and presentation as much as muscularity, which is part of why the IFBB held her up as the model. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/9b54d870-df56-4f64-b5cf-15b9a0403b95) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JbgeuPGdb-0
### 1989
- **1989**, 1989 : Momo, le roi de la muscu \| Archive INA. French national television in 1989 on Momo, a figure of the Paris gym scene, from the INA archive. Contemporaneous French broadcast material on gym culture is scarce. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/e38532eb-e85b-4135-b32d-45ee67bdfe01) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8Ca7JLPMqNI
- **1989**, The First Annual Arnold Classic, 1989. The first Arnold Classic, 1989, from the Arnold Sports Festival's own archive. It was won by Rich Gaspari. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/9823ea9a-a0cc-4976-ba6f-f32f2889b688) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fHxIB5Hk_v8
### 1990
- **1990**, Чемпионат СССР по бодибилдингу 1990 г. , г. Таллинн, Эстония (1 часть). The 1990 USSR Bodybuilding Championship in Tallinn, Estonia, first part. Held in the last full year of the Soviet Union, in a republic that would be independent within two years. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/3d73f20e-cb47-47b9-abd0-9545128f0542) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XZlT7b4TwCk
- **1990**, Mike Mentzer: Fundamentals of Muscular Development (Tape 2/4). Mike Mentzer on the fundamentals of muscular development, from his instructional tape series. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/7d0bce05-55fa-4deb-9616-0979e79520c1) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IlLJmant9Ek
- **1990**, Bodybuilder Tonya Knight Tours Muscle Beach and World Gym in Venice, California in 1987. Competitor Tonya Knight touring Muscle Beach and World Gym in Venice around 1990. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/0bbc1bf2-82c0-445c-9a4a-922ab558da39) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3PGcXYphXl8
- **1990**, 1990 Night of Champions & 1991 NOC Highlights from GMV Bodybuilding. Highlights of the 1990 and 1991 Night of Champions. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/c17703d1-89f7-44e8-91b7-3e8cfb9adf19) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2u6DSKcVIZE
- **1990**, Cory Everson's Workout [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/9011c6c9-7dcd-4eb8-9fca-e21a2454445c) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=haRzhqA2as8
- **1990**, 1990 IFBB Ms. Olympia Professional Women's Bodybuilding Full Contest. The 1990 IFBB Ms. Olympia in full, hosted by Cory Everson and Joe Fowler, with the routines of the top sixteen. Lenda Murray won here, beginning six consecutive titles. This is two years before the IFBB introduced its femininity rules. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/63bd1177-5c6a-4c62-a6eb-f5d7ae2084a0) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nQjW7dfUKFY
- **1990**, Lenda Murray 🇺🇸 1st @ 1990 Ms. Olympia (WBB). Lenda Murray taking the 1990 Ms. Olympia, the first of eight titles. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/cd689dfd-55c9-4320-919f-1077ded13945) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Bzidzrjo_xY
- **1990**, OLD BODYBUILDING MAGAZINES: A deep dive into an issue of FLEX from 1990.. A close reading of a 1990 issue of Flex, the Weider title aimed at the hardcore end of the readership. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/a0fb9ddc-7898-4c39-8d7b-be635862ed95) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=I1305umVbyE
### 1991
- **1991**, MIKE MENTZER: THE COMPLETE INTERVIEW (1991). A complete 1991 interview with Mike Mentzer. Mentzer placed fourth at the disputed 1980 Mr. Olympia, tied with Boyer Coe, and never competed again. He died in 2001 of heart complications, and his brother Ray died two days later. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/26419a4c-a84d-4eba-a596-42b92e066c1c) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zNjhzdvAEUI
- **1991**, Lee Haney 🇺🇸 1st @ 1991 Mr. Olympia (BB). Lee Haney winning the 1991 Mr. Olympia, his eighth and last title. Haney retired healthy, which distinguishes him from most of the record holders. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/cf9d821e-99c4-4ef2-9da4-f34308e2ce2e) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=l-aNa-E0vZg
- **1991**, Lee Haney 1991 Mr Olympia Finals. The finals of the 1991 Mr. Olympia, Haney's last. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/94e3ba94-1acc-4a68-ab8e-faaf09d3a762) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tzu9-dmKKjk
- **1991**, 1991 Ms. Olympia Full Original LIVE TV Broadcast. The 1991 Ms. Olympia as a full live television broadcast, including interviews with Ben Weider and Pete Grymkowski and an award presentation for Rachel McLish. Described by the uploader as the only live Ms. Olympia broadcast, it is a rare record of how the sport presented its women to a television audience. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/4484f44e-29b9-4faf-bdc7-e4c59099c10f) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LOJYkTFG8AA
- **1991**, Bev Francis 🇦🇺 2nd @ 1991 Ms. Olympia (WBB). Australia's Bev Francis placing second at the 1991 Ms. Olympia. Francis came second at the Ms. Olympia repeatedly and never won it, in the years when the IFBB was moving to limit muscularity. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/c22b217f-f97d-48e7-b7c0-c34aa0c4188e) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Kd5JpTDtDtg
- **1991**, Lenda Murray. 1990 to 1995, and two more in 2002 and 2003. This photograph is from April 1991, between her first and second. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/b292c702-a2d4-414b-b843-abb71b8f91b4) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Paolo_Tassetto_con_Lenda_Murray_13_aprile_1991.jpg
### 1992
- **1992**, Dorian Yates 🇬🇧 1st @ 1992 Mr. Olympia (BB). Dorian Yates winning the 1992 Mr. Olympia, the first of six consecutive titles for the Englishman. Yates trained on a low volume method derived from Mike Mentzer's. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/cf89f745-01fc-4745-b39f-d72c44824eb7) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eAWJV4KVdMU
- **1992**, 1992 Mr. Olympia Posedown - Yates vs Levrone!. The posedown at the 1992 Mr. Olympia between Dorian Yates and Kevin Levrone. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/c7e77da2-6053-4577-9e92-7bdc7fc1d1f2) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GlCx3veILnA
- **1992**, Mr Olympia 1992 - Helsinki backstage pumproom interview - Part4 (Dorian Yates). A backstage pump room interview with Dorian Yates at the 1992 Mr. Olympia in Helsinki. The pump room is where competitors wait, and it is rarely filmed. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/6ea66a63-0089-42b1-8235-43551d0ed276) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9kv9unMOoZ8
- **1992**, Lenda Murray 🇺🇸 1st @ 1992 Ms. Olympia (WBB). Lenda Murray winning the 1992 Ms. Olympia. The IFBB introduced its femininity rules in 1992, with judges instructed to look for a feminine but not emaciated physique and competitors told not to be too big. No equivalent instruction was ever issued to men. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/3e3b976d-ca17-4af1-8597-5d6b68d0d9f8) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QxSuu8n_G6I
### 1993
- **1993**, Bodybuilding (1993) \| Krafttraining im Fitnessstudio \| SRF Archiv. Swiss television reporting on bodybuilding and gym weight training in 1993, from the SRF archive. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/d1deb59d-23b3-47d8-9d03-94ef8d0d26d1) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=T51bMTGFfdM
- **1993**, OLD BODYBUILDING MAGAZINES : A DEEP DIVE INTO AN ISSUE OF FLEX FROM NOVEMBER 1993.. A close reading of the November 1993 issue of Flex. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/c83b5037-f0dc-4997-8550-200bfac8f6e3) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AsPKUsu6LJk
### 1994
- **1994**, 1994 NPC Women's Nationals Bodybuilding Championships. The 1994 NPC Women's National Bodybuilding Championships, the amateur contest through which American women earned IFBB professional status. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/68a962ee-7a2f-429d-9ada-17e35a39f64c) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F6X3JbIfblg
### 1995
- **1995**, The Seventh Annual Arnold Classic, 1995. The seventh Arnold Classic, 1995. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/56c93896-d959-4f3f-ac1f-eb71e929b41b) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Gatktnbxsg0
- **1995**, In Shape with Rachel McLish. 1995 workout programme. The home video market was where retired competitors made a living, and it is also where the sport's public image was set for people who never watched a contest. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/fbf88a02-43e4-49f8-86cd-96ad2e9a800b) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CR294VG0j3o
- **1995**, Lenda Murray 🇺🇸 1st @ 1995 Ms. Olympia (WBB). Lenda Murray's sixth consecutive Ms. Olympia in 1995. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/a0e8b189-9675-4490-9888-68db02190754) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S95HciA9fAI
### 1996
- **1996**, MIKE MENTZER: HEAVY DUTY TRAINING SEMINAR (1996) UNCUT #mikementzer #fitness #motivation #gym. Mike Mentzer's 1996 Heavy Duty training seminar, uncut. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/10fa61f2-860e-4900-8c59-b1c66351f28f) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cbynfBsV-TI
- **1996**, Kim Chizevsky 🇺🇸 1st @ 1996 Ms. Olympia (WBB). Kim Chizevsky winning the 1996 Ms. Olympia, the first of four consecutive titles. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/879d2e65-ac65-48a5-b46d-bc6eacf3ade4) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KntyjjDhB-M
- **1996**, OLD BODYBUILDING MAGAZINES : A DEEP DIVE INTO AN ISSUE OF FLEX MAGAZINE FROM AUGUST 1998.. A close reading of a 1996 issue of Flex magazine, examining the advertising as much as the editorial. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/04cac5d5-91fb-4afb-8d92-36110be210e4) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UyMVKj-kp0c
### 1997
- **1997**, Dorian Yates 🇬🇧 1st @ 1997 Mr. Olympia (BB). Dorian Yates winning the 1997 Mr. Olympia, his sixth and final title. Yates has publicly acknowledged roughly twelve years of regular drug use, which makes him one of very few top competitors where the subject is on his own record rather than allegation. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/5854b27f-259e-457c-9bb2-4e98cafded0d) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=a4YqTi-skH0
- **1997**, Dorian Yates / Mr.Olympia - 1997 / Дориан Ятс. Dorian Yates at the 1997 Mr. Olympia. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/bfffdff1-d9cb-471e-9164-9a1e535791de) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uNtG-4K95JE
- **1997**, MR.OLYMPIA - 1997 - TOP-6 comparisons and awards (Dorian Yates, Nasser El Sonbaty, Shawn Ray). Top six comparisons and awards at the 1997 Mr. Olympia, with Dorian Yates, Nasser El Sonbaty and Shawn Ray. The result was widely disputed at the time. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/8857bb35-6aa0-42ae-851c-e11f2ecd393d) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lSG1zlJmqRs
- **1997**, The Ninth Annual Arnold Classic, 1997. The ninth Arnold Classic, 1997. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/19b2982c-bfe0-472f-ad19-2ed152837b24) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bXgERCYwQUI
- **1997**, 4x Miss Olympia Kim Chizevsky’s Unforgettable 1997 Guest Posing Performance: Restored Rare Footage. Kim Chizevsky guest posing at the 1997 North Coast Championship, restored footage. Guest posing was how professionals earned between contests. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/d16c9a1a-657e-4150-bcde-44ff363467cc) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xuP9BafuTQI
- **1997**, Ms International, Arnold Classic 1997. The 1997 Ms. International at the Arnold Classic, from the Arnold Sports Festival's own channel. The Ms. International was the second most important women's professional title after the Ms. Olympia. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/18c2a129-01a6-4691-87a8-263f588751f1) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GzbSkCsoqcw
- **1997**, Final - Ms. International Arnold Classic 1997. Finals of the 1997 Ms. International at the Arnold Classic. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/ba83012e-71b2-4fe0-a51a-dc15b5efb323) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Z48TE1ytN_w
- **1997**, OLD BODYBUILDING MAGAZINES: A deep dive into an issue of MUSCLE AND FITNESS from 1997.. A close reading of a 1997 issue of Muscle and Fitness, the Weider mass market title. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/6e5e5b1f-e551-4467-acaf-00d8cb0d0a5d) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_pLVGNxRyx8
### 1998
- **1998**, MIKE MENTZER HIT UNDERGROUND SEMINAR (1998) pt 1 & 2 - complete movie upload.. Mike Mentzer's 1998 underground seminar on high intensity training, both parts. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/668b9a0a-be71-43ee-a2b1-ac2f3c9eceb0) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lUsfKJW_XhQ
- **1998**, Ronnie Coleman 🇺🇸 1st @ 1998 Mr. Olympia (BB). Ronnie Coleman winning the 1998 Mr. Olympia, the first of eight consecutive titles that tie Lee Haney's record. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/29dcf694-8d3c-490e-9de4-212b675258ad) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3kt9zsqGmSA
- **1998**, 1998 MR OLYMPIA PREJUDGING - The Best Bodybuilding from 90s. HD. Prejudging at the 1998 Mr. Olympia. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/44794245-b829-40a4-8116-8dc665ece219) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=O7Wl_PzhkUI
- **1998**, Mr Olympia 1998 ( Nasser El Sonbaty c'est vraiment fait bien avoir?). The 1998 Mr. Olympia in full, with French commentary questioning the placing of Nasser El Sonbaty. El Sonbaty was German born of Egyptian and Yugoslav parentage and died in 2013. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/45a6a802-7784-43d6-9dd9-665637fcd41b) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fJvPDSUeOWk
### 1999
- **1999**, Northern Japan Bodybuilding Championships. Japan's JBBF is one of the few national federations reported to enforce drug testing in practice. The IFBB Pro League still does not routinely test and the NPC does not require it. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/b34ed194-8f59-4ea6-ac78-7129577a74d6) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Annual_Northern_Japan_Bodybuilding_Championships_in_1999.JPEG
- **1999**, 1999 Ms. International Was INSANE 🔥 Best Female Bodybuilding Lineup Ever? (Remastered). Remastered footage of the 1999 IFBB Ms. International, held on Arnold Classic weekend. The 1999 season was the last before the IFBB's pressure on muscularity intensified, and Kim Chizevsky won her fourth and final Ms. Olympia that year. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/7edc733d-1385-48d0-b1b2-18966ec17c3b) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wp24QUlWB1k
- **1999**, Kim Chizevsky 🇺🇸 1st @ 1999 Ms. Olympia (WBB). Kim Chizevsky winning the 1999 Ms. Olympia, her fourth consecutive title. She did not defend it. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/985cf456-4b5c-4ed6-aab3-ea018c657070) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=E9OZQAdVdeo
### 2000
- **2000**, \[2000.日本ボディビル選手権大会\] ポ－ズダウン. The posedown at the 2000 Japan Bodybuilding Championships. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/b8cd54dd-317a-4116-8b0b-91925f0b03a8) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ILhRcj69lM8
- **2000**, Ronnie Coleman at San Marino. Photographed at the professional world championship in San Marino, 28 October 2000. Coleman won eight Mr Olympia titles from 1998 to 2005. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/fab44903-f27a-4833-8dd2-5c087fa12ac3) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:28-10-2000_Ronnie_Coleman_Professional_Body-Building_World_Championship_Repubblica_di_San_Marino,_Mr._Olympia_dal_1998_al_2005.JPG
- **2000**, OLD BODYBUILDING MAGAZINES : A DEEP DIVE INTO AN ISSUE OF MUSCULAR DEVELOPMENT FROM AUGUST 2004 (2). A close reading of an issue of Muscular Development, the Weider rival that competed on the hardcore end. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/df32e3e4-8855-4b20-8887-b2b461414400) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-z4TwdbEUZA
- **2000**, RONNIE COLEMAN - THE UNBELIEVABLE MOVIE (2000) COMPLETE UPLOAD. The Unbelievable, the 2000 Ronnie Coleman release. Athlete video releases were the sport's own distribution channel before YouTube, sold through the magazines. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/a063f22c-f933-41a8-b3fd-bda8046ee608) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LIpMadkWAQ4
### 2001
- **2001**, Ali Tabrizi. An Iranian bodybuilder. Iran carries both the zurkhaneh tradition and a modern competitive scene, giving it the longest continuous strength culture of any country in this archive. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/c98ff3d8-7728-421a-a8a2-6cc5524d92b8) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ali_tabrizi_2000.png
### 2002
- **2002**, El Shahat Mabrouk 2002 🇪🇬 بطل العالم المصري كمال الاجسام شحات مبروك. El Shahat Mabrouk competing in 2002. Mabrouk was an Egyptian world amateur champion of the generation before Big Ramy, and the continuity between them is the argument against treating Egypt's rise as sudden. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/31c394fc-eb89-44e8-8858-21d7635341ff) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X9OnYM1Y6Y8
- **2002**, Muscle Beach, Santa Monica. The original Muscle Beach was a 1934 Works Progress Administration installation on the sand south of the Santa Monica Pier. American bodybuilding's cradle was a federal jobs programme, not a private gym. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/9128a5d5-b0fe-40c6-a8f5-007ca83c7ab5) Source: https://www.flickr.com/photos/11399912@N00/6132622
- **2002**, Lenda Murray 🇺🇸 1st @ 2002 Ms. Olympia (WBB). Lenda Murray winning the 2002 Ms. Olympia after returning from retirement, seven years after her sixth consecutive title. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/782283c5-bba8-422b-be1e-a4309b2472cc) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L5d-TZEmwDI
### 2003
- **2003**, Чемпионат России по бодибилдингу 2003 +95. The over 95kg class at the 2003 Russian Bodybuilding Championship. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/8d47d03f-6987-46e5-94ae-6823384ffb0f) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZYDDWPGMZLs
- **2003**, 2003 Mr. Olympia - Ronnie Coleman Posing Routine. Ronnie Coleman's posing routine at the 2003 Mr. Olympia. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/d1dd47e6-7297-488e-a269-264bdff87ffa) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GqQN3iDVs-I
- **2003**, RONNIE COLEMAN - LEGS AND POSING - BATTLE FOR THE OLYMPIA 2003. Ronnie Coleman training legs and posing, from the Battle For The Olympia 2003 release. Coleman worked as a police officer in Arlington, Texas, during much of his competitive career. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/9cd6107b-5c5a-492f-9d63-69c7b530dd9b) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bo2SOv7y7oY
### 2004
- **2004**, Iris Kyle 🇺🇸 1st @ 2004 Ms. Olympia (WBB). Iris Kyle winning the 2004 Ms. Olympia. The IFBB issued its 20 percent rule the same year, a directive asking female athletes to decrease muscularity by a factor of 20 percent. It was contested by competitors, not least because nobody defined 20 percent of what. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/20cd4405-0c35-4ae4-9389-8ff59a1168bf) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jsVgERjbZwk
### 2005
- **2005**, 05 Korean National bodybuilding Contest(-80kg). The under 80kg class at the 2005 Korean national bodybuilding championship. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/97020895-2f46-4499-9750-9db307b76be5) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZOq3YB3Cg4Y
- **2005**, Weights in a shack, Aliwal North. Barbells in a township shack in South Africa. Reg Park settled in Johannesburg and built the South African scene there, though the country's bodybuilding history is far larger than that one figure. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/43be2000-9704-4b59-84d2-4675d76fbdf5) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Aliwal_North_-_Dukatole_-_03.05_-_Shack.jpg
- **2005**, Lifting belt. A weight training belt. Much standard gym equipment originated as competitive weightlifting kit and was carried across. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/a1eca324-f464-49e3-ad1a-c2f3022c0807) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Gewichthebeg%C3%BCrtel.JPG
- **2005**, The Venice weight pen. 1950s. The exact date and the reasons remain contested in the sources. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/10f66034-07c7-4672-bab5-9a6d488298d0) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Muscle_Beach_Venice.jpg
- **2005**, Muscle Beach regulars. Muscle Beach culture was acrobatic and gymnastic first and physique second: hand balancing, adagio, tumbling and pyramids, with women participating from the outset. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/77321cde-d856-405b-ae24-a1ea2816daba) Source: https://www.flickr.com/photos/82592087@N00/77353711
- **2005**, Physique display in Taipei. A Taiwanese competitor posing at a public event in Taipei. East Asian competitive scenes developed through national federations rather than an American professional pathway. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/cb495c2a-0360-4f73-80b0-34638249fd97) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:%E7%92%B0%E4%BF%9D%E8%81%AF%E7%9B%9F%E8%A8%98%E8%80%85%E6%9C%83%E4%BD%8D%E6%96%BC%E5%8F%B0%E5%8C%97NGO%E6%9C%83%E9%A4%A8%E7%9A%84%E5%81%A5%E7%BE%8E%E5%85%88%E7%94%9F%E9%BB%83%E9%9D%9C%E4%BF%AE%E8%A1%A8%E6%BC%94.jpg
### 2006
- **2006**, Muscle Beach Venice, California. In 1985 Weider settled with the Federal Trade Commission over misleading muscle-building claims for products including Anabolic Mega-Pak, agreeing to pay a minimum of 400,000 dollars in refunds. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/57ffd450-339b-4f96-9291-0ed5e0061232) Source: https://www.flickr.com/photos/25089078@N02/2826622263
- **2006**, The site of the original Muscle Beach. The Santa Monica site, south of the pier, where the Works Progress Administration installed exercise equipment on the sand in 1934. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/c66d18ef-5554-4115-ade9-c36d1d9bb5a7) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:The_location_of_original_Muscle_Beach.jpg
- **2006**, Jay Cutler 🇺🇸 1st @ 2006 Mr. Olympia (BB). Jay Cutler winning the 2006 Mr. Olympia, ending Ronnie Coleman's eight year run. Cutler took four titles and was the first man to lose the title on stage and then win it back. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/78513a5a-600b-4a83-920d-3adf54c3dcb7) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0yzRXLtxglA
- **2006**, Battle For The Olympia 2006 - Complete DVD Movie Upload! Jay Cutler Wins!. The complete Battle For The Olympia 2006 release, nearly eight hours covering the contest Jay Cutler won. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/13c84e0c-8747-48dc-8aac-03c51d5daf4a) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2km0OiIp32c
- **2006**, Jay Cutler - Back Workout - Battle For The Olympia 2006. Jay Cutler's back workout from the Battle For The Olympia 2006 release. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/60027620-a68a-41b0-9f37-c915ff4d2a80) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VPcWHVByaHs
- **2006**, Dexter Jackson 🇺🇸 4th @ 2006 Mr. Olympia (BB). Dexter Jackson placing fourth at the 2006 Mr. Olympia. Jackson won in 2008 and competed at the top level for longer than anyone else in the sport. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/86a7b1f4-7a80-487d-8814-3179fa0cb962) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Mf6_bsVb7jg
- **2006**, Women's bodybuilding and fitness competition, Quebec. Fitness, introduced in the mid 1990s, added a choreographed routine to the physique assessment. Each division introduced after it has been less muscular than the last. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/e26014d1-d654-4705-bc50-79edd6380db0) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Female_bodybuilding_and_fitness_competition,_Qu%C3%A9bec,_2006.jpg
- **2006**, Figure competition, San Diego. Figure, from around 2003, judged muscularity without the routine and on a less extreme standard than bodybuilding. It absorbed entrants and sponsorship away from the bodybuilding class. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/e136ab80-73e5-41c7-a622-b97fb263e73d) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:US_Navy_060318-N-9869B-070_U.S._Navy_reservist,_DaRicha_Garner,_left,_poses_with_another_competitor_for_a_photo_of_the_top_five_in_the_Class_D_Figure_Competition,_during_the_GNC_-_NPC_World_Gym_Classic_San_Diego_Bodybuilding_%5E.jpg
### 2007
- **2007**, Zurkhaneh interior with portrait of Takhti. Gholamreza Takhti, 1930 to 1968, the Olympic wrestling champion and national embodiment of the pahlavan ideal. His death was ruled a suicide and is widely believed in Iran to have been a killing by SAVAK. The archive presents that as contested, not resolved. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/0481ab93-9b2e-4428-8655-c3c12b4cd356) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Akhar_(137).jpg
- **2007**, Jack LaLanne at Venice. LaLanne was one of the central Muscle Beach figures and the one who carried its programme furthest into mainstream American life, through television and a chain of gyms. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/fb599d7f-91d2-4018-a971-030d1c7ad6ae) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Jack_LaLanne.jpg
- **2007**, DEXTER JACKSON - SHOULDERS (2007) BATTLE FOR THE OLYMPIA DVD. Dexter Jackson training shoulders, from the Battle For The Olympia 2007 release. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/833dfcbd-3696-4e15-a8b7-7e1f542759ed) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oj1TWSrlRak
### 2008
- **2008-05-19**, Alan Calvert's Super Strength. On Alan Calvert's Super Strength. Calvert patented an adjustable barbell in January 1902 and founded the Milo Barbell Company that April, naming it for Milo of Croton, which is how an ancient anecdote got welded to the sport. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/f1ddc7ec-6751-4aaf-a12c-3c39489b930a) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qVLQJTQr01w
- **2008**, #Docu: Bigger, Stronger, Faster\* (Chris Bell, 2008). Bigger, Stronger, Faster, Chris Bell's 2008 documentary on anabolic steroids in American sport and in his own family. It is the most widely seen film on the subject and it argues that the public understanding of the drugs is shaped more by moral panic than by evidence. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/ac2419cc-e54e-416f-80e1-4107f5401ca8) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LOYdsggDV8o
- **2008**, Bigger Stronger Faster\* (2008) Official Trailer #1 - Steroids Documentary Movie HD. The 2008 trailer for Bigger, Stronger, Faster. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/a01f298a-caa1-4fdd-a0ad-5bf27eb94175) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cpWAK1IkxVY
- **2008**, BIGGER STRONGER FASTER\* deleted scene: "Roid Rage". A deleted scene from Bigger, Stronger, Faster on roid rage, examining how firmly the link between steroids and violence is actually established. The documented psychiatric findings include aggression, mania and less frequently psychosis and suicide. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/fc18425b-b42f-4a7b-92ea-7715e4510665) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yG89XmCCaw4
- **2008**, BIGGER STRONGER FASTER\* deleted scene: "Steroids for HIV". A deleted scene from Bigger, Stronger, Faster on anabolic steroids prescribed for HIV wasting, a legitimate clinical use of the same class of drug. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/913f502a-5c24-4f46-b3e5-117f63ae995e) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dLv-rEaXW28
- **2008**, BIGGER STRONGER FASTER\* Deleted Scene-Mr. Olympia Jay Cutler. A deleted scene from Bigger, Stronger, Faster featuring Mr. Olympia Jay Cutler. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/5d236a7a-bade-4cc2-bc73-3a6b59bfabfd) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vE6uegoRiFk
- **2008**, High-protein nutritional fluid. Bob Hoffman's Hi-Proteen and Rheo Blair's protein powders are the commercial origin of the sports supplement category in the mid twentieth century. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/80755848-3ab1-41a0-9ec9-b12130005dea) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Glucerna_Select_1_liter_specialized_high-protein_nutritional_fluid.JPG
- **2008**, Capsules. The FDA has repeatedly found products sold as dietary supplements to contain undeclared pharmaceutical ingredients, including in categories marketed for muscle building. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/53a62832-dff4-4a12-967d-ec50e6ed530e) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Four_colors_of_pills.jpg
- **2008**, Zurkhaneh (House of Strenght): Traditional Iranian/Persian gym. Short footage inside an Iranian zurkhaneh. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/a96125a4-6432-4cb6-b5d5-0c5046c6c10b) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SNZeb-SSj-w
- **2008**, Bodybuilding; Winner +100 kg, Hamouda Ahmed, Egypt. Hamouda Ahmed of Egypt winning the over 100kg class at an international amateur contest in 2008. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/321ca097-aadf-45c4-bf50-2e2ace1e1ca8) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RAiLFFbsdH8
- **2008**, Murali Vijayakumar. An Indian bodybuilder. India's modern federations descend from the Indian Bodybuilding Federation, founded in 1958 by Monotosh Roy, who had himself taken a NABBA Mr Universe title in the Group III amateur class in 1951. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/49dcca94-0f9b-4cd1-87d1-9be923ed997f) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:MuraliVijayakumar.jpeg
- **2008**, Bodybuilding in India. Gym bodybuilding in India developed alongside, not out of, the akhara tradition, and the two have an uneasy relationship. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/452129c3-8394-4062-8e49-577da6149314) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:CPS2572.jpg
- **2008**, Greek halteres. Halteres, hand-held stone or metal weights used in Greek athletics. They are the ancestor of the dumbbell, and the English word barbell derives from the same lineage of implements. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/eef15346-7f46-482e-b104-dc2bc3d5896c) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Halteres_from_ancient_Greece.JPG
- **2008**, Barbells at Chor Bazaar, Mumbai. Second-hand weights for sale in Mumbai. Cast iron is close to indestructible, and much of the world's gym equipment has circulated for decades. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/731a56a3-8dab-43b1-b1fe-1a920845b02a) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Barbells_chor_bazaar.jpg
- **2008**, Gym in Guanacaste, Costa Rica. A small commercial gym. The basic equipment set of bar, plates, bench and rack has been globally standard for seventy years. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/15228eec-45c1-4570-90ad-c7e51f22c464) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:El_Gran_Peleador%27s_gym_in_Guanacaste,_Costa_Rica.jpg
- **2008**, Venice weight pen. The outdoor weight pen is the form the sport took before the commercial gym. Vic Tanny, a Muscle Beach figure, pioneered the mass-market chain and the membership contract. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/f38d65fb-4051-4d82-8c87-b7eb991fbc7f) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Venice_Muscle_Beach.jpg
- **2008**, Bodybuilding at Muscle Beach. Joe Gold, another Muscle Beach regular, opened Gold's Gym in Venice around 1965 and later founded World Gym. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/7c780c93-8811-47cd-9eda-fe300bdafc3c) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Body_Building_@_Muscle_Beach_-_panoramio.jpg
- **2008**, Muscle Beach workout centre. The modern commercial gym chain descends directly from bodybuilding, through Tanny and later Gold's and World. The fitness industry is the sport's largest and least acknowledged export. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/d994b255-007a-4e7e-b568-a55478aaa20c) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Muscle_Beach_Workout_Center_-_panoramio.jpg
- **2008**, Muscle Beach memorabilia. Gold's Venice became known as the Mecca largely because Pumping Iron filmed there in the mid 1970s. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/d58ff637-7fce-463f-8a99-6cae38b48ff7) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Muscle_Beach_Memorabilia_-_panoramio.jpg
- **2008**, Muscle Beach, Venice. Venice absorbed the scene that Santa Monica had shed, and the boardwalk pen became the sport's most photographed single location. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/08141f7c-5656-4397-9380-9d7004b6109b) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Muscle_Beach_@_Venice_California_-_panoramio.jpg
- **2008**, Muscle Beach Fitness. By the 2000s the site functioned as much as a tourist attraction as a training facility, a shift that had begun with the film. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/811878bf-7ef7-468b-b03f-e6ae0c81a227) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Muscle_Beach_Fitness_-_panoramio.jpg
- **2008**, Venice Muscle Beach, morning. The Venice pen operates as a paid-entry public facility run by the City of Los Angeles. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/91789b7b-e064-48c1-bc54-e51ad67f5512) Source: https://www.flickr.com/photos/85598619@N00/2651043943
- **2008**, Training at Venice. Steve Reeves and Armand Tanny were among the Santa Monica generation whose look defined the physique standard through the 1950s. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/4b072403-b730-4b8b-9e5b-32db360cd695) Source: https://www.flickr.com/photos/85598619@N00/2651074759
- **2008**, Venice boardwalk pen. Pudgy and Les Stockton were among the couple acts that made Muscle Beach a mixed-sex scene decades before women's bodybuilding contests existed. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/47f2fe74-30bf-4e74-a694-8beb3f1764f3) Source: https://www.flickr.com/photos/85598619@N00/2651258425
- **2008**, Muscle Beach Venice, the pen. The scene's continuity from 1934 to the present runs through two sites and one culture of public, outdoor, unpaid training. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/e135869a-c313-4273-ae54-41d9b383d648) Source: https://www.flickr.com/photos/85598619@N00/2651890294
- **2008**, Muscle Beach gym. The enclosed Muscle Beach gym adjoining the outdoor pen at Venice. Joe Gold opened Gold's Gym in the same neighbourhood around 1965, sold it in 1970 and later founded World Gym. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/e13ac73b-c3d7-443f-8d9c-d88ca6e68614) Source: https://www.flickr.com/photos/12449076@N05/3082546637
- **2008**, Ronnie Coleman. Photographed in October 2008, three years after Coleman's last Olympia title. He won eight, tying Lee Haney, and has since spoken publicly about the physical cost of the career. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/0654261c-a923-42a3-bb02-7169c6fffbb7) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:2008_10_Ronnie_Coleman_01.jpg
- **2008**, Ms. Olympia stage, Las Vegas. The 2008 Ms. Olympia in Las Vegas, 26 September 2008. Prize money for the women's title was a fraction of the men's; by 2020 the Ms. Olympia paid 95,000 dollars against 600,000 for Mr Olympia in 2024. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/0eb0ddba-c7e5-4535-91bc-8b3d1d063992) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:EM_DSC_2301_(2893815951).jpg
- **2008**, Iris Kyle at the Ms. Olympia. Iris Kyle won ten Ms. Olympia titles, nine of them consecutive from 2006 to 2014. She is the most decorated bodybuilder of either sex in Olympia history and is almost unknown outside the sport. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/0bf69c2b-0a47-48af-9f30-3ffc3eca9414) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Iris_Kyle_posing_at_2008_Ms._Olympia_(cropped).jpg
- **2008**, Comparison round, Ms. Olympia. Competitors including Dayana Cadeau and Catherine LeFrancois. The IFBB cancelled the Ms. Olympia after Kyle's final win in 2014 without giving a reason. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/c5a1e30d-3afd-48e9-ae74-00b32c0990b5) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:EM_DSC_2337_(2894683404).jpg
- **2008**, Ms. Olympia line-up. The Rising Phoenix World Championships functioned as the de facto replacement from 2015 to 2019. The Ms. Olympia returned in 2020, coinciding with a change of ownership of the Olympia rather than a change of policy at the IFBB. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/10e6c75d-e786-4f14-b729-f4b9244c6906) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:EM_DSC_2338_(2893842111).jpg
- **2008**, On stage at the Ms. Olympia. A 2004 IFBB directive, the so-called 20 percent rule, asked female athletes to decrease muscularity by a fifth. Competitors contested it in part because it was unmeasurable: nobody defined 20 percent of what. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/4712131f-4f5e-4504-ad12-f5721678029e) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:EM_DSC_2302_(2893816589).jpg
- **2008**, Competitors backstage. Whether the proliferation of divisions represents growth, since more women compete than ever, or suppression, since the muscular category was starved, is the live argument in the sport. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/488887d3-23f7-4801-8842-e596b97ae4f0) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Female_bodybuilders.jpg
- **2008**, Andrea Lyons. An American competitor in the open bodybuilding class, the division that contracted as figure and later bikini expanded. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/e1ef0088-4140-42a8-a83a-6040dcbe805a) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Andrea_Lyons_2008.jpg
- **2008**, Jen Hendershot in Australia. The women's professional circuit has always been international in its competitors and narrow in its prize money. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/0eef66d4-a2e5-447f-907e-1c70e5cd980f) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Jen_Hendershot_2008_Australia.jpg
- **2008**, Joe Weider at the Olympia. Weider at the contest he created in 1965. He sold his publications to American Media in 2003; American Media eventually took over promotion of the Mr Olympia in 2017. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/eaf5fed9-a029-4104-9bb6-5ba6d958dd92) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:EM_DSC_2467_(2894593950).jpg
### 2009
- **2009-03-26**, Sandow. The Library of Congress print of the Edison Kinetoscope Sandow strip, filmed at the Black Maria studio in West Orange, New Jersey, in March 1894. Sandow was under Florenz Ziegfeld's management at the time, and the film sells muscle display rather than lifting, which is the shift Ziegfeld introduced. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/d420f356-536c-4282-bd3f-6d1cddae020b) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HWM2ixqua3Y
- **2009**, Tainted products marketed as dietary supplements. An FDA display of products sold as dietary supplements and found to contain undeclared pharmaceutical ingredients. The Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act of 1994 placed the burden on the FDA to prove a supplement unsafe rather than on the manufacturer to prove it safe. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/1b4f061a-3f40-431c-b619-9916e87346f7) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Tainted_Products_Marketed_as_Dietary_Supplements_(2475)_(4494484620).jpg
- **2009**, FDA laboratory. An FDA testing laboratory. Post-market testing is the principal regulatory tool available for supplements under the 1994 statute. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/9f0e103e-f19e-4c10-8510-3339a3b4da6a) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:FDA_Lab_3361_(4497125931).jpg
- **2009**, Home gym. Muscle dysmorphia and disordered eating are documented in the population that trains, not only in the population that competes. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/546cbb24-6a14-4fbb-9920-b34dcf6a80e7) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:P90xgym.jpg
- **2009**, Zoorkhaneh House of Strenght in Iran. A full zurkhaneh session in Iran. A morshed presides, beating a goblet drum and reciting poetry and episodes from the Shahnameh, which sets the tempo for the movements. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/50222404-8053-409d-8386-9b1061dd5a77) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qWuk39qDxO8
- **2009**, Kushti in Sindh. Kushti, the same tradition as pehlwani, continued in Pakistan after partition. The Great Gama, the tradition's most documented figure, moved to Pakistan in 1947. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/e7cb6e01-41e5-4fe6-a60d-4a001f96de80) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Kushti_in_Pakistan.jpg
- **2009**, Bodybuilder at the Chinese New Year parade, San Francisco. Chinese-diaspora physique display. The Arnold Classic ran an Asian edition in Hong Kong in 2016 only. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/ff95684b-41d1-4de7-a42e-59676ccc434c) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:%E9%99%B3%E6%BD%A4%E9%9F%9C@2009_International_Chinese_New_Year_Night_Parade.JPG
- **2009**, Bodybuilder, India. An Indian gym bodybuilder. Monotosh Roy founded the Indian Bodybuilding Federation in 1958, seven years after taking a NABBA Mr Universe title in the Group III amateur class. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/15178ea3-3eb0-44e8-b254-e02404d8f18d) Source: https://www.flickr.com/photos/27526538@N07/4145440303
- **2009**, Competition at Muscle Beach Venice. Contests are still staged on the Venice site. Harold Zinkin, a Muscle Beach regular, invented the Universal gym machine, one of the sport's few durable equipment contributions. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/eac27a9d-2287-47b6-84ab-063460d69f96) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:A_competition_at_Muscle_Beach_Venice.jpg
- **2009**, Muscle Beach Venice from the boardwalk. Photographs of the pen from the boardwalk side. The site remains open-air and public, which is what distinguished the Muscle Beach model from the enclosed gym. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/0f1a8da8-0367-4154-a29c-e0980b8a2ce8) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Muscle_Beach_Venice_3.jpg
- **2009**, At the old Muscle Beach. The Santa Monica site retains rings, bars and a platform, the acrobatic apparatus that came first. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/59edc58b-3d3e-4ea7-9317-1ea889bad7ea) Source: https://www.flickr.com/photos/8722788@N03/3606729604
- **2009**, Venice Muscle Beach, boardwalk side. Joe Weider brought Arnold Schwarzenegger to California in 1968, and the Venice scene became the centre of the sport in the decade that followed. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/a3fa3db5-3d5b-45d9-9e29-26d9670a4117) Source: https://www.flickr.com/photos/8105696@N05/3810322967
- **2009**, Weights at Venice. Weider published Your Physique from 1940, renamed Muscle Builder in 1953 and Muscle and Fitness in 1980, the magazines that made the Venice scene famous. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/7b46f927-ad73-4608-8101-b995c7143363) Source: https://www.flickr.com/photos/8105696@N05/3811046718
- **2009**, Ronnie Coleman, eight-time Mr Olympia. Coleman competed at bodyweights far above those of the 1970s champions, the culmination of the mass era that began in the early 1990s. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/12d215be-dffc-4f6c-9cac-6a49f66ed5bd) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ronnie_Coleman_8_x_Mr_Olympia_-_2009_-_1.png
- **2009**, Venice Beach. The boardwalk around the weight pen. The sport's public face for four decades has been this half mile of Los Angeles coastline. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/ccea3368-ce7b-4ef1-966a-111eca0c3999) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Venice_Beach,_California_(25076419677).jpg
- **2009**, Coleman posing. Prize money for the Mr Olympia rose from 1,000 dollars in 1965 to 600,000 for the winner in 2024. The Ms Olympia paid 95,000 from 2020, a gap of roughly six to one. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/22431aa7-1668-4ca1-b9ce-5de6cdc16698) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ronnie_Coleman_8_x_Mr_Olympia_-_2009_-_2.png
- **2009**, Swinging rings, Santa Monica. The rings are the surviving apparatus of the acrobatic tradition that came first at Muscle Beach, before physique display. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/b40d26e7-bc34-4363-b098-d1be2cd488fd) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Swinging_Rings_at_the_Beach,_Santa_Monica_(3677522999).jpg
- **2009**, Coleman, 2009. Coleman later underwent repeated spinal surgeries. He has spoken publicly about the physical cost of his competitive career. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/51fb6e5b-b9c5-4ac4-ae5d-d70d92cef458) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ronnie_Coleman_8_x_Mr_Olympia_-_2009_-_4.png
- **2009**, Backstage at a natural contest. Backstage pump-up before going on. Natural contests, meaning drug-tested ones, run in parallel with the untested federations. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/8300d4cc-9d68-487b-a210-8ab79beef43c) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:US_Army_53400_%22Natural_Freak%22_pumps_up_NTC.jpg
- **2009**, US Forces Europe championships, Wiesbaden. A military contest in Germany, 23 September 2009. Base welfare programmes have run physique contests worldwide for decades. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/560a5242-7098-4a59-9300-d4ef79d4fd06) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:US_Army_51253_U.S._Forces_Europe_bodybuilding_champions_crowned_at_Wiesbaden_competition.jpg
- **2009-08-07**, Bob Hoffman Interview. An interview with Bob Hoffman posted by York Barbell itself. Treat it as a company source: Hoffman's orientation was weightlifting and he regarded pure physique competition with suspicion, and the York against Weider conflict is the founding schism of the sport. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/ebe37cd5-ab4d-4953-8965-663855fd3dd9) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CX4alYn8CWg
### 2010
- **2010-01-13**, The Weider Brothers: Men of Iron (Part 1 of 5). The first part of a series on the Weider brothers. Joe ran the magazines, the supplements and the star making; Ben ran the federation and the project to get bodybuilding into the Olympics. Weider publications are simultaneously the best documented and the least neutral source in this field. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/e361ae46-7e79-47bf-b96b-2f7fba2e0927) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wDC630358ks
- **2010-04-14**, Joe Weider part 1.mov. Ric Drasin on Joe Weider, from someone who worked inside the operation. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/af9b3116-3578-411a-883b-1a79ae49042b) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hr7ypSS_BkA
- **2010**, Akhara training. The akhara is an earthen-floored training school under a guru or ustad. Training conventionally begins in the teens. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/82302690-a136-4af1-8095-db18a48eec4c) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:India_wrestling_akhara_training.jpg
- **2010**, Saheb a Zaman zurkhaneh, Yazd. Iran inscribed the pahlavani and zurkhaneh rituals on the UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage list in 2010. Azerbaijan inscribed its own zorkhana practice in 2022. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/8b632cf1-05d9-43b9-8f1c-181aaa599555) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Saheb_A_Zaman_Club_Zurkhaneh,_Yazd,_Iran_(5072483704).jpg
- **2010**, Competing in Dhaka. The South Asian circuit connects India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, Nepal, Bhutan and the Maldives, and has no presence at all in the English-language record of the sport. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/f901f1d5-51c7-490b-8827-bf0995ee169a) Source: https://www.flickr.com/photos/68879242@N04/6263216880
- **2010**, Training, India. Manohar Aich won the professional short class at the 1952 NABBA Universe. Indian competitors took Universe titles in both 1951 and 1952, in different divisions, four and five years after independence. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/8878afa1-aa1b-4a49-b656-0c73b3a36826) Source: https://www.flickr.com/photos/27526538@N07/5157964662
- **2010**, Turner Hall weights room, Milwaukee. The German Turnverein movement built gymnastic halls across the American midwest in the nineteenth century, an institutional ancestor of the modern gym. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/755f77a6-b68c-45ca-bb05-4dd791ca13aa) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Turner_Hall_Milwaukee_weights_room.jpg
- **2010**, Weight training benches. The adjustable bench is the single most productive piece of equipment the sport contributed to general fitness. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/27f85b10-16f4-4b18-af8e-abfe6f12c72e) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Two_weight_training_benches.jpg
- **2010**, Paris championship. A French regional championship. Below the professional league sits a dense amateur tier of national and regional contests that carries almost all the sport's participation. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/4fa24ff4-ae5a-40b9-b1b9-b1988253e171) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Championnat_de_Paris_2010.jpg
- **2010**, Iris Kyle 🇺🇸 1st @ 2010 Ms. Olympia (WBB). Iris Kyle winning the 2010 Ms. Olympia, part of nine consecutive titles from 2006 to 2014. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/3e73ecf0-5780-4e2a-9d52-31fd2d2d489a) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PkiZYyHjPS0
- **2010**, Bodybuilding competition, Contingency Operating Base Basra. A contest held on a US base in Iraq, 29 May 2010. Military welfare programmes have run women's physique contests in places where no civilian circuit existed. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/3e14b578-c268-4bfb-ab5b-5d95376ff77e) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Basra_bodybuilding_competition_DVIDS288962.jpg
- **2010**, Jessica Fulton at the Alaska championships. Posing for the judges at the 22nd Annual Professional and Amateur Championships in Anchorage, 2 October 2010. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/1c1ec8dc-f736-4cf5-bcca-0b14f169c930) Source: https://www.flickr.com/photos/47082109@N02/5057983213
- **2010**, Women's Figure winners, Anchorage. Trophy presentation for the women's Figure class over five feet four inches. Height classes remain standard in women's divisions. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/50ea01c4-3fa7-4be1-b5ed-eb7df86edbd3) Source: https://www.flickr.com/photos/47082109@N02/5058596986
- **2010**, Bikini division, Anchorage. The bikini division had been introduced by the IFBB only that year and would soon become the largest women's category by entries worldwide. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/91db7d9a-3617-4f70-9522-2474e273a440) Source: https://www.flickr.com/photos/47082109@N02/5058595984
- **2010-09-21**, 1903 Edison Kinetoscope recorded Eugen Sandow Father of Modern Day Bodybuilding. Later Edison footage of Sandow posing, from around 1903, when he was running his Institutes of Physical Culture in Britain and had just judged his own Great Competition at the Royal Albert Hall. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/77e3bb32-24b3-4095-8a4d-87f6f4d763f3) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kvnaOYLs_iU
- **2010-11-05**, The Pahlevani and Zoorkhanei rituals. UNESCO's own film on the Pahlevani and Zoorkhanei rituals, inscribed on the Intangible Cultural Heritage list by Iran in 2010. Azerbaijan inscribed its own version in 2022. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/5d313f88-e84a-4628-8983-114867bb274b) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3ZOt13_ic5w
- **2010-11-22**, ABSOLUTS MR. MÉXICO desde 1952 al 2010. Primeros lugares. A list of the overall Mr Mexico winners from 1952 to 2010, which puts the Mexican national contest within four years of the founding of the NABBA Universe. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/9c94fb02-a171-4da1-bab6-f6a467d14b75) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CwkGEwWFi64
- **2010-11-23**, Indian Wrestling \| Last Man Standing \| BBC Studios. BBC footage of Indian wrestling from the series Last Man Standing. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/01e13384-c8de-4d44-9b4b-1a1f1d81e068) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xmmhnL7eH8w
### 2011
- **2011-01-11**, Modern Ireland - Supersized Shes. Supersized Shes, an Irish documentary following bodybuilders Inga Beinara and Sophia McNamara through a competitive season. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/64f529b5-99bf-4ebe-8bc9-afa9a93af3e4) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yn95NVOwhhU
- **2011**, Zoor-khaaneh (House of Strength). Footage from inside a zurkhaneh. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/a85a39b6-bbab-45a9-955e-e2cdbc760531) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zDKTOU8erTI
- **2011**, Turkish oil-wrestling / Kirkpinar 2011 (yagli güresleri). Oil wrestling at Kirkpinar in 2011. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/3820e0f9-50c3-4f3d-a3f8-e532e6ebaf20) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fjbwU4ElrM4
- **2011**, Чемпионат России по Бодибилдингу 2011 Классики FITSPORT.RU. The classic bodybuilding class at the 2011 Russian Bodybuilding Championship. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/86c49ab4-dc50-4b0e-b069-4d78e34424cf) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IX8xWUKWNrg
- **2011**, Adil Mohamed, Mr Maldives. Winner of the first Maldives National Bodybuilding Championship in 2011. Small national federations built their first championships in the 2000s and 2010s, decades after the sport's centre had settled in the United States. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/36d029ac-5d58-4bd7-a8bf-13c8596cfe53) Source: https://www.flickr.com/photos/68879242@N04/6367250039
- **2011**, Mr Maldives 2011. The Maldives Bodybuilding Federation staged its inaugural national title in April 2011. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/659eb964-5ee1-43d2-b1fa-fc9b48b59043) Source: https://www.flickr.com/photos/68879242@N04/6367285575
- **2011**, National Bodybuilding Championship, Maldives. The Maldives competes through the South Asian Bodybuilding Federation, one of the regional structures under the international amateur tier. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/ea4241be-12fa-4129-aa1b-705e43a2bab6) Source: https://www.flickr.com/photos/68879242@N04/6367301821
- **2011**, At the South Asian Men's Bodybuilding Championship. The eighth South Asian Men's Bodybuilding Championship, held in Dhaka, Bangladesh. Regional championships are where most of the world's competitors actually compete. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/e466a2f9-5af4-4ff7-a3ea-1ad0e4eb1b11) Source: https://www.flickr.com/photos/68879242@N04/6263216912
- **2011**, Muscle Beach and Chess Beach. The Santa Monica beachfront. Municipal hostility to the crowd, alongside a scandal whose details remain contested, ended the original installation. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/2e865ac2-4bee-4c2b-add1-0502f7e86cf5) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Muscle_Beach_and_Chess_Beach,_Santa_Monica_(5847210301).jpg
- **2011**, Frank Zane. Zane won three Mr Olympia titles from 1977 to 1979 on a markedly smaller and more proportioned physique than the champions who followed him. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/eccac874-b878-4d25-adc8-76e4fed21e60) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Frank_Zane_2011_Shankbone.JPG
- **2011**, Gym. The commercial gym descends directly from bodybuilding through Vic Tanny's chains and then Gold's and World. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/6170caab-4c1c-4aaa-81ad-f52c51fd4afe) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Gym_dandies.jpg
- **2011**, Competitor, Bhutan. Bhutan's national physique scene, one of many with no presence at all in the English-language record of the sport. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/ba579aef-e6b1-4e1b-a38c-88fe180501e1) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Tshewang_penjor.png
- **2011**, Competitor at a military physique contest. Photographed 5 June 2011 by a US Marine Corps photographer. Military welfare programmes have run women's physique contests in places and periods where no civilian circuit was available. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/ae424578-ec14-4cca-b82a-a1d33ade8284) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Competition_brings_muscle,_physique_DVIDS412875.jpg
- **2011**, Erin Stern. A figure competitor. Figure and bikini between them account for the large majority of women's entries at amateur level in most countries. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/dcd5ad28-0df5-431d-9d73-65fe14e6ea83) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Erin_Stern_IFBB_Pro.jpg
- **2011**, IFBB Austria Cup. The IFBB formally recognised women's bodybuilding as a discipline at its 1982 congress in Bruges, four years after Doris Barrilleaux had founded the first women's organisation run by and for women. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/77c62bf0-525f-42fa-a137-a1f68574d30e) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Jacqueline_Gerlach_IFBB_International_Austria_Cup_%26_IFBB_Austria_Talents_Cup_2011_1.jpg
- **2011**, IFBB Austria Talents Cup. A talents-class contest in St Poelten. The IFBB recognised women's bodybuilding as a discipline at its 1982 congress in Bruges, four years after Doris Barrilleaux founded the first women's organisation run by and for women. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/4c6d074a-85fc-43f7-9084-00942967a062) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Jacqueline_Gerlach_IFBB_International_Austria_Cup_%26_IFBB_Austria_Talents_Cup_2011_2.jpg
- **2011-07-14**, Discovery Channel Brasil - Músculos ao extremo. Discovery Channel Brasil on extreme muscle, made for a Brazilian audience in 2011. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/93e6cfeb-ae57-4b6f-ba1c-728860802aff) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iL_Xh0MwqRw
### 2012
- **2012-06-11**, Old rituals course through Iranian zurkhaneh. Al Jazeera on the rituals of the Iranian zurkhaneh. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/ad267b6e-7621-4bf3-9ba1-0284bafbb31a) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zDlgs3pV4S8
- **2012**, Arm and shoulder musculature. Munzer's autopsy found virtually no subcutaneous fat, a liver containing numerous tumours, a heart weighing 636 grams against a normal 300 to 350, and severely deranged electrolytes with dangerously elevated potassium. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/a3c31a86-b6a3-4bd0-bd1c-317d31fa45e2) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Muscoli_di_braccio_e_spalla.JPG
- **2012**, Mil clubs at Yazd. The mil is a heavy wooden club swung in pairs. The other zurkhaneh implements are the sang, weighted wooden shields worked lying down, and the kabbadeh, a curved iron bow strung with chain. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/d5d8bad2-56bb-476e-b3e2-0db2e73cbb6c) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Mil_Weights_at_Zurkhaneh_(House_of_Strength)_-_Yazd_-_Central_Iran.jpg
- **2012**, Chanting at the zurkhaneh, Yazd. The morshed recites while drumming. The recitation draws on the Shahnameh and on Gnostic poetry, and the athletes' movements follow its rhythm. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/e5a81d56-ec21-495a-9ad3-c68038e7c6e8) Source: https://www.flickr.com/photos/41000732@N04/7429307320
- **2012**, Working out at the zurkhaneh, Yazd. The zurkhaneh is a house of strength in the literal sense: a building type, with a pit, a drum seat and tiered seating, not a room fitted with apparatus. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/52ae41d0-616b-4a12-8dd1-82a7b3c21901) Source: https://www.flickr.com/photos/41000732@N04/7429496348
- **2012**, Mr Mexico. The Mexican national title, contested continuously since the mid twentieth century. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/4b57444f-9891-43db-bbc3-e1bd9807d601) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Mr_Mexico_2012.jpg
- **2012**, Gym in Ho Chi Minh City. A commercial gym in Vietnam. The global spread of the sport in the 2000s and 2010s ran through private gym chains rather than federations. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/a4be8cdc-0d56-4a8e-b4aa-fca2bfa40d46) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Korpokonstrua_klubo_Y%E1%BA%BFt_Ki%C3%AAu_(Ho-%C4%88i-Min-urbo_).jpg
- **2012**, Hong Kong Bodybuilding Championships. Hong Kong's national championships. The territory would host the only edition of the Arnold Classic Asia four years later, in 2016. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/c121527c-9d9a-488a-a084-27f9facdc226) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Balancing_act_at_2012_Hong_Kong_Bodybuilding_Championship.jpg
- **2012**, Second place, Hong Kong. Placings at a national championship are the entry point to the international amateur circuit, from which a professional card is the only route upward. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/fbd4b9b0-1fe5-4063-9d24-45110bec3bc4) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:2nd_place_(7453728024).jpg
- **2012**, Judging, Hong Kong. Judging in women's divisions has been the sport's most contested area. The 1992 IFBB rules explicitly aimed at competitors not being too big, and a 2004 memo asked female athletes to cut muscularity by a fifth. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/309834ca-27d4-423b-a73c-8f75123f0d0a) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Judgment_(7453608686).jpg
- **2012**, Comparison round, Hong Kong. Competitors are called out in groups for direct comparison, the round that decides most placings. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/61391d0c-beab-4472-b8ab-70cd6f2fd434) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Face_off_(7453608180).jpg
- **2012**, Leg press. Mechanical tension is the primary driver of hypertrophy, acting through mechanosensitive pathways including mTOR signalling. That is the current accepted theory. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/cb734978-0ed4-4e4e-9954-b41471579700) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Leg_Press_Machine.jpg
- **2012**, Line-up, Hong Kong. The Arnold Classic ran an Asian edition in Hong Kong in 2016 and did not return. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/e3f82eef-0086-4094-860e-58785c1f36f2) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Lined_up_(7454613632).jpg
- **2012**, Olympic barbell. The revolving-sleeve Olympic barbell was designed for competitive weightlifting and became the standard bar in bodybuilding gyms. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/844fa1cf-c1ec-4898-8f5b-452846d52e26) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Olympic_barbell.jpg
- **2012**, Winner, Hong Kong Bodybuilding Championships. East Asian competitive bodybuilding developed through national federations affiliated to the international amateur structure rather than through an American professional pathway. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/a91a6f5f-3280-43fc-a9c9-0e5bc81d56d4) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Big_winner_(7452193628).jpg
- **2012**, Posing, Hong Kong. Compulsory poses are fixed by the federation. The free posing routine to music is judged separately. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/2aadd0a4-a979-441f-b3db-70d17ad7b73b) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Hulking_out_(7452189324).jpg
- **2012**, EZ curl bar. The cambered curl bar is a bodybuilding-specific implement, designed for isolation work rather than for any competitive lift. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/43246624-1a3e-463b-bc98-1d35f091584b) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Curl-Hantel_-_SZ-Hantel.jpg
- **2012**, Women's round, Hong Kong. Women's competitive bodybuilding in East Asia has been dominated by the figure and bikini divisions rather than the open bodybuilding class. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/3123154b-bd4a-41cf-ade5-db3776c8f0b4) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Strike_a_pose_(7454617306).jpg
- **2012**, Weights room in a fort casemate. A weights room installed in a nineteenth century fort. Improvised premises are the norm outside the commercial chains. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/5e12d0e1-b8a2-4d47-b038-c556391c2948) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Fort_de_Sainte-Foy-casemate_salle_musculation.JPG
- **2012**, Bikini division, Hong Kong. The bikini division, introduced by the IFBB in 2010, rapidly became the largest women's category by entries worldwide. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/21d362fd-2f5b-4956-a411-a1d5266bdb5e) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Glamazons_(7453607656).jpg
- **2012**, Result announced, Hong Kong. Amateur contests carry no prize money in most jurisdictions. The prize is the placing and, at international level, a professional card. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/b76e3b39-7058-4300-9585-79a0da7e989f) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Fistpump_(7453724322).jpg
- **2012**, World championships. The IFBB world championships are the amateur international tier. Provisional Olympic recognition was granted in 1998 and withdrawn in 2001. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/879c2351-2523-4309-aa52-d82f1cb990aa) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:WorldChampionships2012.jpg
- **2012-07-23**, The Joe Weider Story. 's own channel. Promotional in origin, which is the point: the Weider account of the Weider empire is a primary document of how the sport sold itself. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/eaa63183-e452-444d-bb79-c7f96e25c31d) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GXO7l-AUwpc
- **2012-08-16**, Documentary Film on Pehalwani (Wrestling) in punjab. A documentary on pehlwani in Punjab. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/d7d41f91-e733-4a6f-8bef-57b85aa4b054) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9ZURev5VAT4
- **2012-08-30**, Indian Wrestling - KUSHTI Documentary. A documentary on kushti, Indian wrestling. Training runs on the dand, a bodyweight pressing movement, and the baithak, a deep squat, with reported traditional volumes running to thousands of repetitions a day. Those specific numbers are traditional claims rather than measurements. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/a4f5c735-6a1c-4282-9d3a-804f6bb83a52) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=icxmX0AjX7Q
- **2012-09-17**, Rachel McLish: Steroids in Bodybuilding. Rachel McLish, in an interview for the MAKERS oral history project, describing how she believes drug use changed bodybuilding. This is a competitor's own account of the sport she left, not a finding about any individual. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/244f310e-b96f-4502-bcf2-d4a177961452) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XQbefAVQ6pM
### 2013
- **2013**, Amino acid supplements. Amino acid products. In 1972 US postal inspectors investigated claims that Weider Formula No. 7 would let users gain a pound a day. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/c2c9177d-811c-44b6-b9be-e0aa1e99826a) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Amino_kiseline.jpg
- **2013**, Rich Piana. Piana died on 25 August 2017 aged 46 after a cardiac arrest earlier that month. The medical examiner's report was inconclusive and no definitive cause of death was established. The autopsy found heart and liver each roughly twice normal size for an adult male, and mild atherosclerotic disease; the hospital disposed of all toxicology specimens, preventing analysis that might have clarified matters. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/392e88ab-87f3-404a-871b-d92cfa0f19e6) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Rich_Piana.jpg
- **2013**, Drug Enforcement Administration museum. The 1990 Anabolic Steroid Control Act placed anabolic steroids in Schedule III of the Controlled Substances Act. Both the American Medical Association and the DEA opposed the bill. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/43cf3d6b-57d4-47b3-a3ac-daa54893230e) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:DEA_Museum_IMG_2091_(9699497489).jpg
- **2013**, Kushti wrestlers in Akhara. Kushti wrestlers training in an akhara, filmed as stock footage without commentary. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/fcff7c8e-5f00-42d3-abe1-53a1eb7b6a81) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SXVGzHBNG1A
- **2013**, Edirne Kirkpinar 2013. Kirkpinar at Edirne in 2013. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/19f7fbc8-d9ab-4cd3-98b7-6922c6fdbe9f) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=E8FZciIcP7Y
- **2013**, Takhti's championship brassard. A relic of Gholamreza Takhti, whose standing in Iran rests as much on the pahlavan ethic of chivalry and modesty as on his wrestling results. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/2678caae-e8ff-4387-93f1-112b78f61815) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Takhti%27s_Championship_Brassard.jpg
- **2013**, Kushti at Bharatpur. Kushti is fought on prepared earth rather than a mat. The Malla Purana, a 13th century text, already describes the malla-yuddha practice and its practitioner caste. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/ff8dc376-1af5-44e5-ae2e-27263ae8a389) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Kushti_(in_Bharatpur_March_2013).jpg
- **2013**, Tehran zurkhaneh. A morshed presides over the session from a raised seat, beating a goblet drum and reciting Gnostic poetry and episodes from the Shahnameh to set the tempo. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/4f6d1a80-0f6c-4a38-a751-d05cb96d1f7e) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Tehran_Zurkhaneh_(1).jpg
- **2013**, Swinging the mil, Tehran. Sessions open with praise of the Prophet and his family. The practice is explicitly ethical and Sufi-inflected as well as physical, which distinguishes it from Western physique culture. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/a584004b-b136-4bff-8967-40bfd47b2b09) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Tehran_Zurkhaneh_(2).jpg
- **2013**, Zurkhaneh session, Tehran. The zurkhaneh was prominent under the Qajar dynasty with annual Nowruz competitions, diminished under Reza Shah, then revived under Mohammad Reza Pahlavi as part of a pre-Islamic-heritage nationalism. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/5be6c769-1cbf-4a55-a176-248110ed6ece) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Tehran_Zurkhaneh_(3).jpg
- **2013**, Zorkhana implements, Museum of History of Azerbaijan. Azerbaijan maintains its own zorkhana tradition and inscribed it on the UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage list in 2022, twelve years after Iran. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/69dfc64a-2c95-484d-8fdd-7f38ddcf211e) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Bargirs_in_Museum_of_History_of_Azerbaijan.jpg
- **2013**, After training. Delayed onset muscle soreness is not supported as a signal of training quality, though it remains the most trusted one in gyms. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/b9cce239-1143-4491-81f0-0d07ac01435b) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Athlete_after_training.jpg
- **2013**, ABIDJAN FLEX 2013 - 6th West Africa Bodybuilding Open Championship - Samuel Damilola SHODIYA. Abidjan Flex 2013, the 6th West Africa Bodybuilding Open Championship in Cote d'Ivoire. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/fa463010-4ec3-444f-863c-3f38a88e3776) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fRqH2fX7L-4
- **2013**, Fall Classic Natural Bodybuilding, Camp Humphreys, Korea. A natural, meaning drug-tested, contest held on a US garrison in South Korea. Natural federations impose testing that the IFBB Pro League and NPC do not require. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/5b2bc4c1-8e5a-4cba-bf1a-a053e0179793) Source: https://www.flickr.com/photos/31687107@N07/10010985303
- **2013**, Competitor, Camp Humphreys. Photographed by Yu Tae-yol at US Army Garrison Humphreys, 28 September 2013. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/4cf7c1ef-8772-46ad-b8ad-108774d7c164) Source: https://www.flickr.com/photos/31687107@N07/10011053783
- **2013**, Posing, Camp Humphreys. Military bases have been a persistent secondary circuit for the sport, with contests run through morale and welfare programmes. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/00992af1-6065-453e-bd25-1f404d743761) Source: https://www.flickr.com/photos/31687107@N07/10010829104
- **2013**, Fall Classic line-up, Korea. South Korea's own scene is best known internationally through Chul Soon Hwang, and domestically through a large commercial fitness and contest industry. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/a53ae8d3-5529-4439-94a9-1d647e6d2fa7) Source: https://www.flickr.com/photos/31687107@N07/10011131783
- **2013**, Judging at Camp Humphreys. Natural contests typically use polygraph and urinalysis screening, a standard the sport's largest professional league has never adopted. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/a6b9d621-e9c8-43df-977b-717d39c5c358) Source: https://www.flickr.com/photos/31687107@N07/10010880264
- **2013**, Joe Weider mural, Venice Beach. Joe Weider, 1919 to 2013, ran the magazines, the supplements and the star-making while his brother Ben ran the federation. There was no independent bodybuilding press. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/0b6b4df5-8e02-40a2-a6ae-8a5785709fcb) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Venice_beach_Joe_Weider_in_LA_(22062193639).jpg
- **2013**, Dana Linn Bailey 🇺🇸 1st @ 2013 Ms. Olympia (WPD). Dana Linn Bailey winning the first Women's Physique Olympia in 2013. Women's Physique was created to catch athletes considered too muscular for Figure, part of a sequence of new divisions each less muscular than the last. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/255005d7-ca71-44d2-9aa8-f664ff49b74b) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ihs2Fe0QkbE
- **2013**, 2013 Olympia: WOMEN'S PHYSIQUE Winner Dana Linn Bailey Interview. Dana Linn Bailey interviewed after winning the inaugural Women's Physique Olympia in 2013. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/88573326-4781-41ef-9766-64214b7fedb9) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OqINAwmaaqA
- **2013**, Muscle Beach Classic, women's heavyweight. Sergeant Odyssey Martin took the women's tall figure and bodybuilding heavyweight classes at the 2013 Muscle Beach Classic, 4 August 2013. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/b8e9d3ee-0466-48f6-8d66-53cc4c88cbdf) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Army_Strong,_Sgt._Odyssey_U._Martin_named_the_women%27s_tall_figure_and_bodybuilding_heavyweight_champion_at_the_2013_Muscle_Beach_Classic_130804-A-YY695-018.jpg
- **2013-07-08**, Louis Cyr: The Father of Strength - Excerpt. Excerpt from a Montreal-produced documentary on Louis Cyr, covering his Quebec origins and his place in French Canadian popular memory. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/0c8bd48b-ca89-4f2e-aa6d-be3ff723155d) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0IKNYbsmKG8
- **2013-09-08**, Body Dysmorphic Disorder - Psychologist Explains - Ben Buchanan. Psychologist Ben Buchanan explaining body dysmorphic disorder, the broader diagnosis under which muscle dysmorphia sits. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/6224cbdd-aaa2-4854-8294-4c7871b146d2) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YmuqZDiK3-8
- **2013-10-14**, Sandro Ravagnani intervista Franco Columbu a Los Angeles California. Franco Columbu interviewed in Los Angeles by Sandro Ravagnani for an Italian audience. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/c56c45b2-7679-469c-902c-e03c1f918cb5) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gLTC57uE-0E
- **2013-10-15**, Bodybuilders compete to represent Egypt at World Championships. CGTN Africa on Egyptian competitors selecting for the world championships. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/ec38ead9-7778-4dfe-879a-ad5b13869dd3) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J_XZe6uGTvM
- **2013-10-25**, National Geographic: science of steroids. National Geographic on the science of steroids, hosted on the channel of the Taylor Hooton Foundation, which was founded after the death of a teenage user. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/da9489ad-e067-4372-af81-90083178898a) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kIQoWO0yo7s
### 2014
- **2014-01-03**, Zurkhaneh - House of Strength (Iran Bodybuilding). A film on the zurkhaneh, the house of strength. The implements are the mil, heavy wooden clubs, the sang, weighted wooden shields used lying down, and the kabbadeh, a curved iron bow strung with chain. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/e136eef5-cfd2-4f72-a58f-4b86470e23b7) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bkpJz8iwCZY
- **2014-02-04**, The Remarkable Story of Ernestine Shepherd. Prevention Magazine following a day with Ernestine Shepherd, then 77 and competing. Shepherd began training in her fifties. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/dc06411f-0f74-4190-b314-6ee5de681613) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=na6yl8yIZUI
- **2014-02-14**, Senegalese Laamb Wrestling & The World is Sinking. VICE News on Senegalese laamb wrestling and the coastal erosion threatening the communities it comes from. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/d04d6a8e-10d1-435f-a025-46a3d2beb4cc) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2QtfxYOkXIA
- **2014-03-31**, ABSOLUTO (Documental Fisicoculturismo) Fisiculturismo Mexicano. Absoluto, a Mexican documentary on the national bodybuilding scene. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/eab22d50-799f-435c-8d71-b84e41d9a06a) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mXBLh8IabPc
- **2014-04-13**, New Zealand Strong Man (1940). British Pathe film of Harold Cleghorn, described as New Zealand's bodybuilding champion, lifting barbells outdoors. Physique competition existed well outside Britain and America by 1940, which the usual Sandow-to-Muscle-Beach narrative omits. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/068fcd02-077e-4db3-a363-bb45f15da547) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AD3alShBBV0
- **2014-04-13**, Muscle Dysmorphia & BDD Brain Research. On brain research into muscle dysmorphia and body dysmorphic disorder. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/28d681c9-fa98-43bb-8547-9bfc49cb31d1) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F8LZlLslUpQ
- **2014-04-13**, Strong Man (1954). British Pathe film of Alexander Zass, then 70, having a steel girder bent across his shoulders and lying under a van at an English circus ground. Zass developed isometric chain training as a prisoner of war and carried the act into old age. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/30fb001b-382e-4f25-9153-3e786919b1a9) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QLITsY5WRXg
- **2014-04-13**, Strong Man (1944). British Pathe newsreel of the strongman Korosenko tearing packs of cards, snapping a chain around his chest and bending iron bars, filmed in London. The act is unchanged in form from the Victorian music hall bill fifty years earlier. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/403f2171-e7df-4f78-b9ce-d4bd0c5cd191) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eZudRoZ157Y
- **2014-04-13**, Contender - Bernarr M'fadden \[sic\] In Air Race At 70 Aka Speed Airman At 70 Lner (1938). British Pathe newsreel of Bernarr Macfadden at 70, standing by his aeroplane before entering the Bendix Transcontinental Speed Race. Macfadden's own body and exploits were the standing advertisement for his publishing empire. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/72ba9694-fb7a-4cd5-bab4-060939717e7c) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-pOT6VBJC48
- **2014-04-13**, Strong Man (1929). British Pathe footage of a strongman striking the standard muscle poses for the camera in 1929. The pose vocabulary here is Sandow's, thirty-five years after the Edison films, and precedes any organised physique judging in Britain. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/f507f6b3-a434-4cbf-a395-f5144b065695) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6zdK6IVqEcE
- **2014-04-13**, The Toughest Man We Know! (1936). British Pathe film of the strongman billed as The Great Challard tearing a telephone directory and having steel bars bent around his neck. The newsreel presents it as spectacle, which is what the strongman economy always was. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/feb1b965-a450-4665-b9be-bdfa61be6f5c) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N2s4Fyr7x8o
- **2014**, Edirne Kirkpinar 2014 Oil Wrestling. Oil wrestling at the 2014 Edirne Kirkpinar. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/aaec3093-c5d2-418d-b6cb-c79fef15bcfc) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g1GGCeWLInU
- **2014**, Zorkhana display at Nowruz, Baku. Nowruz competitions are the traditional calendar anchor of the zurkhaneh year, a Qajar-era practice still observed. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/e54472d5-8e5c-494f-ad48-7682b5714116) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Nowruz_2014_in_Azerbaijan_5.jpg
- **2014**, Pin-loaded machine. Selectorised machines descend from Harold Zinkin's Universal gym, invented by a Muscle Beach regular, and from Arthur Jones's Nautilus line of the 1970s. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/fbad3676-8893-4c2b-812d-e3883507f292) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Pin_loaded_machine.jpg
- **2014**, Competition kettlebells. The kettlebell entered Western gyms from Russian girevoy sport, a separate strength tradition with its own competitive format. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/3dcda1b0-8ed2-4ed6-90f8-121904a9ad95) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Competition_kettlebells_8-24_kilos.jpg
- **2014**, Free weights. 's longest-running equipment argument, and the evidence does not strongly favour either for hypertrophy. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/00af9125-266d-49ab-9b8c-fdbaf5518031) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Free_weight.jpg
- **2014**, Loaded exercise study. The sarcoplasmic versus myofibrillar hypertrophy distinction, near-universal in gyms, is contested. The strong version, that bodybuilder muscle is somehow not real, is not established. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/53486ae7-db90-4ce7-a9f1-776308e21e58) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Increased_ankle_loads_TTS.jpg
- **2014**, Sangram Chougule's historical winning performance at mr world 2014. Sangram Chougule's gold medal performance in the 85kg class at the 6th WBPF World Championships in 2014. Chougule is among the most successful Indian competitors on the international amateur circuit. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/d1d163f8-e7c6-4f00-9178-8c205df6b7cb) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ifxh5HVX8yU
- **2014**, Coleman at FIBO. FIBO in Cologne is Europe's largest fitness trade fair and a fixture of the retired champion's appearance circuit, which is where much of the sport's income now sits. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/6a5cc383-c139-4f17-a074-5e3e82c5bf18) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ronnie_Coleman_FIBO2014.jpg
- **2014**, Bodybuilding contest, Mongolia. The international amateur tier reaches far beyond the countries the professional league draws from. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/1da4d121-fc53-4236-8651-a13036516498) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Bodybuilding.JPG
- **2014**, Kai Greene at the Arnold Classic Europe. Madrid, 28 September 2014. The Arnold Classic Europe has run in Spain since 2011, one of several international editions carrying Schwarzenegger's name. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/d852079d-d304-4884-b5b1-56327eaedc0c) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Kai_Greene,_Arnold_Classic_Europe_2014,_Madrid,_Spain_(Ank_Kumar,_Infosys_Limited)_01.jpg
- **2014**, Kai Greene posing, Madrid. Greene placed second at the Mr Olympia three times without winning it, in 2012, 2013 and 2014. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/8952a87b-48fb-4fa8-a0a0-9ea1acb6db0f) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Kai_Greene,_Arnold_Classic_Europe_2014,_Madrid,_Spain_(Ank_Kumar,_Infosys_Limited)_03.jpg
- **2014**, Greene on stage. The Arnold Classic is the sport's second contest after the Olympia and the only one with comparable prize money. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/c2c32a03-be6e-463c-95a7-1c33081c083c) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Kai_Greene,_Arnold_Classic_Europe_2014,_Madrid,_Spain_(Ank_Kumar,_Infosys_Limited)_05.jpg
- **2014**, Kai Greene, Arnold Classic Europe. The posing routine is where competitors who cannot win on conditioning make their reputations. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/f5cbaf9d-9853-4921-abcf-975e932ede35) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Kai_Greene,_Arnold_Classic_Europe_2014,_Madrid,_Spain_(Ank_Kumar,_Infosys_Limited)_07.jpg
- **2014**, Phil Heath at the Arnold Classic Europe. Phil Heath won seven consecutive Mr Olympia titles from 2011 to 2017, equalling Schwarzenegger's career total. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/adc26e81-eda2-4725-8aef-f8fcdb4012fb) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Phil_Heath,_Arnold_Classic_Europe_2014,_Madrid,_Spain_(Ank_Kumar,_Infosys_Limited)_01.jpg
- **2014**, Phil Heath, Madrid. Heath's run ended in 2018 when Shawn Rhoden beat him, the first time a reigning champion had lost the title since 2006. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/9e711395-db6a-4834-bdea-bb76eda9ee8c) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Phil_Heath,_Arnold_Classic_Europe_2014,_Madrid,_Spain_(Ank_Kumar,_Infosys_Limited)_03.jpg
- **2014**, INBA Emerald State Natural. A natural federation contest. The INBA and similar bodies impose testing that the IFBB Pro League does not routinely apply. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/0a8f48a2-b08e-43df-a44a-7c99fee7fd84) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Jairo_at_the_2014_INBA_Emerald_State_Natural.jpg
- **2014**, Iris Kyle 🇺🇸 1st @ 2014 Ms. Olympia (WBB). Iris Kyle winning the 2014 Ms. Olympia, her tenth title and the last before the contest was cancelled. Kyle is the most decorated Olympia competitor of either sex and is almost unknown outside the sport. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/8fcb84ea-bb1f-4202-a7b7-41c3d02d0fa9) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qXnusaKV23Y
- **2014**, Iris Kyle 2014 Ms. Olympia Winner. Iris Kyle interviewed by Tony Doherty immediately after winning the 2014 Ms. Olympia. The IFBB cancelled the Ms. Olympia for 2015 without giving a reason. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/d943d893-7a44-4e54-890d-994d46f3f64b) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wb6V5AWDaMg
- **2014**, Lenda Murray, eight-time Ms. Olympia. In 1992, in the middle of Murray's run, the IFBB introduced femininity rules directing judges to look for a feminine but not emaciated physique and competitors not to be too big. No equivalent instruction was ever issued to men. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/de718ae2-490b-4f24-91a7-aae5fd166114) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Paolo_Tassetto_con_Lenda_Murray,_Ms._Olympia_dal_1990_al_1995,_2002_e_2003..JPG
- **2014**, Raye Hollitt. Hollitt competed as a bodybuilder before appearing on American television. Screen work has been one of the few routes to income outside the supplement economy, for women as for men. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/b2ae5608-bdc4-4915-9510-c4c4ab6f4196) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Raye_Hollitt_2014.jpg
- **2014-08-25**, South Korean women find beauty in bodybuilding - BBC News. BBC News on the growth of women's bodybuilding in South Korea, and how it sits against prevailing expectations of appearance there. One of very few broadcast records of the sport's women outside the West. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/56abd5f3-e65a-4579-bbe9-861d0ee1af77) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nAWO73gX74k
- **2014-09-25**, Venice Muscle Beach Contests now compared to back in the day. Ric Drasin, who trained in the era, comparing the Venice Muscle Beach contests of his day with the present ones. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/0a0e596f-3d6b-4cf1-a3bc-3e3ce8d31c3f) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yK3glSOkJbk
### 2015
- **2015-03-08**, Origins Of Iron: Podcast with the legend, Frank Zane "The Chemist". A podcast interview with Frank Zane. Zane held a degree in chemistry and taught school, which is where the nickname came from. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/86dd44a5-ae5d-4e7d-9217-ed4b81e704bc) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D9Eq-Jk85j0
- **2015-05-03**, Documentary on Kushti (Indian Wrestling)- The Dying Art. A student documentary on kushti as a declining practice. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/38e7e649-096d-4423-a910-b48df2889f4b) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H47tYLEMPO4
- **2015-05-07**, IFBB Women Bodybuilders Documentary. A documentary on IFBB women bodybuilders, uploaded in 2015, the year the Ms. Olympia was cancelled. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/ad2af2c8-b32a-4be1-87c5-2e1bbb78e8b4) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vl3fCFoQijM
- **2015-05-25**, MONOHAR AICH 1. A Bengali interview with Manohar Aich. Aich was born at Comilla in the Bengal Presidency in 1912 and died in Kolkata in 2016. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/5d00c2a8-8d29-471b-b403-75dfc4ce58b4) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2JAU72a6F-k
- **2015**, Prepared meals. Contest preparation is an extended energy deficit ending at extremely low body fat. Documented physiological consequences in case studies include suppressed reproductive hormones, reduced resting metabolic rate, mood disturbance and disordered eating patterns. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/7e4fc18e-8b15-45e5-a1ed-cb1176e4382b) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Bodybuilder_meal_prep.jpg
- **2015**, Supplement product. Under the 1994 Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act the FDA must prove a supplement unsafe rather than the manufacturer prove it safe. Nearly everything about the modern supplement market follows from that statute. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/6053b978-280f-4173-b5d6-11d5ed589b47) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Bio-Strath.jpg
- **2015**, POWER Workout • Zurkhaneh Ritual • Tehran • IRAN ‏زور خانه‎. A zurkhaneh session in Tehran. The building has a sunken pit called the gaud, ringed by seating for athletes, musicians and spectators. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/2b4f7564-56cb-467e-98d8-f011ad114a17) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BTHvXX-Qicw
- **2015**, Varzesh-e pahlavani at Mashhad. Varzesh-e bastani, the ancient sport, is the older name for the practice; varzesh-e pahlavani, the heroic sport, is the term used in the UNESCO inscription. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/8b534f4a-9e2d-4bdf-80f7-6f88e8a7d696) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Varzesh-e_Pahlavani_in_Mashhad_(6).jpg
- **2015**, Sang work, Mashhad. The sang are weighted wooden shields pressed while lying on the back, a movement with no close Western equivalent. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/96f59e77-5d9f-4c73-85e8-681dee19fa96) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Varzesh-e_Pahlavani_in_Mashhad_(8).jpg
- **2015**, Zurkhaneh ritual, Tehran. Associated in legend with the hero Rostam, though that association is folkloric rather than historical. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/56f92514-556d-4d45-9041-45d22e6a416d) Source: https://www.flickr.com/photos/97185651@N08/16244207622
- **2015**, Mil work, Tehran zurkhaneh. The mil are swung to the drum. Weight varies widely and the heaviest pairs are used by a small number of specialists. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/5b24d711-11cd-4a60-9ceb-b60a05845a3f) Source: https://www.flickr.com/photos/97185651@N08/16058911309
- **2015**, Zurkhaneh athletes, Tehran. Athletes enter and salute in order of seniority. The hierarchy is explicit and ritualised. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/4f06ab89-b6cc-4e6c-8487-a5c0fa21de36) Source: https://www.flickr.com/photos/97185651@N08/16243193211
- **2015**, Zurkhaneh, Tehran. Under Reza Shah the practice was diminished, then revived under his successor as part of a state programme of pre-Islamic heritage nationalism. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/0276dcc7-441f-46a4-a981-7ac5be0a0036) Source: https://www.flickr.com/photos/97185651@N08/15622636094
- **2015**, House of strength, Tehran. The International Zurkhaneh Sports Federation was founded in 2004 and has pushed the practice toward a competitive, scored format. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/c3a9d579-100c-4588-9d09-460e122401e4) Source: https://www.flickr.com/photos/97185651@N08/16244213782
- **2015**, Original Muscle Beach, Santa Monica. The Santa Monica site is now marked and maintained as a public facility. The physique scene moved south to Venice after the closure. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/e238d1b4-9c54-4cc0-959d-77e9087b8708) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Santa_Monica_Original_Muscle_Beach_P4070305.jpg
- **2015**, Rings at Santa Monica. Hand balancing, adagio, tumbling and pyramids were the beach's original vocabulary. Physique came second. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/dc2f6b33-8086-403c-acae-c94265b90ec7) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Three_Rings_(17290518731).jpg
- **2015**, Air Force competitors. Photographed 8 May 2015. The military circuit is one of the few in which contests, coaching and facilities are provided rather than paid for. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/dcf83210-2d3b-4480-ae33-af80f26d77ae) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Team_Malmstrom_members_compete_in_bodybuilding_competition_150508-F-GF295-211.jpg
- **2015**, Shweta Rathore. An Indian female bodybuilder. Non-Western women's bodybuilding is close to absent from the free-licensed photographic record, which is a finding about the archive rather than about the sport. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/9a7af7ea-a45d-49e3-80ee-7ac37c548909) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Shweta_Rathore.jpg
- **2015-07-21**, STRONG MAN - MR LE GALL. British Movietone newsreel of Mr Le Gall of France towing four railway trucks with his teeth, filmed 26 May 1947. The teeth-pull was a stock music hall feat carried into the newsreel era. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/227d8a7b-246b-4076-a2f2-ad1ce72e9632) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=spmTYSBKubE
- **2015-08-13**, Muscle dysmorphia explained by psychologist. A psychologist explaining muscle dysmorphia. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/ec70927a-466d-4bff-8b5e-3baa6422b94f) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5TstOziS2AA
- **2015-09-27**, 'Bigorexia': Muscle dysmorphia 'now affects one in 10 gym-going men' - BBC News. BBC News reporting a claim that muscle dysmorphia affects one in ten gym going men. Note the range in the research: this is one figure among many that differ by an order of magnitude. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/f0808e6a-d595-47cc-ac1a-bda64fd78a7e) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VqJpDS8F6hk
- **2015-10-15**, Steroids Female Bodybuilder Joanna Thomas Documentary. A documentary on British professional Joanna Thomas, who earned her IFBB pro card at 21. Thomas has spoken publicly about her own drug use, and the film is built around that account. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/8489bb9b-97ae-4c90-90e7-edbabd2598a1) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TzVQjNJv0-4
- **2015-10-18**, Grand Sumo: The Beauty of Tradition. A long film on grand sumo and its ritual structure. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/5ebae4e6-456c-49bd-9884-6f5371d097dd) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EQSEW1NFRwo
- **2015-11-05**, The Original Donald Trump: Bernarr Macfadden Goes to Town. Short profile of Macfadden as publisher and self-promoter. He refused medical treatment throughout his life, consistent with the anti-physician stance of his magazines, and died in 1955 at 87. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/55a3590b-8225-4ff8-9461-6f83c4d0c1e3) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mYATol6WinE
- **2015-12-31**, Full Documentary - Khusti. A full length student documentary on kushti. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/e9c4cf9f-cada-427d-9df9-f28d7afdb32a) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZSFovZAdt60
### 2016
- **2016-04-03**, Vince Gironda Diet Training & Exercise Documentary. A documentary on Vince Gironda's training and dietary methods. Gironda was hostile to much of the Weider orthodoxy and to the squat, which put him permanently outside the magazine establishment. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/919827f0-4a21-49f9-8108-01681aecd32c) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DiTgubgx9Pk
- **2016-06-05**, 'Pocket Hercules' Aich dies at the age of 104 \| Oneindia News. News coverage of Manohar Aich's death. Indian competitors won NABBA Mr Universe titles in both 1951 and 1952, Monotosh Roy in the Group III amateur class and Aich in the professional short class, four and five years after independence. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/c603ee56-d7bc-48ff-9678-1854cdfd166c) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ObkpsJn4pN4
- **2016-06-06**, 8 Facts About India's First Mr. Universe. A short summary of Manohar Aich's career. He joined the Royal Air Force in 1942 and was imprisoned for striking a British officer over pro colonial remarks, and is reported to have trained harder while incarcerated. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/c8435209-9ca9-401a-bdb8-6d41520ccc73) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n3k8sK6MqRs
- **2016-06-07**, India's first Mr Universe Manohar Aich dies at 104. Hindustan Times reporting Manohar Aich's death at 104 in June 2016. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/ab8496ec-012e-4ed6-b01f-07cbf4639265) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ns7P_6UIQFc
- **2016-06-08**, Manohar Aich the "Pocket Hercules". On Manohar Aich after his death. He received the Banga Bibhushan award from the Government of West Bengal in 2015. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/e7470d99-a383-49ee-86b9-5261bca41998) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=66EYUVFcdUY
- **2016**, Pre-workout supplement. A pre-workout product. American College of Sports Medicine guidance puts useful protein intake in the range of 1.2 to 1.8 grams per kilogram of bodyweight, with diminishing returns beyond that. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/ead0b6d6-c285-4cc1-8832-72e91b002f12) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Adonis_Men%27s_Pre-workout.jpg
- **2016**, Pre-workout marketed to women. The same category, marketed separately to women. The tone and bulk framing that underpins this segmentation is not physiologically meaningful. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/2e1a69fd-f7ee-42b5-85d6-eb2576ca5fb7) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Athena_Instense_Women%27s_Pre-workout.jpg
- **2016**, Dietary supplements, fact versus fiction. A US Air Force public information event on supplements. Military services run supplement education programmes because service members are a heavily marketed-to population. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/1f413ff4-bd4c-403a-bc00-c5310d550836) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Dietary_supplements,_fact_vs._fiction_160922-F-DB969-018.jpg
- **2016**, Weights and a measuring tape. Measurement is the sport's oldest habit. Sandow's own published measurements were promotional, as was the entire music hall strongman economy that produced them. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/71b59e9a-11c9-4452-b899-4910c05b0d56) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Nike,_weights,_measuring_tape.jpg
- **2016**, Barbell squat. Muscle damage correlates poorly with the magnitude of growth. Soreness is not a measure of stimulus, which contradicts the sport's most durable folk belief. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/033d4c03-8067-4268-9e5f-7fa7dab83ad4) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Kniebeuge_Powerbuilding.jpg
- **2016**, Association of Oldtime Barbell and Strongmen. The sport keeps its own history through collector associations and reunions rather than through institutional archives, which is why so much of the record is in private hands. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/9523a416-4dc1-4952-942a-b155af963c52) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Association_of_Oldtime_Barbell_%26_Strongmen_Reunion_poster_sign.jpg
- **2016**, The gaud at Yazd. The gaud is a sunken octagonal or circular pit. Athletes enter it in a fixed order of seniority, and the ritual choreography is as fixed as the exercises. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/41c35bf7-d0b9-49cd-a395-6a83dbc25a6d) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Zurkhaneh,_Yazd_01_(cropped).jpg
- **2016**, 'मिस्टर दिल्ली बॉडी बिल्डिंग चैंपियनशिप' का आयोजन, 300 बॉडी बिल्डरों ने लिया हिस्सा. Punjab Kesari television on the Mr Delhi bodybuilding championship, with 300 entrants. Local and state contests are the base of the Indian pyramid and are almost never filmed in English. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/64d825d3-aba3-44b7-b62c-4477d550a412) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-k3sHOF7AdA
- **2016**, Zurkhona in Dushanbe. The International Zurkhaneh Sports Federation, founded in 2004, claims member federations across dozens of countries. Tajikistan is one of the Persianate states where the practice continued outside Iran. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/c5382a52-d946-453b-9fc8-015a0ea8dbbd) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:%D0%97%D1%83%D1%80%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0_(%D1%88%D0%B0%D2%B3%D1%80%D0%B8_%D0%94%D1%83%D1%88%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B1%D0%B5).jpg
- **2016**, 역대급 반전 비주얼! 청순한 외모 뒤에 숨겨진 세계 1위 보디빌더 ‘지연우’ @스타킹 446회 20160419. Korean entertainment television introducing Ji Yeon-woo, a Korean women's competitor ranked first in the world in her class. Non Western women in the sport get almost no broadcast coverage anywhere, which makes this unusual. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/c35c95ee-ade1-4557-afef-03755402c703) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cVd1ckS90aI
- **2016**, 2026 新春スペシャル 第三弾 JBBF TV アーカイブ 2016 日本選手権大会 ＠メルパルクホール大阪. The 2016 Japan Championships at Mielparque Hall Osaka, from the JBBF's own archive. The JBBF is notable for enforcing drug testing, which makes the Japanese national scene one of the few genuinely tested. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/dbeb342a-1f83-428c-8772-0dcbba47cd5d) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9a2n1jQjoHg
- **2016**, 2016年 日本ボディビル ミスター日本 比較審査. Comparison judging at Mr Japan 2016. Comparisons are where the judges actually separate the field, and Japanese contests film them in full. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/6aacd2a9-8d0d-46a6-a836-28bfd4348c18) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NRNapueCifI
- **2016**, Ganadores de Clásico Mr. México. Winners of the Clasico Mr Mexico, from the Mexican Bodybuilding Federation's own channel. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/cba731a7-aba6-48fc-99a1-0c9638442e1c) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AZ8pC5sk8uE
- **2016**, NABBA Korea, Busan. NABBA, the British body that has run the Universe contest since 1948, licenses national affiliates including in Korea. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/ef9b9af3-31fd-44b3-b2a6-75f3bf4e9a7e) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:2016,_%EB%82%98%EB%B0%94%EC%BD%94%EB%A6%AC%EC%95%84%EB%B6%80%EC%82%B0_%EC%9D%B4%EC%A0%95%EB%8F%99%EC%84%A0%EC%88%98%EC%9D%98_%ED%97%AC%EC%8A%A4%EB%B3%B4%EC%B6%A9%EC%A0%9C_!_(1).jpg
- **2016**, 2016 Mr. Olympia - Kevin Levrone Posing Routine. Kevin Levrone's posing routine at the 2016 Mr. Olympia, a comeback sixteen years after he last competed. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/d78caada-6896-4c00-97f0-42d1c6b990d7) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nSaDmTCmkiY
- **2016**, Greek competitors. A Greek contest podium. The European amateur circuit is dense and largely undocumented in English. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/7cedc319-0b29-4a47-aeb0-85935d823603) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:%CE%A7%CE%91%CE%A1%CE%91%CE%9B%CE%91%CE%9C%CE%A0%CE%9F%CE%A0%CE%9F%CE%A5%CE%9B%CE%9F%CE%A3_-_%CE%9E%CE%A5%CE%9B%CE%9F%CE%A3_-_%CE%93%CE%9A%CE%99%CE%9F%CE%9A%CE%91%CE%A3.jpg
- **2016**, Rita Jairath. An Indian competitor photographed after a win. India's women's divisions developed through the same federation structure as the men's but with far less documentation. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/34dacf7e-e3c6-4c31-98af-d9a0db943da1) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Rita_Jairath.jpg
- **2016-09-06**, It's Not Just Pro Athletes That Use Steroids. A documentary arguing that steroid use extends well beyond professional athletes into recreational gym populations. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/91be8b4e-710d-4abf-bbdf-017bc89ee1ef) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bOs_R7Yhckc
- **2016-09-24**, Sudan athletes keep centuries-old tradition alive. CGTN on Sudanese athletes maintaining the wrestling tradition. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/db43f0f9-11e4-44bd-9dbd-882129a85bb9) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wiWAl9BFFhI
- **2016-10-12**, Mister Rio - A Batalha dos 80 - OFICIAL Jabaculê FIlmes. Mister Rio: A Batalha dos 80, a Brazilian documentary on the Rio de Janeiro contest scene. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/90a4200d-ef31-4e25-92e1-100f2458630e) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ATDNJu-vVOw
- **2016-11-05**, Origins Of Iron: Podcast with the legend, Robby Robinson "The Black Prince". A podcast interview with Robby Robinson, the Black Prince, who competed from the 1970s into the masters divisions. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/31d968be-8af6-4f40-98b6-843cd2390ede) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QSyXzKYGJaY
- **2016-11-16**, Egyptian woman aims to be world champion bodybuilder. AP on an Egyptian woman training to compete as a world champion bodybuilder. Non Western women's bodybuilding is almost entirely absent from the record, which makes agency footage like this unusually valuable. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/6f434e1c-b75c-43a1-9246-cbae84a9244b) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4Yli8jJqjZw
- **2016-12-14**, BDD Conference 2016: Muscle Dysmorphia & Areas of Concern Common in Men with BDD - Dr Rob Willson. A conference presentation on muscle dysmorphia at the Body Dysmorphic Disorder Foundation. Key researchers in the field include Harrison Pope, Katharine Phillips and Roberto Olivardia, whose book The Adonis Complex appeared in 2000. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/ff32971d-eded-4f83-bc57-5a9b0a765179) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d84unvY9bwk
- **2016-12-27**, Many young men in Senegal seek fame and fortune through combat sport. CGTN on young Senegalese men entering combat sport for money and standing. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/4613d2a8-296b-49e4-aec8-ce3b8b6572b2) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UFLnqHvGnZY
### 2017
- **2017-01-12**, Ripped: Inside Women’s Bodybuilding [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/070f4f5d-8304-47ee-a637-eaa5cacac89e) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Cm6W5JFhLZQ
- **2017-01-31**, The Science of Squatting, with Brad Schoenfeld \| NSCA.com. Brad Schoenfeld lecturing on the science of squatting for the National Strength and Conditioning Association. Schoenfeld is the most cited researcher in hypertrophy science. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/bdbd59a5-8e68-4a65-983e-43c01ef19a9f) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CjkzqsO3qhY
- **2017-02-02**, The Blonde Bomber.. On Dave Draper, the Blond Bomber, a Weider era figure of the 1960s. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/a67cfe63-39a2-47bb-9671-192bbe4e90e5) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n2L_idd5L1k
- **2017-03-27**, Sudanese Wrestling: Old Sport, New Country - The Feed. SBS on Sudanese wrestling carried into Australia by refugees, an intact strength tradition transplanted. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/cbe1aaef-e37e-4b08-b71c-7ea7e61a1aae) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HpjlgP9Vh0o
- **2017-04-06**, The History of the Sandow Trophy. On the Sandow statuette, the trophy given to Mr Olympia winners since 1977. The object is a direct commercial inheritance: the prize at Sandow's own 1901 contest was a gold statuette of himself. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/bc6d1a7d-2265-464c-a1e7-51f3b66ca457) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ngKjBLj95eY
- **2017-04-13**, THE MENTZER BROTHERS, ARTHUR JONES AND NAUTILUS HOW IT AFFECTED BODYBUILDING. Ric Drasin on the Mentzer brothers, Arthur Jones and Nautilus, and how the argument played out inside the sport. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/8afb0950-3ea8-42cc-8c50-2e67860b35fb) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FewtT57-FzY
- **2017-04-17**, Athlete with Wand - 1894. Athlete with Wand, an 1894 Edison Manufacturing Company film shot at West Orange by Dickson and Heise. The uploader describes it as a screen test made around the Sandow filming, which places it among the earliest surviving moving pictures of a trained physique. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/fa7ca95a-dc97-4190-88c2-349d7c5a1a6e) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZX6kQ9OEnis
- **2017-05-11**, 3DMJ Podcast #50: How do you know if you’re evidence-based?. A podcast asking what being evidence based actually requires, from a natural bodybuilding coaching group. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/ce4aecd1-e8af-409d-b5a3-7b41793017d4) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WHevXHLdMm4
- **2017-05-22**, Chronic anabolic steroid use may damage heart, arteries. Massachusetts General Hospital summarising research finding that chronic anabolic steroid use may damage the heart and arteries. Documented cardiac findings include left ventricular hypertrophy, raised LDL cholesterol and increased risk of myocardial infarction. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/3498327a-2a6f-4901-9e25-86987dbfd4bd) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XkMSFKrLsBk
- **2017-05-25**, The Rogue Legends Series - Chapter 1: Eugen Sandow / 8K - A documentary film by Rogue Fitness. Rogue Fitness documentary on Eugen Sandow, born Friedrich Wilhelm Muller in Konigsberg in 1867. Sandow was brought to America by showman Florenz Ziegfeld for the 1893 World's Columbian Exposition, where the act shifted from lifting to muscle display. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/7c2f8785-cdf1-4868-aa88-0e547a02025f) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S-nPD2__e0E
- **2017-06-07**, The Last of the Iron Sisters: SWOLE Ep. 2. The second episode of VICE Sports' SWOLE, following competitors through the years when the Ms. Olympia did not exist. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/5830f992-61db-4950-9b5c-4a761a5534c6) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QfcJVJwRgEA
- **2017**, Juiced Up - The Consequences of Steroids: SWOLE Ep. 3. VICE Sports on the consequences of steroid use, the third episode of SWOLE. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/6b3b5d1d-dcb3-423d-817a-d7dab6fbd77b) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qELlhoe9Nb8
- **2017**, Food supplements. In 1985 Weider settled with the Federal Trade Commission over misleading muscle-building claims for products including Anabolic Mega-Pak, agreeing to pay a minimum of 400,000 dollars in refunds and to stop making unsubstantiated claims. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/14f7979b-da4a-4ac6-9ce4-f19ebac6b04e) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Food_supplements.jpg
- **2017**, Training. Andreas Munzer, who died on 14 March 1996 aged 31, is the best-documented case in the sport because a full autopsy was performed. Cause of death was recorded as dystrophic multiple organ failure. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/9bdcc1b2-d31c-4907-8824-3b2c025b934f) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Bodybuilder_doing_an_exercise.jpg
- **2017**, Gym interior. The bodybuilding literature records intensified body image problems among young adults, driven specifically by a lack of transparency about enhancement. Some figures now argue for openness about drug use on exactly those public-health grounds. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/6b3e4282-fdce-42d5-a5ef-393091e5d5ae) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Teenage_Bodybuilding.jpg
- **2017**, Kirkpinar 2017. The 2017 Kirkpinar oil wrestling championship at Edirne, filmed at length. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/2d16e6bb-4a0f-48b7-8bc1-8586eeb9b6a4) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WkpzsjHQFWo
- **2017**, Takhti zurkhaneh, Yazd. A zurkhaneh named for Gholamreza Takhti. Yazd holds several of the best preserved historic houses of strength in Iran. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/685eb175-e44e-478e-bba5-f402f199dfc7) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:%D8%B2%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AE%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%87_%D8%AA%D8%AE%D8%AA%DB%8C_-%DB%B2.jpg
- **2017**, Zorkhana at Nowruz, Baku. Azerbaijani zorkhana performance at the Nowruz festivities, five years before the UNESCO inscription. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/36e19121-e4a3-40e4-b701-1ab18575dd10) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Nowruz_2017_in_Azerbaijan_10.jpg
- **2017**, 2017 ARNOLD CLASSIC - 212 FINALS - AHMAD ASHKANANI. Kuwait's Ahmad Ashkanani in the 212 finals at the 2017 Arnold Classic, which he won. The 212 division caps competitors at 212 pounds and is where lighter athletes compete. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/b99b0247-3a87-4bb4-ae51-17f126183b13) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xn8b5134ap0
- **2017**, AHMAD ASHKANANI Arnold 2017 212 Bodybuilding Winner Interviewed By Tony Doherty. Ahmad Ashkanani interviewed by Tony Doherty after winning the 212 class at the 2017 Arnold Classic. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/e82deeac-d663-42ab-9011-9626e4776777) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=87JT4PooBdQ
- **2017**, Ahmad Ashkanani 🇰🇼 2nd @ 2017 Mr. Olympia (212). Ahmad Ashkanani placing second in the 212 division at the 2017 Mr. Olympia. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/b8adc422-0455-4605-acf6-cab1023dfc2c) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=spMmnNsSArU
- **2017**, Asian bodybuilding championship seaol South Korea 2017. The Asian Bodybuilding Championship in Seoul, 2017. The Asian Bodybuilding Federation was co-founded by Monotosh Roy of India. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/72de9329-95c6-459e-a296-e88a61783c35) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DRCBrD5cdE4
- **2017**, 新年度スペシャル！JBBF TV アーカイブ 2017年度 第63回 日本男子ボディビル 第35回 日本女子フィジーク選手権大会 @メルパルクホール東京. The 63rd Japan Men's Bodybuilding Championships and the 35th Japan Women's Physique Championships, 2017, from the JBBF archive. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/1ca2e98c-5203-48c8-988a-9eeb73f1a63a) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2ZIvHSdCL0Q
- **2017**, Kareem Olayinka Waheed. A Nigerian bodybuilder. Samson Dauda, Nigerian-born and UK-based, would go on to win Mr Olympia; Ghanaian-born William Bonac has been a long-running pro contender. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/14e9ef5e-3165-4433-9cd4-f4f1dbd3af0e) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Kareem_Olayinka_%27Body%27_Waheed.jpg
- **2017**, Lee Haney Games, contestant 171. An Indian competitor at a contest named for Lee Haney, the eight-time Mr Olympia. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/d8098be1-6676-45d0-8fe2-15ed04a1ad71) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Lee_Haney_Games_2017,_contestant_nr._171.jpg
- **2017**, Rajendran Mani. An Indian bodybuilder. India's modern federations have been fractious, with rival bodies claiming IFBB affiliation. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/afbce9d5-b33c-4f85-8c41-578293a9fe94) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Rajendran_mani_(_Mr_World).jpg
- **2017**, 2017 Arnold Classic: Cedric McMillan Posing Routine. Cedric McMillan's posing routine at the 2017 Arnold Classic, which he won. McMillan died in 2022. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/91e8495a-0782-4378-b1b7-e97c9e634ce0) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bUQbYrJ6Rtk
- **2017**, NPC contest, Wayne, New Jersey. The National Physique Committee is the American amateur body and the only route to an IFBB professional card. The NPC does not require drug testing. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/714859be-466d-442e-9585-e5a0fc607254) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:NPC_Wayne_NJ.jpg
- **2017**, Physique contest at Alva's Nudisiri. A physique competition staged within a cultural festival in Karnataka, India. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/2b9897c1-ad93-485b-9598-8ea9e508ce60) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Alvas_Nudisiri_2017.jpg
- **2017**, Beres Alexandra. A Hungarian competitor and fitness figure. Athlete income across the sport comes chiefly from sponsorship rather than prize money. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/83144cda-0584-4e6e-aa54-564818049125) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:B%C3%A9res_Alexandra_for_Natural_Pharmaceuticals.jpg
- **2017-06-25**, Larry Scott 'A Life in Bodybuilding' - The first ever Mr Olympia. A short profile of Larry Scott, the first Mr. Olympia. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/b7418798-7034-44a1-9f39-78ef5b4580da) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=agzCYYlONwA
- **2017-06-28**, 60 Year History of the NABBA Universe 1950 - 2010. A survey of sixty years of the NABBA Universe from 1950 to 2010. The NABBA Universe began in London in 1948 and awarded multiple titles per year across amateur and professional divisions and height classes, which is why several men can be Mr Universe in the same year. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/5bb25309-cc68-4b31-a24b-0142752378d4) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2tdiwf_fGpY
- **2017-08-01**, Muscle Dysmorphia – The Male Eating Disorder \| Scott Griffiths \| TEDxSydney. Researcher Scott Griffiths on muscle dysmorphia as a male eating disorder. Prevalence estimates range from one percent to 54 percent depending on the population studied, and that range is itself the finding: the condition is poorly measured. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/263180a8-5026-4e4f-99d7-480048ac9a42) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vs7nKcPsAXI
- **2017-08-15**, Charles Rigoulot (1924) \| SIMPLEXSTRONG. Film of the French lifter Charles Rigoulot in 1924 performing the one-arm snatch, clean and jerk, two-hand press and two-hand snatch. Unlike most strongman claims of the period, Olympic-style lifts of this kind were contested under rules, so the footage records technique rather than billing. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/d1edf15e-f230-4cb4-ad5b-625c4b8260b2) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i6t_iXEy1J0
- **2017-09-01**, Super Size She. 's bodybuilding is almost entirely undocumented on film, so a student production is a real source here. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/f9c4a962-ce89-4ce7-8ed4-b47c02fe5197) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5NM0WOAKw60
- **2017-10-11**, The Rogue Legends Series - Chapter 2: Louis "Apollon" Uni / 8K. Documentary on Louis Uni, who performed as Apollon, a French music hall strongman of the 1890s. His railway axle barbell survives and remains a benchmark lift, one of the few strongman claims of the era with a physical object attached. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/15cc0db0-32e9-49c7-83ad-8c267bd71015) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kdZZm1f4RvY
- **2017-11-14**, Prof Harrison Pope on effects of steroid use and need for research and knowledgeable physicians. Professor Harrison Pope on the effects of anabolic steroid use and the need for more research and better informed clinicians. Pope is one of the researchers who defined muscle dysmorphia in the 1990s. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/ff84830f-795b-4449-9755-d30ffee7e4c2) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UFNLEuTXdj4
- **2017-12-22**, What it Was Like Working for Joe Weider \| Tiger Fitness. A first hand account of what working for Joe Weider was like. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/51020f21-2581-413f-a2b6-efa2436fd7b9) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BeAGPNKN15Y
- **2017-12-28**, Keeping Women's Bodybuilding Division Alive: Swole. VICE on the collapse and survival of the women's bodybuilding division. After the IFBB dropped the Ms. Olympia following 2014, the Wings of Strength organisation created the Rising Phoenix World Championships, which ran as the de facto replacement from 2015 to 2019. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/b8cf0d7b-a977-451d-9246-006020351563) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MFyGrxBQQJw
### 2018
- **2018-01-15**, Steroids Documentary Steroids In The UK Documentary) 1. A documentary on anabolic steroid use in the United Kingdom, where possession for personal use is treated differently in law than in the United States. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/e4a29206-bc2d-47ce-9bbd-506b95903a6c) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Wx5DdnnUhco
- **2018-01-19**, Bob Hoffman and York Barbell Club. On Bob Hoffman, who acquired the Milo company in 1932 and rebranded it York Barbell. Hoffman combined a magazine, a barbell company, a supplement line and effective control of American Olympic weightlifting, the template Joe Weider later followed. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/bd63e3a6-b38d-4323-933a-ae627935d46e) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kFi1dfaAzdE
- **2018-03-06**, The Life of Arthur Jones & History of High Intensity Training \| David Landau \| Full Length HD. A long account of Arthur Jones and the origins of high intensity training. Jones invented the Nautilus machine, built it around a cam that varied resistance through the range of motion, and used it to argue that far less training than the sport believed was necessary. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/f99fa542-0699-4851-bec9-d0287d4b2100) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KIPuliy107Q
- **2018-03-14**, 80-years-old Egyptian bodybuilder amazes younger gym mates. An 80 year old Egyptian competitor training alongside much younger men. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/7e9afdc9-4b25-4af4-af6c-65658fa6cf9c) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ITX0YdAq5yE
- **2018-04-04**, Stories of the Iron Age: Bill Pearl. Bill Pearl telling stories from the iron age of the 1950s and 1960s, an era with far less filmed record than the 1970s. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/47139e65-ce97-4f5c-8c39-abbd501c4b58) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EmmI6uatk4k
- **2018-04-13**, Body Capital and Masculinity in Gym-Going Subcultures and Social Media. A sociologist on body capital and masculinity in gym going subcultures and on social media. Academic work on the sport is scarce and this is a researcher presenting his own fieldwork. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/2c4c8c6f-d19f-4c03-b03f-bea98cd61f95) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6T0hFZoTcaU
- **2018-04-28**, Legend, Dr Franco Columbu's Office Bodybuilding Champion. Franco Columbu interviewed at his chiropractic office. Columbu qualified as a chiropractor and practised for decades alongside the bodybuilding career. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/c974d9ad-b578-412c-9504-4acee9b5e5a2) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S0WweJtw6tw
- **2018-05-19**, MacFadden & Houdini 1899: Precursors to Superman & Batman \|\| Docuseries-38 by Alex Grand. On Macfadden and Houdini in 1899 as models for the later comic-book strongman. Physical culture and popular publishing fed each other, and the muscular hero on the newsstand came out of the same presses. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/4b540e2d-a28a-4b7e-a45d-61ce9e29f98e) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RFsvGoWZ1Bk
- **2018-05-31**, 25 anos de história: Um documentário sobre o fisiculturismo em Mato Grosso. Twenty five years of bodybuilding in Mato Grosso, a documentary on a regional Brazilian scene rather than the national one. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/f5836caa-af34-44dd-8a50-8e227124a34e) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PPZbjxCCeXA
- **2018-06-11**, The Fitness Subculture and Social Media Influence. On the fitness subculture and the influence of social media on it. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/e1e9bbab-f1a1-4ec0-bdc0-d3e935c52b8f) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5gb_iqxm7Bo
- **2018**, FDA at an international mail facility. FDA inspection of imported products at a mail facility. The 1990 Anabolic Steroid Control Act placed anabolic steroids in Schedule III of the US Controlled Substances Act; both the American Medical Association and the Drug Enforcement Administration opposed the bill. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/cd1aaa4e-4f3d-4448-9fa4-5ddb509b96b5) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:FDA_and_the_International_Mail_Facilities_(IMFs)_(40036838615).jpg
- **2018**, Bodybuilding supplements in a store. Retail supplement shelves. The athlete's income comes chiefly from supplement sponsorship, guest posing, coaching and social media rather than prize money, which is the relationship Joe Weider built in the 1940s. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/8515aa72-4733-4cb2-a3f7-73c46938afbb) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Bodybuilding_supplements_in_store_20180227.jpg
- **2018**, The House of Strength: Ancient Persian Martial Arts in Yazd - Iran (4/2018). A zurkhaneh session at Yazd, filmed by a visitor. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/7a2e548a-0508-40cc-bd87-4816c3c403b4) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q3brlUGfbo0
- **2018**, Zurkhaneh, The House of Strength in Kerman, Iran. A zurkhaneh in Kerman, Iran. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/2c8af474-c312-489c-812a-bed52396dbbb) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LB6d3qMap_k
- **2018**, The dand. 's bodyweight pressing movement, the so-called Hindu push-up. Traditional volumes are reported in the thousands of reps per day; the widely repeated figure of 4,000 is a traditional claim, not a measurement. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/3ea66059-6282-42f0-aecd-ad61cfaad27e) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Dand,_Dund,_Hindu_push-up.png
- **2018**, The baithak. 's deep bodyweight squat. This plate is captioned as possibly showing the Great Gama, Ghulam Mohammad Baksh Butt, 1878 to 1960, titled Rustam-e-Zaman. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/c855968b-af76-4346-bd01-4b07e6e64938) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Squat,_baithak,_Hindu_squat,_possibly_%27The_Great_Gamma%27.png
- **2018**, 55kg weight category Mr INDIA 2018 - comparison and results. The 55kg class comparison and results at IBBF Mr India 2018. Indian national bodybuilding runs many light weight classes, a structure that reflects the population it draws from rather than the American open division model. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/bcff35bf-7730-4b9d-87c6-4af9ec2d14d1) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DBlvAE8A9dU
- **2018**, Ahmad Ashkanani @ Mr. Olympia 🇰🇼 البطل الكويتي احمد أشكناني يحرز فضية مستر أولمبيا العالمية. Arabic language coverage of Ahmad Ashkanani taking silver in the Olympia 212 division. Kuwait City's Oxygen Gym became in the 2010s a genuine centre of world bodybuilding, financing and housing athletes from Egypt, Iran, Kurdistan and elsewhere. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/6ebbb458-a435-4e24-b11c-9e51f315bd73) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KdUhTgySYCc
- **2018**, 2026 新春スペシャル 第四弾 JBBF TV アーカイブ 2018 日本選手権大会. The 2018 Japan Championships from the JBBF's own television archive. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/051a97e1-4834-4fe1-98b5-8ecae63b75a4) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iPEfY4mYG5E
- **2018**, Bodybuilders in Ghana. Photographed for Wiki Loves Folklore in Ghana. The Arnold Classic has run an African edition in South Africa since 2016. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/d12ca8d3-907b-4275-aa77-ff5b3f8f590a) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Bodybuilders.jpg
- **2018**, Leo Stronda at a WBFF show. A Brazilian competitor. Brazil hosts the Arnold Classic South America, held since 2013, and is credited as the origin of the Wellness division. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/ca5b707a-19f1-4cc9-9ac9-76931347ff92) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Leo_Stronda_Solo_WBFF.jpg
- **2018**, Shawn Rhoden - Mr. Olympia 2018 Posing. Shawn Rhoden posing at the 2018 Mr. Olympia, which he won. Rhoden died in 2021. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/72d4a504-e503-4f95-90d6-8babc20764f1) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=T9jUjJABjRg
- **2018**, 2018 Mr.Olympia Press Conference.Shawn Rhoden vs Phil Heath. The press conference before the 2018 Mr. Olympia, where Shawn Rhoden ended Phil Heath's seven title run. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/10ac767d-6028-40fe-afe1-88a8272ed90f) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tnkaY-Au3_U
- **2018**, Mr. Olympia 2018 - Final Round. The final round of the 2018 Mr. Olympia. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/1f4e928d-4698-4b31-884f-34e022f8c1eb) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eYmpkkPMwhk
- **2018**, IFBB Cali Pro. A professional qualifier. A professional card is the only route from the amateur tier into paid competition, and the NPC that issues it does not require drug testing. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/45a19906-0295-4e56-9f9d-3ef95399e00d) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:GW_IFBB_CALI_PRO_FR.jpg
- **2018**, Victoria Posmitna. A Ukrainian female bodybuilder. Eastern European countries saw rapid growth in competitive bodybuilding after the Soviet collapse, in which the sport had been officially discouraged. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/64bb820c-8744-4b1a-b303-4720b0584444) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Victoria_Posmitna.jpg
- **2018-07-13**, Rated K: Meet Mr. Olympia Jeremy Buendia. ABS-CBN on Jeremy Buendia, the Filipino American who won four Men's Physique Olympia titles. Men's Physique, introduced in the 2010s, is judged in board shorts and rewards a much less extreme physique than open bodybuilding. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/0ad41cfa-4616-4eb9-978d-d8872df524b3) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sKyqVWlQ-90
- **2018-08-18**, Interview in radio Kuwait. Ahmad Ashkanani interviewed at length on Kuwait radio, from his own channel. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/25a514e8-5106-463a-8fd2-5e21d0dbea25) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9EghTOilq-w
- **2018-08-22**, Daily Life at a Sumō Stable \| nippon.com. Daily life at a sumo stable, from nippon.com. Sumo is the dominant organised Japanese strength and mass tradition, and its relationship to body size is the opposite of bodybuilding's: mass is functional rather than displayed. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/35a0340f-ae0b-41a1-8980-5681e7e92566) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MhYi09sBTzA
- **2018-08-28**, 60-Second Strength History -- Episode 4: Louis Cyr and The Origin of The Backlift. On Louis Cyr and the back lift, the platform lift on which his largest reported figures rest. The back lift is unusually hard to verify because the load, the leverage and the witnesses were all controlled by the promoter. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/2ed13bf5-5da6-4e1e-954b-c0d4342f5d98) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Dq5_vPrsXc4
- **2018-11-05**, The Origin Of Steroids. An account of where anabolic steroids came from. The story that Ziegler learned of Soviet testosterone use from a Soviet team doctor at Vienna in 1954 rests on Ziegler's own later recollection, and it frames American doping as a defensive response to the Soviets. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/a2b91b29-5f96-4306-8055-501480c59a3e) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Vzipma6TpvA
- **2018-11-11**, Idle Training: Scenes of Pleasure at Muscle Beach, 1934-1958 (and what came after). A Brunel University research seminar on Muscle Beach from 1934 to 1958, treating the site as a performance space. Muscle Beach was a 1934 WPA New Deal installation rather than private enterprise, and this talk covers the acrobatic and hand balancing culture in which Abbye Stockton worked. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/b999ea5f-09a5-4e78-a1ca-b8fc5128b31e) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-uEBvxx8iKI
### 2019
- **2019-01-27**, Panjabi Wrestling - From India to the UK. Punjabi wrestling followed from India to the United Kingdom, where the diaspora kept the practice going. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/88664c02-31df-4f7e-af8d-96b477d33718) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FnU41074m-Y
- **2019-02-03**, The fight is for life in India’s oldest Wrestling club \| Can't Stay Down. The Olympic Games channel at what it calls India's oldest wrestling club. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/381775ef-707b-4938-adbe-b411a920f017) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dC7CD-Wrolg
- **2019-02-06**, The Rogue Legends Series - Chapter 3: Hackenschmidt / 8K. Documentary on George Hackenschmidt, the Estonian-born wrestler and strongman whose name survives in the hack squat. He bridged the music hall strength circuit and organised professional wrestling before 1914. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/962e78c8-61ae-4aa3-b468-338c2fac91b7) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tIvI6KYpFWA
- **2019-02-11**, Kushti Wrestling Documentary - Chandu Pahalwan Akhara. A documentary at the Chandu Pahalwan akhara. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/dda6961e-f703-4b2f-aa0a-1c8f58c5b9f9) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7IfNp0arxE4
- **2019-04-07**, A Senegalese Wrestler Trains to Become the ‘King of the Arena’ \| Short Film Showcase. National Geographic following a Senegalese wrestler training for the title of King of the Arena. Laamb training is a strength culture with its own methods and no relation to bodybuilding, and it draws crowds a physique contest never has. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/f9caa92b-9053-42ca-80d2-587ca1c3f4e3) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y06SGyk_mtg
- **2019-05-14**, Crazy land bodybuilding documentary featured on Netflix and discovery channel. A bodybuilding documentary that reached mainstream streaming distribution. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/71a45360-bcfd-49c3-baee-8377292a00c0) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oF4VA2O7dEg
- **2019-05-19**, AMERICA'S FIRST BODYBUILDER-FITNESS STAR : CHARLES ATLAS. On Atlas as America's first fitness star, and on the ninety-seven-pound weakling advertisement. The mass-market pitch for muscle was never mainly athletic: it was shame and bullying, sold to boys, and it ran for decades. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/602b25c2-6e7b-4763-9762-d38d85041769) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lS11wQbxo6A
- **2019-05-27**, GODFATHER OF STRENGTH & FITNESS: BERNARR MACFADDEN. On Bernarr Macfadden, born Bernard Adolphus McFadden on 16 August 1868, who founded Physical Culture magazine in 1899 and built a publishing empire on it including True Story and the New York Evening Graphic. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/0a757137-b0d9-4795-a8d0-64f677be6395) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MN2mEnj4-WI
- **2019-06-06**, Arnold Classic Co-Founder Jim Lorimer at 2019 Arnold Sports Festival. Jim Lorimer, who co-founded the Arnold Classic with Schwarzenegger, speaking at the 2019 festival. Lorimer ran the Columbus event for four decades and died in 2022. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/e0d19933-c297-4c77-a392-59c1e676281b) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CB9bZulm69g
- **2019**, Contest preparation [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/7e859f5f-8601-4112-9c47-07999d0a0663) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Mikhail_Volinkin_prep.jpg
- **2019**, Late in preparation. Peak week manipulation of fluid and electrolytes to achieve the dry look is the practice most directly implicated in competition-adjacent deaths, because it produces electrolyte derangement in an already stressed cardiovascular system. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/92a578a5-dcf3-4c92-8839-54fe14d44df4) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Mikhail_Volinkin_prep5.jpg
- **2019**, Bench press. Time under tension research shows mixed results despite being treated as settled doctrine in gyms. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/8ba4aed8-b941-4446-98ea-99013a8f2e3c) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Bench_Press.jpg
- **2019**, Barbell at FIBO. FIBO in Cologne is Europe's largest fitness trade fair. The equipment industry, not the contests, is where the sport's money now sits. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/884e0bf0-df8e-4d22-b20d-9e161864ddda) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Barbell_at_FIBO_2019_in_Cologne,_Germany_(47952426067).jpg
- **2019**, Lucknow Akhara - Traditional Kushti Wrestling workout. A training session at a Lucknow akhara, filmed without commentary. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/fa5c805f-3a65-4960-bd44-de65ad69a3c6) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NmPlSZ3bSag
- **2019**, 667. Tarihi Elmalı Yağlı Pehlivan Güreşleri 2019. The 667th historic Elmali oil wrestling festival in 2019, one of the regional events below Kirkpinar. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/5f74d794-af0e-4fd7-99f3-577c205e54d7) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IzXmHwqyyxM
- **2019**, Warming up in the gaud. The session is continuous and drum-led rather than set-and-rest. The morshed's tempo, not a clock, governs the work. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/5dc770d6-8139-4fd6-841f-f42836f8d269) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Man_during_the_warming_up_of_a_Zurkaneh_session.jpg
- **2019**, «САМСОН-45». Кубок России по бодибилдингу (IFBB/ФББР). ТРАНСЛЯЦИЯ, 19.04.2019, Краснодар, часть - II. The full four hour broadcast of the Samson 45 Russian Bodybuilding Cup from Krasnodar on 19 April 2019, run under IFBB and Russian federation rules. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/077d2511-c4b0-44ed-a3eb-b50c6f331c84) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vC8Cvm8sReU
- **2019**, IFBB MR. PHILIPPINES 2019 \| MEN'S PHYSIQUE + BODYBUILDING + WOMEN'S BIKINI. IFBB Mr Philippines 2019, covering men's physique, bodybuilding and women's bikini classes. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/f9c08836-a612-488c-9f90-3e353a7858dd) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vCY2gm8ELks
- **2019**, Atletik Fizik /Vücut Geliştirme Türkiye Şampiyonası( Men's physique 2019 Turkey ). The men's physique class at the 2019 Turkish bodybuilding championship. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/a0998c1a-bb74-402d-9a1e-46e4c1398659) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GXTV2-NnRyM
- **2019**, Bodybuilder at Chale Wote, Accra. A physique display at the Chale Wote street art festival in Accra. Ghana has produced one of the sport's most prominent modern professionals in William Bonac, who competes out of the Netherlands. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/bbbe1d31-1189-458b-90be-6e95e02207d0) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Chale_Wote_306.jpg
- **2019**, Improvised dumbbells, Senegal. Home-made weights in Senegal. Improvised equipment is a constant of the sport's history, from Alan Calvert's early plate-loaded barbells to the concrete-and-pipe sets of the present. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/ddb9ad8f-83b2-458f-a11b-34c485ad998b) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Creative_Senegalese_Dummbells.jpg
- **2019**, Brandon Curry 🇺🇸 1st @ 2019 Mr. Olympia (BB). Brandon Curry winning the 2019 Mr. Olympia. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/6971320c-3cc2-4f86-b1d0-03076e54750e) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pOls6GQKq00
- **2019**, 2019 Olympia Backstage Pumping Up With Mr.Olympia Brandon Curry. Backstage in the pump room with Brandon Curry at the 2019 Olympia. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/83d43f63-ff7d-465a-85a6-595d04723abf) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GCDSl_jutlY
- **2019**, Kaliningrad regional championship. A Russian regional championship. The post-Soviet scene grew out of the basement gyms, the kachalki, that had operated outside official sport structures. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/b70a72d2-688f-4966-828f-aa2cccab9697) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:%D0%A1hampionship_of_the_Kaliningrad_area_on_bodybuilding_05.jpg
- **2019**, Women's Physique winners, Sweden. The Swedish national championship. Women's Physique was created around 2013 to catch athletes too muscular for Figure after open bodybuilding's contraction. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/5d1ecf5b-b638-4485-a4af-38ff743132a4) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:SBFF_SM_2019_Women%27s_Physique_Winners.jpg
- **2019-07-11**, Drug Testing, New Supplement Research, Squat Science, and Dr. Eric Helms (Podcast Episode 8). A research podcast covering drug testing, supplement research and squat science, with Eric Helms. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/c132230c-97f6-4112-9ffe-570edb9d0bd1) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3qQ7ITnNKTY
- **2019-07-23**, PROFESSOR ATTILA: THE REAL FATHER OF BODYBUILDING!!. On Louis Durlacher, who performed as Professor Attila, born 1844 and died 1924. He taught Sandow in Brussels and later ran a New York gym, making him the connective tissue between the European strongman circuit and American physical culture. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/21ea1cef-2dfb-459d-8529-247a0244a33f) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Im56T_PvBhk
- **2019-08-22**, Culturistas en España: cuando tener el cuerpo perfecto es un objetivo vital \| Tanto X Ciento. Spanish television on competitors for whom the physique has become the organising purpose of life. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/3f7e5dba-2836-4fa0-96a8-108f30fed5f6) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CFAloQCtfzg
- **2019-08-26**, Ep. 29- The Science & History of Steroids (And Drug Testing). The Iron Culture podcast on the science and history of anabolic steroids and of drug testing, from researchers in the field. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/e02c583b-2939-48d8-b2d7-1921bbba5f82) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XN7u4-ckZK8
- **2019-08-31**, Franco Columbu. Il racconto della tragedia e il disperato tentativo di salvargli la vita. Sardinian television reporting the circumstances of Franco Columbu's death in 2019 and the attempt to save him. He died after being taken ill while swimming off the Sardinian coast. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/9eb16598-bf87-47b9-be49-1a902baea182) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kRX66ChH76M
- **2019-08-31**, Franco Columbu intervistato in California da Luca Mattu della Fight Nuoro Academy. Franco Columbu interviewed in California by Luca Mattu, published by Sardegna Live around the time of his death in August 2019. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/a5c05acb-e45b-4115-aeac-8cd3f256e319) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5T7OKdCdjpY
- **2019-10-03**, Reading Research, the Placebo Diet, Muscle Memory, and Alex Kolliari-Turner (Episode 20). A long research podcast covering how to read studies, placebo effects in diet research and muscle memory, with geneticist Alex Kolliari-Turner. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/25a4b14b-fdfd-4729-890c-b38a6263eaf1) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jE8PvsUKitk
- **2019-10-13**, WRESTLING inside Africa (Nuba fighting) 🇸🇩SUDAN. Nuba wrestling in Sudan, filmed on location. The Nuba tradition is a strength and grappling culture with no relation to the Western gym, and it is one of the oldest continuously practised in Africa. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/129eb980-4c33-4776-b7c9-35e30ead3c93) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x-_5UzbAX7o
- **2019-10-25**, Miss Olympia 6 Time Winner Cory Everson discusses her training and life. Six time Ms. Olympia Cory Everson in a long conversation with Ric Drasin about her training and her life after competition. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/d7577fbc-d68d-4b28-a9c3-1f0411398649) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2_5QDQcF3bI
- **2019-10-31**, What are Indian Clubs? A Brief History of the Exercise. A history of Indian clubs, the mugdar of the South Asian akhara, which were exported into British and American military and gymnastic training in the nineteenth century. This is a documented transmission from a non-Western tradition into Western physical culture, and it runs opposite to the usual telling. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/ed3caab4-e17f-4145-8e7e-1245996fad93) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AkTYmhUMzt0
- **2019-11-16**, 181: Brad Schoenfeld - An updated view on the mechanisms of muscle hypertrophy. Brad Schoenfeld on an updated view of the mechanisms of muscle hypertrophy, revising positions he had previously published. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/dffa1dfc-70e0-4604-a780-17fb5d973419) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hOWoAg8pG8E
- **2019-11-19**, Muscle dysmorphia: when you’re never big enough. ABC Science on muscle dysmorphia. The condition was conceptualised in the late 1990s, initially under the term reverse anorexia, and is recognised in DSM-5 as a specifier of body dysmorphic disorder where the concern is that the body is too small or insufficiently muscular. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/6caf6582-36c2-4c14-a02f-1de3da433249) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=obhTXcaaUjs
- **2019-11-30**, THE FIRST STRONGMAN FELICE NAPOLI!! THE ITALIAN HERCULES AND TEACHER OF PROF ATTILA!!. On Felice Napoli, the Italian performer billed as the Italian Hercules, who taught Professor Attila, who in turn taught Sandow. The lineage is a chain of variety-theatre professionals, not of coaches in any modern sense. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/4272584a-0433-4add-9c79-933d330eaa24) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YIrkZhmu2aE
- **2019-12-09**, HIPPOLYTE TRIAT & THE PHYSICAL CULTURE REVOLUTION!!. On Hippolyte Triat, the French strongman who organised exercises into a system and taught it in his own gymnasia in the mid-nineteenth century. Triat's commercial gyms predate Sandow's Institutes by decades. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/71cf2aae-929e-4fe9-8cc0-c0324bae71d2) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FtkDA_5nsL0
- **2019-12-21**, Indian Clubs/Mugdar Documentary \| Rajasthan India. A documentary on mugdar, the paired Indian clubs, filmed in Rajasthan. Indian club swinging was exported into British and American military and gymnastic training in the nineteenth century, a documented transmission from a non Western tradition into Western physical culture that inverts the usual direction of the story. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/d3e2f581-4ba6-4478-b3df-d350c338c4b1) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aYh67Hsxp10
- **2019-12-25**, 🔥 Бодибилдинг в СССР. Кирилл Дубков - последний чемпион СССР. Kirill Dubkov, described as the last USSR champion, interviewed by Generation Iron East Europe. The Soviet Union dissolved in 1991 and Eastern European bodybuilding grew rapidly afterwards. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/da2daa46-9fc8-43ec-a768-d47b9a75ae08) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pckhQtRxavE
### 2020
- **2020-01-01**, #28–Mark & Chris Bell: steroids, powerlifting, addiction, diet, training, & helping others live well. A long interview with Mark and Chris Bell covering steroids, powerlifting and addiction, twelve years after the film. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/d956b437-57d5-41d0-955e-25c10f3f0e2e) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yHhRB62uHPM
- **2020-01-25**, A day in the lives of sumo wrestlers. The Japan Times following a day in the lives of sumo wrestlers. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/63a4cf18-11ee-41f0-b469-ab606fd0d802) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OGC7AqTBoQg
- **2020-01-26**, Traditional wrestling sits at the heart of society in Niger. CGTN on traditional wrestling in Niger, where it holds a central social position. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/fbedff3e-9e07-4e1b-84e2-3a2119ca7298) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MV11MtBjwDo
- **2020-02-12**, Bodybuilding Legends Podcast #132 - Frank Zane. A long podcast interview with Frank Zane, three times Mr. Olympia from 1977 to 1979. Zane is the counter argument inside the sport's own history: he won on proportion and condition rather than mass. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/e858d48b-a9e5-45eb-ad8d-1c783fd669ba) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zEhFppuzVFk
- **2020-04-08**, The Rogue Legends Series - Chapter 5: Saxon / 8K. Documentary on Arthur Saxon and the Saxon Trio, German music hall strongmen. Saxon's bent press remains the most cited lift of the pre-1914 strongman circuit. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/a68087ed-63a1-429c-a404-2c743279823e) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D93S8G8jlvc
- **2020-04-16**, The History of Santa Monica's Muscle Beach. The Santa Monica History Museum on the history of Muscle Beach. The original site was in Santa Monica; the Venice site took the name Muscle Beach Venice in 1987. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/ab42bbf9-aa35-40d5-b7a5-49d9ed42446b) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JwwV3FP_glI
- **2020-05-03**, DAVE DRAPER: MEMOIRS OF A GOLDEN ERA BODYBUILDING CHAMPION!! A GLIMPSE INTO THE REAR VIEW, NEW BOOK!. Dave Draper's memoirs of the golden era read aloud. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/800792bc-0e77-426c-8c59-2310a5d0b6d6) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jDPJ3VzS_nE
- **2020-06-05**, THE RACIST HISTORY OF BODYBUILDING AND THE AAU MR AMERICA!. On racial exclusion in the AAU Mr America contest from its first running in 1940. The judging criteria of the early American physique contests carried explicit and implicit racial preferences, which is part of the origins story and is usually omitted. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/7b813667-29a7-4db7-8ca4-85ebd2ecee58) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Kw-uJ71GqcE
- **2020-06-05**, تاريخ اللعيبة المصرية في كمال الأجسام- The history of the Egyptian players in bodybuilding. An Arabic history of Egyptian competitors in bodybuilding across generations. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/e0990614-068c-4eae-8f91-e9aeff1d5e6e) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FATgsFv4W0Q
- **2020**, Conditioned physique. Extreme weight fluctuation between off-season and contest is named in the literature as a contributor to mortality in the sport. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/3f79b8e6-3d91-49e8-be4c-80e31ee3248a) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Amer-backshot.jpg
- **2020**, Supplement retail. The athlete is economically dependent on the supplement industry, which is the same relationship Weider built in the 1940s, merely disintermediated by social media. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/1eebbba4-8c34-4924-a29d-1087ea20ba5f) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Health_Supplements_-_Nutraceuticals_-_50191152323.jpg
- **2020**, Iron barbell. Cast iron is effectively permanent. Equipment made a century ago remains in use, which is part of why the sport's material culture changes so slowly. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/315c653f-c3cc-47de-90f1-2621fba96f45) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ten-pound_iron_barbell.jpg
- **2020**, عمالقة كمال الأجسام فى بطولة الجمهورية فى مصر. Egyptian television at the national championships, the Botoulat El Gomhoureya. Egypt has an unusually deep amateur base relative to its representation in Western coverage. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/49ba1c58-cacd-4f19-a90f-74619607df76) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jIT0LIqCcc8
- **2020**, مصر .. بطولة الجمهورية كمال اجسام. Egyptian coverage of the national bodybuilding championships in 2020. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/62e3f90e-5da9-49ec-8931-a790e0a925e8) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NgXrgpbtSjU
- **2020**, Dexter Jackson Posing for the Last Time at the Arnold Classic. Dexter Jackson posing at the Arnold Classic for the last time, in 2020. Jackson won the Arnold Classic five times. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/b0a3a7fd-7fd7-4493-adb0-0f618f2bbe69) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cistl-yfCCg
- **2020**, ( A ) شاهد العرض الكامل لأبطال أولمبيا مصر \| ٢٠٢٠ \| فئة الفيزيك. The full physique class at the 2020 Amateur Olympia Egypt, filmed by KO Squad. Amateur Olympia editions outside the United States are how athletes from the region earn professional status. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/f3c222e3-bba7-496b-be80-6b0a08d943c6) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sFJPvycnews
- **2020**, Чемпионат России по бодибилдингу - 2020 (бодибилдинг абсолютка). The overall bodybuilding class at the 2020 Russian Bodybuilding Championship. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/50cf38df-6461-4be5-b29e-78d939f47fb6) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r20qe3tjNR8
- **2020**, Chitharesh Natesan. An Indian bodybuilder from Kerala. The Indian competitive scene is largely amateur and organised through national and state federations rather than a professional league. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/e917cdc7-52f4-47ca-97a6-a4984f88e8ad) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Chitharesh_Natesan_-_Bodybuilder.jpg
- **2020**, Gym interior, South Korea. South Korea's commercial gym density is among the highest in Asia, and the domestic contest calendar is correspondingly large. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/c5816c01-c6db-4985-be6a-c4602cf3a82b) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:2020-08-16_things_places_in_south_korea_IMG_0084.jpg
- **2020**, Training in Nigeria. Photographed for Wiki Loves Africa in Nigeria. Nigeria's most prominent export to the sport is Samson Dauda, who trains in the United Kingdom. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/f281bc88-b2ff-4288-887a-977bf14512f4) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:OT_Working_Out.jpg
- **2020**, Andrea Shaw 🇺🇸 1st @ 2020 Ms. Olympia (WBB). Andrea Shaw winning the 2020 Ms. Olympia, the contest's return after five years. The return coincided with a change of ownership of the Olympia rather than a change of position at the IFBB. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/1e9fac56-bc7a-429d-9d90-f713259b0b28) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bvlNDaVNII4
- **2020**, Helle Trevino 🇩🇰 3rd @ 2020 Ms. Olympia (WBB). Denmark's Helle Trevino placing third at the 2020 Ms. Olympia, the first edition after the contest returned. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/d3571a94-648b-4105-985e-bd325ab47f0b) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tJS2wAGk8iY
- **2020**, 2020 Ms. Olympia - IFBB Women's Fitness - Pre/Finals/Awards. Prejudging, finals and awards for IFBB Women's Fitness at the 2020 Olympia in Orlando. Fitness pairs a physique round with a choreographed routine and dates from the mid 1990s. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/f83ba9cb-137d-497d-9f9f-35c3fe3bfc00) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6CgWBWdTDk8
- **2020**, Olesya Gureeva. Photographed by the Uzbekistan Bodybuilding Federation. Central Asian women's competition is documented almost solely through federation channels. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/df3c011f-217b-4249-992f-0626cf5f8908) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Olesya_Gureeva.jpg
- **2020-06-18**, Science of Muscle Hypertrophy. A physiology lecture on the science of muscle hypertrophy. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/eba37073-305d-41e1-9b8b-3407c999dbd6) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Uz4ZrvFY6b4
- **2020-06-25**, The Story of the Music Hall (BBC Documentary)- Michael Grade, 2011. A BBC documentary presented by Michael Grade on the British music hall. This is the industry Sandow, Saxon and the Saxon Trio actually worked in: variety theatre, where the strongman was a paid turn on a bill. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/6c099f67-1baf-4083-8078-edd24bf81bcc) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FSI0R2M-GeU
- **2020-07-09**, FRANK ZANE'S FOUNDATION TO SYMMETRY! FRANK ZANE INTERVIEW ON HOW HE BUILT HIS AESTHETIC PHYSIQUE!. Frank Zane on how he built the proportions he became known for. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/9e0cba99-a114-40ca-838a-31b2bc115105) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=o0seeBgBlrQ
- **2020-09-15**, Bigorexia - Official Trailer (HD) \| Bodybuilding Documentary. The trailer for Bigorexia, a documentary on muscle dysmorphia in the bodybuilding world. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/75f04ab9-d1b2-47d7-9fdf-d2dc9c4a2bda) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bJ9s2ck8EN0
- **2020-10-23**, A History Of Ancient Nubian Wrestling. A history of Nubian wrestling, which appears in ancient Egyptian tomb painting at Beni Hasan and is among the oldest depicted athletic practices anywhere. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/7987d476-4a62-468c-981f-8973d9bbdfb2) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DiMofeVeelo
- **2020-11-09**, How do steroids affect your muscles - and the rest of your body? - Anees Bahji. A TED-Ed explainer on what anabolic steroids do to muscle and to the rest of the body, written by psychiatrist Anees Bahji. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/cdf25631-738d-490c-b908-375d88cac86d) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=itEXhxjOPjk
- **2020-11-14**, Per Bernal:Why the 90s was my favorite era of bodybuilding \| MD Global Muscle Clips E16 S3. Photographer Per Bernal on why the 1990s was his favourite era to shoot. The sport's visual record is largely the work of a small number of magazine photographers. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/592e362c-78fa-4367-a75c-3237b3034bbf) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fSpC-ha50mA
- **2020-11-17**, The global prevalence of anabolic androgenic steroid use. A research presentation on the global prevalence of anabolic androgenic steroid use. Estimates put use in the United States at one to three million people, roughly one percent of the population, which is the general population and not bodybuilders. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/cac43316-ecbb-48e1-9f71-58d9832c466d) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UXA8Sy5iHdY
- **2020-12-05**, Frank Zane Why I Retired in 1983 MD Global Muscle E18 S3. Frank Zane explaining why he retired in 1983. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/ccc483f1-70c9-4579-8db8-f20d7861af19) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0KVTI_qsbB8
- **2020-12-07**, 2020 Rising Phoenix Women's Bodybuilding Winner - Andrea Shaw. Andrea Shaw winning the 2020 Rising Phoenix, the Wings of Strength contest that stood in for the Ms. Olympia from 2015 to 2019 and continued after its return. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/2d1cc032-563b-472a-ba7d-ed5d7fff6104) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p6nCQdbTwIs
- **2020-12-20**, بيغ رامي .. أول مصري يفوز بأهم بطولة كمال أجسام \| #منصات. Sky News Arabia reporting Big Ramy's 2020 Mr. Olympia win as the first by an Egyptian. Shawn Rhoden, who competed for Jamaica, had won in 2018, so this was not the first win by a competitor born outside the United States since Dorian Yates. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/d95343d0-9040-4305-828e-06701dd24795) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ztZl5h4IvYM
- **2020-12-24**, BIG RAMY GETS HERO'S WELCOME IN EGYPT!. Coverage of the crowd that met Big Ramy at the airport in Egypt after his 2020 Mr. Olympia win. The scale of the reception is the point: bodybuilding carries a national significance in Egypt that it does not in the United States. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/d0260e66-16a5-4f0d-9058-2c331a26cb7e) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0wWa5uA9HrE
### 2021
- **2021-01-09**, Scientific Principles of Hypertrophy Training: New Book and Video Series. The announcement of Scientific Principles of Hypertrophy Training, an attempt to systematise the sport's training knowledge as a textbook rather than as magazine lore. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/19cf6f82-a73e-48df-a07f-98b15d5a970a) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uWF6dvohJE0
- **2021-01-28**, Big Ramy: The Reality Of Bodybuilding In The Middle East \| GI Vault. Big Ramy on how bodybuilding is regarded in the Middle East and why the region became a centre of the sport. The Gulf funding model, in which private and state wealth supports athletes from poorer countries in the region, is an under-reported structural feature. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/559ff736-cae4-4210-9f2c-52a9a3da6c44) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7pFTAFVrXJA
- **2021-02-09**, Lou Ferrigno Separates Fact From Fiction: Behind The Scene Stories Of 'Pumping Iron' \| GI Vault. Lou Ferrigno separating what happened from what was staged in Pumping Iron, in his own words. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/165c3943-0789-4d05-a55a-948ebc083934) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RyA6dDmw9Do
- **2021-02-18**, بتوقيت مصر : مسيرة بيغ رامي بطل العالم في كمال الأجسام من قرية مصرية إلى كبرى البطولات الدولية. BBC Arabic on Big Ramy's path from a village in Kafr El Sheikh to the Mr. Olympia title. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/53937461-8742-442a-8c8a-5a13d2d8b564) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1DtukAHYziY
- **2021-03-01**, FRANK ZANE: ARNOLD, CALIFORNIA AND THE MR UNIVERSES. THE FRANK ZANE INTERVIEWS!!. Frank Zane on Schwarzenegger, California and the Mr Universe contests. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/8781e97c-754a-47da-9380-a9333af11b2b) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iHLwXBH7ofU
- **2021-03-01**, Sandow (1896) American Mutoscope. Sandow filmed in 1896 for the American Mutoscope Company, again by William K. L. Dickson, who had left Edison to help found the rival firm. Two competing early film companies both shot Sandow, which measures how commercially useful his image was. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/b145c84b-1c82-4222-8118-4ad832d7c898) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mPO0qR8cTbg
- **2021-03-28**, Cory Everson Interview - American Muscle Magazine. Cory Everson interviewed for American Muscle Magazine, looking back at her competitive career. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/a0dde665-3b51-4966-b165-3a5bef915613) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2tJka3Bl9Kk
- **2021-04-13**, Гагарин Советского Бодибилдинга/ Первый Профессионал СССР.. On the first Soviet professional bodybuilder, from the WFF and WBBF federation channel. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/1dd91dcf-c78c-4d82-b4b8-260d30ae195d) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=phe_o-0Nr8w
- **2021-04-20**, The Official Vince Gironda (Iron Guru) Mini-Documentary. A short documentary on Vince Gironda, the Iron Guru, who ran a gym in North Hollywood and trained competitors and film actors from the 1940s onward. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/33efdf75-ef8c-409a-8647-ab11521e84c6) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=h20FjezzlwA
- **2021-04-24**, संतों और साधुओं की अखाड़ा परम्परा Akhada tradition of saints and sages in India. On the akhara tradition of Hindu ascetic orders. The word akhara names both a wrestling gymnasium and a monastic order of sadhus, and the two senses share a history. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/be1cf456-c38f-4291-a449-2608c3b1beb6) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GMVVLuz_O1E
- **2021-04-27**, Swaminathan Akhada Documentary Varanasi \| Gada \| Jori \| Sumtola \| Gar Nal \| Yoga \| Kushti. A long documentary at the Swaminath akhara in Varanasi, showing the gada mace, the jori clubs, the sumtola beam and the gar nal stone ring in use. These implements are the visual signature of the tradition and predate the barbell. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/ead631a3-6b6a-4281-9413-968a08fb8772) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=owB6yFgKDc4
- **2021**, Protein powder. The supplement industry's economics depend on people believing the useful protein number is far higher than the evidence supports. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/85fac29a-d722-405d-af39-af76a0c1e828) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Pro360_Protein_powder.jpg
- **2021**, Bybon's stone. A block from Olympia inscribed with the claim that Bybon threw it over his head with one hand. Inscribed lifting stones are the oldest surviving records of strength feats, and the Japanese chikaraishi tradition records feats on the stones themselves in the same way. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/f76db4aa-474d-4983-b85b-5c3fdfdccf8a) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Bybon%27s_stone_inscription_(cropped).jpg
- **2021**, Barbell collars. Collars and loadable plates made incremental progression practical, which is what separates modern resistance training from the fixed-weight dumbbell era. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/b9cb4f6d-097b-4fe0-b55f-1f4fefd337b2) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Barbell-collars-olympic-range.jpg
- **2021**, Lat pulldown machine. Selectorised machines descend from Harold Zinkin's Universal gym and Arthur Jones's Nautilus line, both of which came out of the bodybuilding world. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/1555f72c-9bc7-497b-add3-e4b11e0ce38d) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Diverging_Lat_Pulldown_Machine.jpg
- **2021**, Machine circuit. Machine-based circuits were the form in which resistance training was sold to the general public, deliberately distanced from bodybuilding's image. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/f08ed678-f58c-48a9-9468-a4c8699f813d) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Fitnessger%C3%A4te_von_Kieser.jpg
- **2021**, Chris Bumstead. Bumstead competed in Classic Physique, a division introduced to reward proportion over mass, and built a following through video platforms rather than the Weider magazines. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/fa394e28-3ead-4152-8b5d-78164c9f5425) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Chris_Bumstead_on_Gymshark.jpg
- **2021**, Big Ramy Guest Posing in Egypt! (Full Video). Big Ramy guest posing at the KO Squad Egypt Pro in 2021, filmed by an attendee. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/3887e2c6-1a54-44fb-9e2e-9e7db61a7233) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GmKTSMFnab4
- **2021**, 2021 IFBB Mr. Olympia Champion Big Ramy Interview. Big Ramy interviewed by NPC News Online after winning the 2021 Mr. Olympia, his second consecutive title. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/47f76310-135e-4d35-adea-673a289acdcf) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=du6r4elIiHI
- **2021**, MR FLEX NIGERIA: SEASON 7&8 COMBINED HIGHLIGHTS. Combined highlights of seasons seven and eight of Mr Flex Nigeria, from Nigeria Maritime TV. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/57a97352-3844-4383-a77f-cfd7d8f20c40) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VUaXXM4WClg
- **2021**, Ramon Dino. Ramon Rocha Queiroz, from Acre in the Brazilian Amazon, became the country's most prominent Classic Physique competitor. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/6598d9cb-6311-4d20-a943-9970bf3fbebf) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:RAMON-DINO-YOP.jpg
- **2021**, Gym equipment, Uganda. Photographed for Wiki Loves Africa. Equipment access, not interest, is the limiting factor across much of the continent. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/28dc365c-8c57-462e-a610-a15086a559dc) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Local_Gym_equipment.jpg
- **2021**, Dumbbells in a local gym, Uganda. A Ugandan commercial gym. Wiki Loves Africa's 2021 health and fitness round produced one of the few substantial free-licensed photographic records of African gym culture. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/0cc8736c-3775-487c-b213-932ecbe1e69e) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Dumbbells_in_a_local_Gym.jpg
- **2021**, Weight training, Cameroon. Photographed for Wiki Loves Africa in Cameroon. The 2021 round of that photographic campaign produced one of the few substantial free-licensed records of African gym culture that exists. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/0737639a-c41d-4c00-902f-24f9794d31c1) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:S%C3%A9ance_de_musculation.jpg
- **2021**, Training in Tanzania. Photographed for Wiki Loves Africa in Tanzania. Equipment access rather than interest is the limiting factor across much of the continent, and improvised kit is common. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/27ecb6f2-5b13-4a44-a2c0-7227f545cb9e) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:The_fitness_workout_principle,_%22No_Pain_No_Gain%22.jpg
- **2021**, Weight training, Madagascar. Photographed for Wiki Loves Africa in Madagascar. The Arnold Classic has run an African edition in South Africa since 2016, but the continent has almost no professional pathway of its own. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/b561f799-5f15-4e10-8f5f-8e1a4bb08843) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Musculation.jpg
- **2021**, Outdoor bars, Ghana. Outdoor calisthenics apparatus in Ghana, the equipment base for a large part of African strength training. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/ea392574-1e61-4830-99d0-a64c34c6b62b) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Single_Parallel_Bar.jpg
- **2021**, Ms Israel. Photographed for the Israeli natural bodybuilding federation. Natural federations impose the drug testing that the sport's largest professional league does not. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/a3933504-68de-46c8-aa05-39596742151f) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:%D7%97%D7%95%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%AA_%D7%A9%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%9F,_%D7%9E%D7%A8%D7%AA_%D7%99%D7%A9%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%9C,_2021.jpg
- **2021**, Whitney Jones with three Fitness Olympia medals. Whitney Jones took three consecutive Fitness Olympia titles. Fitness, from the mid 1990s, pairs a physique assessment with a choreographed gymnastic routine. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/3f62ebe2-4daf-4e4c-8549-901ed10b1cf0) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Three-time_Ms._Olympia_champion_Whitney_Jones_with_her_three_medals.jpg
- **2021-06-20**, Figure to Bodybuilding: The Evolution of Ms. Olympia Andrea Shaw. Andrea Shaw on moving from Figure to bodybuilding, made by Muscle and Fitness. Weider titles are simultaneously the best documented and the least neutral source in this field, so treat the framing as promotional in origin. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/d0b68964-9a8f-4372-ac92-fc90389d635a) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nn656BPrFOI
- **2021-07-02**, ボディビル歴代日本チャンピオン【ミスター日本】. A list of the historical Mr Japan bodybuilding champions. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/01965aa1-708b-4172-a61c-7532678b9d5f) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZTrP8sbgLag
- **2021-07-15**, Vince Gironda's 10-8-6-15: The ORIGINAL High Intensity Training Routine!. On Gironda's rep scheme and its claim to predate the high intensity systems that later took the name. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/090a0387-c4be-4559-9952-76544c829750) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Av24zPvN2Xs
- **2021-07-22**, GOLD'S GYM VENICE DOCUMENTARY! Marc Martinez Interview \| History of Bodybuilding. A long documentary interview on the history of Gold's Gym Venice. Joe Gold opened the gym in Venice in 1965, sold it in 1970 and later founded World Gym. The Venice gym became known as the Mecca largely because Pumping Iron filmed there. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/3f2ce2a7-74c7-4bfb-b6a2-8057414b6017) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9z0dfkaHnFs
- **2021-07-22**, Bodybuilding was not ready for the strongest woman in the world, Bev Francis \| ABC Australia. ABC Australia on Bev Francis, made forty years after she entered the sport. Francis came from powerlifting, where she held world records, and her physique became the argument the sport had about its own limits. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/582b182f-7804-4639-addc-993e7b17932f) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qVzulhVB9DY
- **2021-07-31**, The Rules of Turkish Oil Wrestling - EXPLAINED! [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/ab3f9ebc-4561-476d-8b3d-9770c9ddc45a) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H9oe5JhKf2Q
- **2021-08-02**, The Science of What Muscle Growth Actually Is. On what muscle growth physically consists of at the cellular level. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/c1a9fa4f-0d1a-4f94-a0f8-21469c587a7f) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-Gw6Y-aw4hs
- **2021-08-08**, THE APOLLO CREED WORKOUT & DIET! HOW VINCE GIRONDA TRAINED CARL WEATHERS #BODYBUILDING #VINCEGIRONDA. On Gironda's work with Carl Weathers for the Apollo Creed role. Gironda's gym was where Hollywood went, which is one of the sport's real routes into mainstream culture. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/8779538f-8efb-46f6-a693-fff9febfceb8) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SFpRKz8CDC8
- **2021-08-28**, Muscle Beach Documentary circa 2003 Part One. The first part of a documentary on Muscle Beach made around 2003, with participants from the original era. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/e9235476-1dd4-4d10-91c0-2fb4ec9f1d51) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MZC5S3SuGyk
- **2021-08-31**, FRANK ZANE: THE OLYMPIAS! INTERVIEW WITH FRANK ZANE. Frank Zane on his three Olympia years. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/5d849473-bab2-4eee-adda-7fb57657fb7f) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WNga5zIlHwg
- **2021-09-03**, Muscle Beach Documentary circa 2003 Part Two. The second part of the same 2003 Muscle Beach documentary. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/c542c990-e776-4e87-90b4-460393a5cbf5) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bA9Zh1SJWvE
- **2021-09-15**, Tony Atlas Gives History of Gold's Gym Venice and Arnold Schwarzenegger's Loyalty to Joe Gold. Wrestler Tony Atlas on the history of Gold's Gym Venice. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/4bf65e21-6eba-4f2e-b044-19f62a6150e4) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6ktpQQdEMDI
- **2021-09-17**, 20 Years of Busted Legal Muscle Part 1 with Rick Collins. Twenty years of the Legal Muscle column with lawyer Rick Collins, on how the sport's press covered the legal side of drugs. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/b640bd61-1ed7-4277-a4a9-331c779d7ae2) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=O_56a15iWSM
- **2021-10-04**, SWR 14.9.1901: Eugen Sandow veranstaltet einen Bodybuilder-Wettbewerb. German public radio's calendar entry for 14 September 1901, on Sandow staging his physique competition and on the Greek classical ideal he was selling. The German framing matters because Sandow was Prussian, born in Konigsberg, and left in 1885. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/ea53b094-9b68-415f-b9e7-b518db55e4fa) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VHZ-UMkC-a4
- **2021-10-26**, Louis Cyr \| Récits historiques des Amériques. A French-language account of Louis Cyr, 1863 to 1912, produced by the Centre de la francophonie des Ameriques as part of a series on figures of francophone North America. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/43389b22-1021-4290-b653-f331a4c99439) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DO9XX4W4-HI
- **2021-10-31**, Pumping Iron: How Documentaries Lie. An argument about how Pumping Iron uses documentary form to construct a story. Butler called the sequel a semi documentary, and Matty Ferrigno was brought into the first film for dramatic purposes. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/a82af5e8-8c3c-42a2-b7f5-00497e14deb8) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eTarCT8EC1c
- **2021-11-13**, إنجاز مصري جديد.. "زكريا" بطل العالم في كمال الأجسام.. الكابتن محمد زكريا يروي قصة كفاحه. Egyptian state television with Mohamed Zakaria, a world champion, telling his own story. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/ad364b88-e3d1-40c9-8146-c075e14dc564) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=o_x8AnmC_8U
- **2021-11-25**, The LEGACY of VINCE GIRONDA! \| History of Bodybuilding w/Karl Coyne. On Vince Gironda's legacy, part of a history of bodybuilding series. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/dde6da95-6ff0-4ad8-a040-53a90ab3c29e) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ycWtzVuwdrE
- **2021-12-28**, A Wrestler’s Dream in Senegal \| Africa Direct Documentary. Al Jazeera's Africa Direct on a wrestler's ambitions in Senegal, including the money in the sport. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/b956dc53-c3d3-498a-a94c-17d7b1eb857a) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QrSoI0gMGwU
### 2022
- **2022-01-05**, Zurkhane (House of Strength): General Introduction Part 1. An introduction to the zurkhaneh and its structure. The practice is explicitly ethical and Sufi inflected as well as physical, which distinguishes it from Western physique culture. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/f08f2831-058f-4c2b-981e-05034478e1e9) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=k_vBnkNCYuo
- **2022-01-17**, Zurkhane (House of Strength): The whole training session Part 8. A complete zurkhaneh training session filmed end to end, part of a documentary series on the practice. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/2738a573-d8a0-4b5e-be50-ce309dc356db) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v5K0CcGIbKk
- **2022-01-22**, HOW CHEMISTRY CAME TO DOMINATE U.S. SPORTS. On how pharmacology came to dominate American sport. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/6812660e-a182-4f6b-b47c-cf1a979c2045) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=G_UgLbklvUI
- **2022-02-03**, Bodybuilding - Subculture Analysis. A short subculture analysis of bodybuilding as a social formation. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/9d787635-d826-45f3-b257-6e80fb473e20) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GzI0vb_bQjU
- **2022-02-21**, HOW VINCE GIRONDA INVENTED HIS EXERCISES TO HIT SPECIFIC BODYPARTS & ORIGIN OF THE PREACHER BENCH. On how Gironda devised exercises aimed at specific muscles, and where his ideas came from. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/7f3fe138-0eb9-4017-afb2-a39a600fe555) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UOir4tMU5lo
- **2022-04-09**, 4x Ms Olympia Kim Chizevsky. Four time Ms. Olympia Kim Chizevsky in conversation with Lenda Murray, made by Wings of Strength, the organisation that kept the sport running when the Ms. Olympia was cancelled. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/cdb752ff-0545-4ad9-a489-21bbf7b8f8cf) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nMJOFxfaEXU
- **2022-04-10**, INDIAN BODYBUILDERS OF THE 1920-30s WERE CRAZY JACKED AND SHREDDED!. On Indian physique athletes of the 1920s and 1930s and their training methods. The akhara tradition, with the gada mace, mugdar clubs and nal stone cylinder, was a continuous practice with its own institutions rather than a borrowing from Western physical culture. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/f8c1e64d-82a1-406f-8141-eefd5a16164e) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WCuKqG8Q5-8
- **2022-05-01**, How Steroids Became More Popular Than Heroin \| News on Drugs. VICE News reporting on the scale of anabolic steroid use in the United States relative to other controlled drugs. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/eb7c9ec7-e311-412c-8ac0-2f6094e5f42a) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lE5qOxj_SSg
- **2022-05-12**, Muscle Dysmorphia in Men: The Han Swolo Effect. MedPage Today on muscle dysmorphia in men, addressed to a clinical audience. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/c2e35e6b-b6f6-4733-a0e3-566cba98a8e1) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RjDCC08RMc4
- **2022-05-15**, Stories of muscle dysmorphia (bigorexia) \| Health Science Explained #191. First person accounts of living with muscle dysmorphia. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/8843bf5d-3bb6-4c79-934c-8dbb373f7e6a) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pMPOpJUfCuE
- **2022-06-08**, Meet the Great Gama Pehlwan. Brut India's short introduction to the Great Gama. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/af4a0334-db00-4a75-bd6b-8dfc5169dd9c) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OR1rEZ7FbSU
- **2022**, Deceptive Weight of Maces and Clubs \| Steel Mace \| Clubbell \| Mudgar \| Gada. On the mechanics of maces and clubs and why their weight behaves differently from a dumbbell of the same mass. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/6a01421f-b8e0-42e0-9f74-251486fc0122) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rSuuqJ3xpKY
- **2022**, Zorkhana at the Victory Sports Festival, Baku. Azerbaijan's zorkhana was inscribed on the UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage list in 2022, the year of this display. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/50abab4a-19d8-4911-b383-a882da49d599) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Zorkhana_during_Victory_Sports_Festival_2022_in_Baku.jpg
- **2022**, Mil swinging, Baku. The mil clubs are swung in fixed patterns behind the shoulders, the movement that most visibly distinguishes zurkhaneh work from Western weight training. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/86673452-5caf-430d-b3d2-30ba8161c723) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Zorkhana_during_Victory_Sports_Festival_2022_in_Baku_(2).jpg
- **2022**, The kushti house. An akhara building. The institution is a school, a gymnasium and often a residence for its wrestlers at once. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/1267586b-352f-4588-a368-0abd1065aa3c) Source: https://www.flickr.com/photos/30557460@N05/53610685502
- **2022**, Kushti court. The earthen pit is the akhara's defining surface. Bouts fought on it are the tradition's competitive form. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/ac87ba8b-c51a-433e-b43b-604b6f022388) Source: https://www.flickr.com/photos/30557460@N05/53611896604
- **2022**, Mr Universo. NABBA has run the Universe championships since the first edition in London on 13 August 1948. Professional classes were only introduced in 1952. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/72b88211-4597-43cb-8884-bd3ac630542d) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Fotao_mr_universo2.jpg
- **2022**, Indian wrestlers. The most documented pehlwan in Western sources is the Great Gama, who defeated Stanislaus Zbyszko in the 1910 London world championship sequence and is recorded in contemporaneous British press. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/a727de8d-433e-45f6-92a9-97180196c78a) Source: https://www.flickr.com/photos/30557460@N05/53611770568
- **2022**, Mud massage at the akhara. Massage and earth work are part of the akhara routine, not incidental to it. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/fd86d135-49b2-45f6-bfe7-e32d8eb6fc58) Source: https://www.flickr.com/photos/30557460@N05/53611896159
- **2022**, Traditional weights. The nal is a hollow stone cylinder with handles, lifted and pressed. It predates any Western apparatus of comparable function. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/90e02d9e-794b-4149-9441-5b654efa52d4) Source: https://www.flickr.com/photos/30557460@N05/53610685937
- **2022**, Persian-style weights in an Indian akhara. Implements move between the two traditions. The name pehlwani is itself Persian, from pahlavan. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/071a9fa9-cd47-4910-9551-c8b926f6ab43) Source: https://www.flickr.com/photos/30557460@N05/53611896409
- **2022**, Traditional kushti exercises. Dand and baithak, the pressing and squatting movements, are done in very high volume and form the conditioning base of the tradition. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/d55fc349-8d52-4d0b-90a2-2822e6980fdc) Source: https://www.flickr.com/photos/30557460@N05/53611770293
- **2022**, バックステージ③ 第25回 日本クラス別選手権大会. Backstage at the 25th Japan Class-Specific Championships, 2022. Backstage footage of the pump room is rare on any national federation channel. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/5ab636ca-112e-45b7-8825-9bcd1d72b649) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=E8L2na_ZbXc
- **2022**, Biggest bodybuilding competition in Africa \|Nigeria Men's Physique Open body flex show #competition. A Nigerian open bodybuilding and men's physique competition, filmed in full by an attendee. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/fc029535-027f-4973-8feb-0a5cb6d6ef8b) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4WTfi537wek
- **2022**, Mr India men's physique champion. Men's Physique, introduced by the IFBB in 2011, is judged in board shorts and on a less extreme conditioning standard than open bodybuilding. It became the largest division by entries in many countries. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/3c002886-46da-41bc-bec5-ca95f31b6482) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Mr._India_men_physique_championship_2022_FBBA_(winner).jpg
- **2022**, Julie van Nieuwenhuyse. A Belgian competitor. European women's competition runs through national federations affiliated to the international amateur structure. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/1b25c38d-4fc5-4dd7-beaa-88526221cdaa) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Julie_van_nieuwenhuyse.jpg
- **2022-06-26**, Ancient Indian Wrestling Gym Akhada \| Kushti Documentary. A documentary inside an akhara, filmed by The Flowing Dutchman, who documented several Indian training halls in detail. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/8094376a-24a3-4f57-a2de-4cca78363745) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ECs2sEiM5M0
- **2022-07-10**, USA, Indian wrestlers practice at Guru Shyamlal Akhada, New Delhi, USA wrestling world tour. American and Indian wrestlers training together at the Guru Shyamlal akhara in New Delhi. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/96cc7936-33a9-4e34-aaa9-a09e84d281d0) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-s8vX1qfauw
- **2022-07-15**, Why Pakistan's Bodybuilders Are Dying. VICE News on deaths among Pakistani bodybuilders, opening with Shehzad Khan Afridi, Mr Pakistan 2011, who died of a heart attack days after winning a gold medal. The film reports what was said publicly about each case rather than establishing causes. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/ccead982-2194-4dcd-ba36-40075c27ff04) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=G-v0vzeZCoc
- **2022-07-22**, Why Mud Wrestlers Give Up Everything For An Ancient Sport \| Still Standing \| Business Insider. Business Insider on why mud wrestlers give up everything for kushti. The pehlwan lives in the akhara under the guru's authority, which is a total institution rather than a training schedule. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/181d6090-75e9-4557-9bdc-b3d2548d9ba2) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1o107jihfsg
- **2022-07-29**, Charles Atlas - Biography - Full Movie. A feature-length biography of Charles Atlas, born Angelo Siciliano on 30 October 1892 in Acri, Calabria, who died on 24 December 1972 at Long Beach, New York, of a heart attack at 80. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/112b3192-2b80-4bed-9cc3-50c5f4a61e4f) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LxCHcjDySiY
- **2022-08-10**, أبطال مصر في كمال الأجسام عبر العصور. Egypt's bodybuilding champions across the eras, in Arabic. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/77953197-7427-4117-a53e-3f40d99a4fc4) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PdoQ8_8R_cU
- **2022-08-28**, BRAD SCHOENFELD: Mechanisms of Hypertrophy, RIR, Loaded Stretch. Brad Schoenfeld on mechanisms of hypertrophy, reps in reserve and loaded stretch. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/841ed4d6-edd4-42a6-94ee-1ec099c6231d) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SiVVJFMi3Kw
- **2022-08-30**, Lenda Murray Ms Olympia (Full Version). A long compilation of Lenda Murray's competitive career across her eight Ms. Olympia titles. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/2c16795f-0de6-45d3-9423-31bdfa8a3f13) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q239kTb_h08
- **2022-08-31**, How to reduce the harm of anabolic steroid use \| Julio Amaral \| TEDxUCLStudio. A TEDx talk on reducing the harm of anabolic steroid use, framed as a public health rather than an enforcement question. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/fbea050c-976e-4bb9-a2a9-aeafdfd86739) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q2FlRU-q2Xw
- **2022-09-04**, Finding a way out of Bigorexia and Muscle Dysmorphia \| Dr Scott Griffiths. Researcher Scott Griffiths on treatment and recovery from muscle dysmorphia. Bodybuilding prescribes rigid food rules, weighing and compulsive exercise, which is exactly what makes those patterns hard to identify as pathology within the sport. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/ad69e2f7-c2a8-43ff-b3ce-de0723713381) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6PjDlKkKgXI
- **2022-09-16**, Oldest Living Female Bodybuilder Ernestine Shepherd. A long interview with Ernestine Shepherd, made by Wings of Strength. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/ccdba96b-8966-4dc1-b714-204cd2e41398) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=34yceiEY5gM
- **2022-09-19**, BILL PEARL INTERVIEW - LEGACY OF AN ICON! JOHN BALIK'S INTERVIEW WITH THE BODYBUILDING MASTER. A long interview with Bill Pearl conducted by John Balik. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/1c3cfdb8-616c-40fd-b659-be33fbaf5d37) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=45Ylxgdzjrc
- **2022-10-05**, How ancient wrestlers built their strength (Chikara Ishi) 力石. A short introduction to chikara ishi and how the stones were used. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/87e89e4b-a39b-4eea-831a-362332532626) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s-rDXWAgKP8
- **2022-10-25**, Exploited for decades, female bodybuilders speak out. The Washington Post reporting its investigation into sexual exploitation of female athletes in bodybuilding over two decades. These are the newspaper's findings as reported, and the archive presents them as such. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/fa5c9506-93c4-453a-9dae-ddf4a1b7508a) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GVZvjyNlisw
- **2022-10-29**, Manohar Aich - Pocket Hercules. On Manohar Aich, the Pocket Hercules, who won a NABBA Universe title in the professional short class in 1952. He stood four feet eleven inches and lived to 104. Aich is the bridge figure between the Indian physical culture world and a Western physique title. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/e2a281b8-1910-459f-a4dc-9ee986395584) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dqtHwstBLvw
- **2022-11-05**, Eugen Sandow - The Father of Bodybuilding. A biographical account of Sandow, who left Prussia in 1885, was reportedly avoiding conscription, and took his stage name from his mother's maiden name. His break came from defeating the billed strongmen Sampson and Cyclops in London in 1889, a promoted music hall challenge. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/36f8eb5f-96ba-4e6e-b4e4-4c9c615730fa) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Sm7esmcE36c
- **2022-11-09**, Margita - The Road to Ms Olympia (documentary ENG version). Margita: The Road to Ms Olympia, a Czech documentary following Margita Zamolova's preparation for the Women's Physique Olympia and her move into the bodybuilding division. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/4a7aaa5c-7636-425b-8489-874c24488592) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TNolX84IV8I
- **2022-11-25**, Un Ardennais champion du monde de bodybuilding naturel. France 3 on an Ardennes competitor who became a natural bodybuilding world champion. Natural federations test, unlike the IFBB Pro League, which still does not routinely test. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/9411a0d8-be09-4165-823c-06fcc776d318) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=td45AwunJk4
- **2022-11-27**, Lasinggero noon, champion bodybuilder ngayon \| Kapuso Mo, Jessica Soho. GMA's Kapuso Mo, Jessica Soho on a Filipino competitor who came to the sport out of alcoholism. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/fd48e611-0dcb-4d46-a8f3-c9b8ffa32b71) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PH5xk5ZMCCc
- **2022-12-09**, BIG RAMY Put Egypt on the Map in the World of Bodybuilding. Big Ramy on Egypt's emergence as a producer of professional bodybuilders. Made by Muscular Development, a magazine with commercial interests in the sport. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/329d9dff-247d-4a80-b761-245775d229e8) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tBZO0Wi9NVE
- **2022-12-11**, Bernarr Macfadden: The Vegetarian Weightlifter Who Started a Bodybuilding Religion. On Bernarr Macfadden, born Bernard McFadden in 1868, who founded Physical Culture magazine in 1899 and built a publishing empire on it. He was prosecuted on obscenity charges over posters for his physique exhibitions, so early physique display was entangled with censorship law from the start. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/60fc5be5-4a08-42e1-b665-aa7aa74389d9) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TQgPuMRRbII
- **2022-12-11**, The Most IMPORTANT Muscle Building Stimulus (87 Studies). A review of 87 studies on which stimulus actually drives muscle growth, mechanical tension against metabolic stress. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/e15ce3b3-0661-4254-99af-a016f2070380) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pNOb7jockSg
- **2022-12-13**, Final defendant from Mass. company sentenced in tainted steroid case. Local news reporting the sentencing of the final defendant in a Massachusetts tainted steroid case. Contamination in an unregulated supply is a documented consequence of prohibition rather than of the drug. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/4f5f0d48-5a5c-4ff4-bfd5-c7a0429cdcda) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oYonvp4S9JQ
### 2023
- **2023-01-10**, The Great Gama & The 1200kg Stone. On the stone Gama is said to have lifted at Baroda in 1902, usually given as around 1,200 kilograms. The stone exists and is displayed; the weight and the circumstances are traditional claims. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/45978af5-8e3a-439e-a3f2-ed6b67f28844) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x49vmAwecPI
- **2023-01-25**, History of the Incredible Hulk TV Show. A history of the Incredible Hulk television series and how it was made. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/eac1b20c-25ec-464b-be46-3b2111626cd2) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rHuSoN84dos
- **2023-01-26**, HADI CHOOPAN - EL CULTURISTA DE PERSIA (Documental Culturismo) - Dibrah. A Spanish language documentary on Hadi Choopan, Mr. Olympia 2022 and the first Iranian winner. Choopan grew up poor in Abnow in Fars province, worked in peddling and construction and began training in 2002. He could not obtain a United States visa, which kept him out of major events in 2018. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/f2f9baf0-92af-448a-b1a4-6960d3b05fa2) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ClRubVAoQwY
- **2023-02-09**, 【世界と日本のボディビル史①】100年の歴史の中でなぜここまで複雑な構造になってしまったのか. A Japanese account of a century of world and Japanese bodybuilding history, and of why the sport's organisational structure became so tangled. Japan's modern bodybuilding organisation is postwar, while the older Japanese strength tradition ran through chikaraishi, the strength stones lifted at Shinto shrines. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/596632fe-6406-40f1-883c-dc04fd850877) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JQi5UMzlz9c
- **2023-03-20**, ACCRA: NIGERIAN WINS 2023 IFBB WEST AFRICAN CHAMPIONSHIP. Coverage from Accra of a Nigerian winning the 2023 IFBB West African Championship. The West African championship rotates between Ghana, Nigeria and Cote d'Ivoire. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/21d8099b-7e80-4fd7-8f60-51d633c8844d) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IOVoNIxcq1I
- **2023-04-06**, What is muscle dysmorphia? The untold crisis of male body obsession \| ABCNL. ABC News on male body obsession and what clinicians are seeing. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/09cc377f-4159-4fd1-a77e-1d7c205c8c68) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=78OYFO6WOBg
- **2023-04-15**, Muscle dysmorphia awareness on the rise as men struggle with 'strong' body image \| Nightline. ABC News on rising awareness of muscle dysmorphia among men. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/81e3bfed-273a-495f-9dac-d3d83712c6b4) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qalF0uyT2xU
- **2023-04-17**, Gambone Law Podcast S2 E4-Is the proposed DEA regulation part of the government’s war on masculinity. A legal podcast on proposed DEA regulation of steroid-adjacent compounds, discussing how scheduling decisions are actually made. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/f452fc0a-62cd-4bb0-91ad-e75f2656a7a4) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AQ1snLomYNo
- **2023-04-23**, Bigger Stronger Faster - A 15 Year Retrospective - Part 2. A retrospective on Bigger, Stronger, Faster fifteen years after release, assessing what it got right and what it missed. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/5117d60e-200f-4371-9cb3-52d7a7e9ab16) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=O_aEkL8On7Y
- **2023-04-25**, The GymBro 2.0: A New Subculture. On the gym subculture that formed on social media in the 2020s, and how it differs from the magazine era it replaced. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/72eb3d8b-98e6-4a5a-86cd-281967ebc44b) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jPMbKWMwNvQ
- **2023-05-10**, Arnold \| Official Trailer \| Netflix. The trailer for Netflix's Arnold, the 2023 documentary series. It is authorised, which shapes what it covers. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/b1cef191-cd4b-4355-b126-dca22ce960d6) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x2AEI26LBpA
- **2023**, Derek Lunsford 2023 Olympia Champion Interview Finals Routine. Derek Lunsford's finals routine and champion interview at the 2023 Mr. Olympia. Lunsford won again in 2025. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/40c75a83-b7f7-4e48-863c-aaae265caacc) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Xn9DsoQ3ilQ
- **2023**, Competitor on stage. The posing routine to music is judged separately from the compulsory poses that decide most placings. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/2e3f7955-2216-445e-9a75-a989028100d2) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Warshim_Chesam.jpg
- **2023**, Sheru Classic pro qualifier. The Sheru Classic, an Indian-founded contest, is one of the professional qualifiers that opened routes outside the American circuit. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/a116e196-fb4b-4ea3-b380-e653d6e806c8) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Fuzail_Syed_in_SheruClassic_Pro_Qualifier_Stage.jpg
- **2023**, 力石総社 お祭りStone lifting in Japan chikaraishi. Stone lifting at a Japanese festival, filmed at a shrine where the chikaraishi are still used. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/b27047a3-ef91-4ed6-b4c7-57410b1f68f7) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RKsSsXkTydM
- **2023**, Kushti, India. Malla-yuddha, the indigenous South Asian wrestling that fed into pehlwani, is documented far earlier than the Mughal synthesis that produced the modern form. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/f5c7ea24-4af9-4fc2-88dc-d6e439741930) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:TraditionalIndianKusti205.jpg
- **2023**, Preparing the pit. Preparation of the earth is part of the training itself. The akhara is maintained by the wrestlers who use it. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/1484a856-f234-42be-a79d-9c7c32bc82e5) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:TraditionalIndianKusti207.jpg
- **2023**, Pehlwani [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/4b5e1988-3d11-4e41-95d5-a906040e9ad7) Source: https://www.flickr.com/photos/31571554@N04/53317067070
- **2023**, ファイナリスト比較審査 20分間ノーカット【2023日本ボディビル選手権大会】. Twenty minutes of uncut finalist comparison judging at the 2023 Japan Bodybuilding Championships. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/4fa4aa86-5f6f-4fea-967c-b5834a2914f9) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9WOdHgdS1c8
- **2023**, Bodybuilding Contest MR. VISAYAS CHAMPIONSHIP @ Toledo City Cebu Philippines. The Mr Visayas championship at Toledo City, Cebu. Regional Philippine contests feed the national circuit. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/a898621d-1693-44de-b639-52e849b8422e) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pKTAWhWEC3A
- **2023**, 2023 IFBB Pro League Ms. Olympia Champion Andrea Shaw Finals Routine 4K Video. Andrea Shaw's finals posing routine at the 2023 Ms. Olympia, filmed in 4K by NPC News Online. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/40c52b91-9a9e-45e2-ba6f-34ea3ce3ee25) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rdn-PnHVIKU
- **2023-06-20**, #51 - Maximizing muscle hypertrophy with Dr Brad Schoenfeld. Brad Schoenfeld on the Inside Exercise podcast, run out of an Australian university physiology department. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/06223209-97aa-40da-aeb4-c2e46469572d) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fOieQOp3o0A
- **2023-06-26**, How Strong Was Louis Cyr Really?. Examines which of the Quebec strongman Louis Cyr's reported lifts have contemporaneous documentation and which rest on promotional billing. Cyr competed 1885 to 1906 in an economy where world championship was an advertisement rather than a title. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/c57b4ec0-9148-4901-a8b2-1b928c8c217c) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4Ii1uY0FFO8
- **2023-08-01**, Lenda Murray: 8x Miss Olympia World Champion. Switching pom poms for dumbells. Eight time Ms. Olympia Lenda Murray on how she came to the sport after failing a Dallas Cowboys cheerleading tryout. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/2709d299-8ff9-4d90-af1e-e25f5ee686ce) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tOMrpZ6K9LA
- **2023-08-10**, Ancient Indian Fitness Group Kochi \| Mudgar \| Gada \| Indian Clubs \| Clubbell. A traditional Indian fitness group in Kochi working with mudgar clubs and the gada mace. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/042e3027-9b88-4e4a-918d-4432d727b22b) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=quEenFpjG6Q
- **2023-08-17**, Sandow (1894) Souvenir Strip of the Edison Kinetoscope (Edison). Souvenir Strip of the Edison Kinetoscope, the 1894 film of Sandow shot by William Kennedy Laurie Dickson and William Heise for the Edison Manufacturing Company. Kinetoscope films were sold to penny arcades as peep-hole viewing, so this is physique display as commercial novelty from the very beginning. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/dea30efc-d290-46e0-96f0-27b26ae785e9) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5gES318maIg
- **2023-08-28**, Understanding The Gym Culture In Germany. On gym culture in Germany and how it differs from the American model that exported it. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/5ecc37ef-ec8e-4178-b135-c417c3b25457) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z4YA5H5ts9c
- **2023-09-04**, The Great Gama Pehlwan: The Story Of The World's Greatest Wrestler \| Complete Biography. A Pakistani account of the Great Gama. Gama moved to Pakistan after Partition in 1947 and died in Lahore in 1960, which makes him a figure both countries claim. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/92229bef-8d99-4574-9f71-180d7a60a296) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DP6uRzVlirQ
- **2023-09-08**, Bodybuilding Legends Podcast #277 - Steve Weinberger, IFBB Head Judge. IFBB and NPC head judge Steve Weinberger interviewed on the Bodybuilding Legends Podcast, including his role in Pumping Iron II: The Women. A judge's own account of how the criteria were applied. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/9f5a7959-d903-4da5-b1b6-b6ebb5ad4e6d) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6elH3ADbSAY
- **2023-09-14**, Sept 14th, 1901 Eugene Sandow’s Bodybuilding “The Great Competition” \| Steve Reeves Hercules. A short account of the Great Competition of 14 September 1901, won by William L. Murray of Nottingham, whose prize included a gold statuette of Sandow. The hall was full and people were turned away. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/fe46ee59-8d56-4200-b3bf-12dafc85c134) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jS-yJKl6tjM
- **2023-09-26**, Egyptian bodybuilding champion works as a garbage collector to earn his living. The National on an Egyptian bodybuilding champion who works as a refuse collector. The gap between national standing and income is the ordinary condition of the sport almost everywhere outside the American professional tier. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/5e0e9e76-fc23-433f-875a-e3a012e9ce98) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oP9-hiNuUaI
- **2023-10-10**, Part One: How the First Fitness Influencer Doomed Us All \| BEHIND THE BASTARDS. A critical, heavily researched podcast treatment of Macfadden, including his politics and the harm in his anti-medical positions. He refused medical treatment throughout his life and died on 12 October 1955 at 87 after declining care for a digestive complaint. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/a9f3f633-ee51-4908-bda8-c8e979f26781) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N7vnyXZZme4
- **2023-10-13**, Rachel McLish Interview: Empowering Women Through Fitness. A long interview with Rachel McLish on her career and her stated aim of giving womanhood an added dimension through strength. Useful for how the first Ms. Olympia framed her own project. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/fdd10af9-28ac-4aa6-a7de-33ecd42da293) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ywgReQgUGL4
- **2023-11-05**, RAMON DINO ❌ From Brazil Streets to Mr Olympia (Full Documentary). A full documentary on Ramon Dino, from Acre in the Brazilian Amazon to the Mr. Olympia Classic Physique stage. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/58f49c54-e564-4928-a237-629600858d86) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=I-WGOLtJNhA
- **2023-11-11**, Bodybuilding : Parcours d'une Championne de Culturisme \| Réel·le·s. A French portrait of a woman competing in bodybuilding, following her through a season. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/87efa364-89a7-486c-be4a-db9f6fe138cf) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CXB4JFj0AtM
- **2023-11-12**, Japan’s Hidden Strength Culture You Didn’t Know Of - Strength Unknown - Chikara Ishi 力石. On chikaraishi, the Japanese strength stones lifted at Shinto shrines, with feats recorded by inscription on the stones themselves. East Asian strength culture is the least documented part of this history in Western sources. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/b881e91c-2594-4996-a1c0-933ddb599f52) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3CEjK9haKSQ
- **2023-11-14**, The history of steroids \| Peter Attia & Derek MPMD. Peter Attia and a guest on the history of anabolic steroids. Documented early adopters include Oklahoma University players and Sid Gillman, who gave the drug to the San Diego Chargers from 1963. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/e1d8cc28-697b-410d-97a1-6561c0a21f6e) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pEqnN-j6uR4
- **2023-11-16**, Gama Pehlwan ने Bruce Lee को क्या सिखाया ?\| Tarikh E597. The Lallantop on the Gama and Bruce Lee connection. Bruce Lee is reported to have studied Gama's conditioning methods, and the claim is widely repeated in both Indian and martial arts sources. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/da4ca467-936f-4c8a-bf17-9b5bf27d5599) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HLnlI6f2TGE
- **2023-11-23**, MASS Office Hours Episode 11 (The Science of Muscle Growth w/ Dr. Brad Schoenfeld). Brad Schoenfeld answering questions on the science of muscle growth for a research review panel. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/de39732f-015f-4984-b3bd-8f7d75dadfdd) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NQda3aV0f7Q
- **2023-11-26**, The First Bodybuilding Show in History. Barbell Films on the 1901 Great Competition at the Royal Albert Hall. It was the first major physique contest, judged by sculptor Charles Lawes, author Arthur Conan Doyle and Sandow himself, and won by William L. Murray, though regional qualifying heats preceded it. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/ae9bfb7d-7a67-4646-bdb2-8dee82c3e3e9) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ha80AQqXpT4
- **2023-11-27**, Sandow - Karambolage - ARTE. French public broadcaster ARTE's short essay on Sandow and the Prussian origins of the strongman figure in European popular entertainment. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/330f646e-1e0a-47ff-bf4c-5a8e9ff73229) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xvq2V7l8dow
- **2023-12-10**, Flexing the Facts: Eugen Sandow's Deceptive Legacy. A critical account arguing that Sandow's published measurements and feats were marketing rather than record. Sandow ran a commercial operation of magazines, courses and endorsements, so material originating from him is promotional in origin. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/42973cb8-8553-4455-9d9b-c2d4be24d146) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vn5KTR3YZcE
- **2023-12-11**, Ep. 252- The First Bodybuilding Show. A long Iron Culture podcast episode on the first bodybuilding show, with academic historians rather than fitness commentators. Useful as a corrective to the promotional account that descends from Sandow's own magazines. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/94fc4f29-ac95-40c3-aff8-83c433fef2cd) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6tPz9QgsKgI
### 2024
- **2024-01-08**, The Science Behind Creatine: How Much More Muscle & Strength?. On the research behind creatine, the one supplement with a large and consistent evidence base behind it, against an industry built on many that do not. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/5efc70db-60a2-4adb-8ff6-b858eb9e38db) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sm9P5kYUGtM
- **2024-01-19**, Exercise Scientist Critiques Mike Mentzer's Training. An exercise scientist assessing Mike Mentzer's training claims against current research. The disagreement between the sport's own traditions and the exercise science literature is the substance of the modern argument. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/cc322185-786e-41c7-bdb7-90cd2b927f79) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yyPWP22KIVs
- **2024-02-13**, Alles für den Pump? Junge Männer und das Gym \| WDR Doku. WDR on young German men and gym culture, and what they are pursuing there. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/f19ec758-beb6-44ee-a188-7744bd2b1143) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CYK_anbQrvw
- **2024-02-29**, Fitness masters of the past. Inside the 1868 Manual of the World's Strongest Man (Part 1 of 4). A reading of an 1868 training manual, a primary document from before Sandow was born and before the word bodybuilding existed. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/a21957e2-49a8-4243-ad0b-983e869e145b) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ctd3unu759k
- **2024-03-17**, The Billion Dollar Black Market: Steroids (Full Episode) \| Trafficked with Mariana Van Zeller. National Geographic's Trafficked on the black market in anabolic steroids. The 1990 legislation arose in part from a 1987 federal indictment targeting a market then estimated at 100 million dollars. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/329849f4-4c80-4e7b-921e-02dac86b5cbd) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_ripvSoRb0Y
- **2024-04-15**, Homens e mulheres encaram sacrifícios e riscos com o fisiculturismo \| FANTÁSTICO. Globo's Fantastico on the sacrifices and risks Brazilian men and women take in the sport. Brazil is central to the aesthetic economy around muscle, including documented public health problems that the programme reports on. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/1ec3f2d2-6f4c-420e-b5fe-39888fae8fa1) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7PU42fmLCPI
- **2024-04-19**, Is The Hypertrophy Rep Range Dead? (30+ Studies Explained). A review of more than thirty studies asking whether the traditional hypertrophy rep range holds up. The long standing prescription came from the sport's own tradition rather than from research. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/e612647f-b3cd-4005-99de-2a4ae7eb5aba) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3n5fj4wllTc
- **2024-04-27**, Arnold vs Nautilus: A Critical Analysis. A critical comparison of the Schwarzenegger volume approach and the Nautilus low volume approach, the sport's oldest methodological argument. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/86e07880-f0e2-4c8f-9730-e9564a987b39) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SXK8abRFkIQ
- **2024-04-28**, Strength vs Hypertrophy: The Science of How to Build Muscle. On the physiological difference between training for strength and training for size, using cadaveric material. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/5d00df26-0937-42c6-9a74-a188943064c8) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sxn5kPQ4Gl0
- **2024-05-03**, NIGERIA'S JAMES CHIMA SUNDAY TRIUMPHS AT 2024 IFFB WEST AFRICA CHAMPIONSHIP#bodybuilding. Nigerian coverage of James Chima Sunday winning the 2024 IFBB West Africa Championship. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/004481b4-70f4-4685-b569-92e54cd376e5) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9_Y8wBe9F-4
- **2024-05-08**, The Secrets of Old Time Strength \| Strongman Archaeology James Fuller. A long interview on old-time strength with a collector who works from surviving apparatus and documents. The archaeological approach is the right corrective to a period whose written record was largely advertising. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/98169f47-952b-451e-993a-aa49f0426b8a) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ul7tEKccGtY
- **2024-05-19**, What Steroids Do to the Body. The Institute of Human Anatomy on the physiological effects of anabolic steroids, using cadaveric material. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/2344bcf7-157f-4ad4-bfd8-28f180ef2444) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=e57k_a0_QpM
- **2024-05-20**, ARTHUR SAXON - LEGENDARNY STRONGMAN \[SAXON TRIO\]. A Polish account of Arthur Hennig, who performed as Arthur Saxon, and his brothers in the Saxon Trio. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/600a37f7-8658-4cf8-83de-ef6fce2f66c3) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=h5ipjQ-4Flk
- **2024-06-10**, HISTORIA del CULTURISMO: SALVADOR RUIZ primer Español en MR OLYMPIA IFBB. On Salvador Ruiz, described as the first Spaniard to compete at the IFBB Mr. Olympia. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/39f865c9-7ac3-405f-af74-45fe144a8eba) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sdyEbWx7nXo
- **2024**, 2024 IFBB Mr Olympia Friday Prejudging Comparisons 4K Video. Friday prejudging comparisons at the 2024 Mr. Olympia. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/dc954323-60c2-4997-ada1-0125c1c32b16) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LmZMgRJ_SQ0
- **2024**, 2024 IFBB Pro League Mr Olympia Finals Overall Posedown & Awards 4K Video. The finals, overall posedown and awards at the 2024 Mr. Olympia, won by Samson Dauda. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/2744eda7-f082-4ae5-8612-6219cd9e7c08) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p80kXRgkBOQ
- **2024**, 2024 IFBB Pro League Mr. Olympia Samson Dauda Finals Posing Routine 4K Video. Samson Dauda's finals posing routine at the 2024 Mr. Olympia. Dauda is Nigerian born and based in the United Kingdom. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/d21c3af5-07ba-4270-a5bf-662af7ded658) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wGKMCrlgZS8
- **2024**, German federation contest, Petersberg. A German Bodybuilding and Fitness Federation event. National federations run the amateur tier from which every professional comes. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/c8d2e0f0-94ba-479c-8e37-70f775e5dbb0) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:DBFV_Petersberg.jpg
- **2024**, Derek Lunsford at the Arnold Classic. Lunsford won the Mr Olympia in 2023 and again in 2025. First place at the Arnold Classic carries 130,000 dollars, a vehicle and a watch. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/94f3cf7c-fca7-47f6-bc6c-ddfbab52d028) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Derek_Lunsford_Arnold_Classic.jpg
- **2024**, On stage. The compulsory poses are fixed by the federation and are largely unchanged from those photographed in Paris in 1904. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/b7f10c6e-c4c6-42aa-92cc-1f33943f20fa) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Nash_Jocic_Bodybuilding_Competition.jpg
- **2024**, Kushti wrestlers, India. The akhara's earthen floor is turned and treated with oil, turmeric and other additions. Wrestlers cover themselves in it before bouts. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/37c41457-63f5-4747-bdac-e0668944ff7c) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:TraditionalIndianKusti03.jpg
- **2024**, Akhara bout. Pehlwani predates modern gym bodybuilding in India by centuries and was not derived from it. Most English-language histories of bodybuilding treat these traditions as a one-line courtesy before jumping to Sandow. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/31245f75-c85e-4d30-b9e2-5926e554b0ee) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:TraditionalIndianKusti05.jpg
- **2024**, Wrestlers at the akhara. The tension between traditional kushti and modern gym bodybuilding is a live thread in India, not a settled succession. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/9fff46fa-d459-4a9d-9ded-12b09575df9c) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:TraditionalIndianKusti07.jpg
- **2024**, Kushti training. Training under a guru or ustad conventionally begins in the teens, sometimes earlier, and covers diet, conduct and celibacy rules as well as exercise. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/6f35b89f-5f55-4442-a33e-1877136cf853) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:TraditionalIndianKusti09.jpg
- **2024**, Mr.India 100 kg 2024 #ibbf. The 100kg class at Mr India 2024, run by the Indian Body Builders Federation in Ludhiana. The IBBF traces back to Monotosh Roy, who won a NABBA Mr Universe title in the Group III amateur class in 1951 and founded the federation in 1958. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/555d61fd-076c-4713-8140-09cd227fe534) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6igsc9dZcSk
- **2024**, JBBF JAPAN MENS BODYBUILDING CHAMPIONSHIP 2024. The 2024 JBBF Japan Men's Bodybuilding Championship. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/5088c843-2da7-4f00-b186-ffa72c35f207) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8yvTRMj3Xe8
- **2024**, 2024 IFBB Pro League 6x Ms. Olympia Andrea Shaw Prejudging & Finals Posing Routines 4K Video. Andrea Shaw's prejudging and finals routines at the 2024 Ms. Olympia, her sixth title year run in progress. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/5ff8533a-cfff-4389-a9d2-ac09e0b10efb) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qr10Bu3_0yo
- **2024**, MR & MRS EAST AFRICA BODYBUILDING SHOW 2024. The Mr and Mrs East Africa Bodybuilding Show 2024, filmed in full. East African contests run men's and women's classes on the same stage. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/6fdce3c7-67cb-4121-a6ce-693913755864) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Pu9i_wQNxqg
- **2024**, Mr.India 2024 #ibbf. Mr India 2024 in Ludhiana, the IBBF national championship across weight classes. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/93ebcf71-18b8-4980-b412-a488fdc02390) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OiRLpdwMJMI
- **2024**, 【西日本選手権】男子ボディビル｜JBBF WEST JAPAN BODYBUILDING & FITNESS CHAMPIONSHIPS 2024. The men's bodybuilding classes at the 2024 JBBF West Japan Bodybuilding and Fitness Championships, filmed in full. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/beabf4bd-bebb-4833-8cd4-d4dbd5d7cbb8) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ak6d-_kpfDk
- **2024-06-19**, THE AFRICAN BODYBUILDING CHAMPIONSHIP & AFRICAN CONGRESS. The African Bodybuilding Championship and African Congress, from the IFBB's own channel. The Arnold Classic Africa has run in South Africa since 2016. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/6dbbc989-1752-4b0f-b492-a49238ad0ebc) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8b6S_-9GnIo
- **2024-07-04**, The Legacy of Joe Weider. A long programme on Joe Weider's legacy from Olympia TV. Weider died in March 2013 aged 93. He settled with the Federal Trade Commission in 1985 for a minimum of 400,000 dollars over claims made for the Anabolic Mega-Pak, which is a regulator's finding rather than a competitor's accusation. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/5ec54af8-2d9c-402d-98df-5b531fa78b5c) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8tymRP5x2KY
- **2024-07-05**, How to Grow Muscle (ft. Dr. Brad Schoenfeld). Stronger By Science with Brad Schoenfeld on what the evidence supports about muscle growth. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/82a00c45-01b4-4a2b-9821-360256765d1f) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XSG4KWjhg3E
- **2024-07-12**, 'Our Olympic games': Turkey's historic oil wrestling championship \| AFP. AFP on the Kirkpinar championship, which Turkish competitors describe as their Olympic games. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/90580a57-df29-4554-a1e4-32db94b8939e) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PDOu-b6qUeo
- **2024-07-28**, Get Big Or Die Trying - The Story of Whistleblower Bostin Loyd (2024). On Bostin Loyd, a competitor who published detailed accounts of his own drug use and died in 2022. The film is about a person who chose to make himself a public case study, and it reports what he said about himself. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/d9f3fc98-5222-479b-8bb5-751a7cc00af3) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ejKhAuhP3U4
- **2024-08-07**, Bill St. John Man of Iron Interview - Dr. John Ziegler, Hoffman, Vasilef, golden age bodybuilding. A long oral history interview covering John Ziegler, Bob Hoffman and the York Barbell circle. Metandienone was first described in 1955 and synthesised by researchers at CIBA in Basel, Switzerland, which filed a US patent in 1957 and marketed it as Dianabol from 1958. Ziegler's defensible role is introducing it to athletes, not creating it. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/cfd0bfd5-57d8-4b33-a983-d48ce4f2e0cc) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZNbobyLqSkg
- **2024-09-02**, DOS OLDSCHOOL AOS INFLUENCERS - A história do Bodybilding no Brasil \| #fabrica.doc #001. A history of bodybuilding in Brazil from the old school gyms to the influencer era. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/1e04ef8c-8bd6-41be-afbb-3bfb3d734d08) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=atKy0JnQWGs
- **2024-09-15**, The brutal sport that you have probably never heard of \| Next of Kin: Laamb. A long documentary on laamb, made for a rugby audience unfamiliar with the sport. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/eb6ddf32-59f9-4ee2-9f8c-258bba2fe42d) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=estyTh29GkA
- **2024-09-16**, Eugen Sandow's Deadly Victorian Gyms. On the Sandow Institutes of Physical Culture, the chain of gyms Sandow opened in Britain from 1897, and the commercial apparatus of mail order courses and spring grip dumbbells that surrounded them. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/5eac0efc-53ae-40d2-94ee-87d2063e7961) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=K0cYsrptV5c
- **2024-09-17**, В СССР не запрещали Бодибилдинг. Первый чемпион по Культуризму времен Сталина - Александр Ширай. A Russian argument that bodybuilding was never formally banned in the USSR, naming an early Stalin era physique champion. Soviet policy toward the sport is usually described as official discouragement rather than a statutory ban, and the distinction is contested between Russian sources. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/94b3feb0-a668-464a-bc81-9b898735d973) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XzvCqGpKR_w
- **2024-09-19**, 3-Minute History: Muscle Beach. A short history of Muscle Beach from the Santa Monica Conservancy, the body that maintains the site's heritage record. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/41b970be-5889-4441-8498-930d3685029c) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RtKtQHDYZrs
- **2024-09-22**, Is Muscle Hyperplasia Real? (Science Explained). On whether muscle hyperplasia, an increase in fibre number rather than size, occurs in humans. A long running dispute in the field. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/11b45cc9-4f1c-4eb5-a6b1-cd117900adb1) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0RQf4kj5LaQ
- **2024-09-24**, Akhara Swaminath: The Legacy of India's Oldest Wrestling Tradition. On the Swaminath akhara and its claim to be India's oldest continuous wrestling tradition, from the Sankat Mochan temple in Varanasi. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/6452e069-6cd8-4ca4-bf63-ecd00754f9c7) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Jey7tz5VjBY
- **2024-10-02**, The Crazy True Story of Bodybuilding’s First Show. On the 1901 Great Competition at the Royal Albert Hall, judged by sculptor Charles Lawes, author Arthur Conan Doyle and Sandow himself, and won by William L. Murray of Nottingham. It was the first major physique contest, though regional qualifying heats preceded it. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/1726ae94-8295-4b24-9a9d-ad15a3b0e53d) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CoJRJXhwu9E
- **2024-10-04**, What is Muscle Memory? (Science Explained). On muscle memory and the myonuclear hypothesis, which proposes that nuclei acquired during training persist and make regaining muscle faster. It has implications for how long a drug advantage might last after use stops. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/0a453933-d055-4f28-b844-d69650659af2) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wYCzjuiPtgs
- **2024-10-05**, Ms Olympia Andrea Shaw in the The Lenda Murray experience.. Ms. Olympia Andrea Shaw training with eight time Ms. Olympia Lenda Murray. Two champions from either side of the contest's cancellation in the same room. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/836f2852-780d-45ea-a8b4-ed6827d2f93e) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pAV5pJDBaOA
- **2024-10-14**, Raw Iron Making of Pumping Iron \| 2002. Raw Iron, the 2002 documentary about the making of Pumping Iron, with the participants describing how scenes were built. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/7bfd58e6-b002-4ba2-b56f-f785840dc87d) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C8wix2kLcCk
- **2024-10-22**, Senegal’s Traditional Wrestling - Where Culture and Strength Collide. On Senegalese laamb wrestling, which combines grappling with striking and is the country's largest spectator sport. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/92ab73dd-7446-4297-b4d8-23f8f5488854) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JgZ74uLOuFI
- **2024-10-28**, Louis Cyr: The Most OVERRATED Strongman in History. A sceptical reassessment of Louis Cyr's record by a strength coach, arguing the surviving evidence supports far less than the legend claims. Useful counterweight to the hagiographic Canadian treatment of Cyr. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/76cb7836-b29e-45fc-946d-b71f28322ac7) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZRUeOgiiptk
- **2024-10-30**, Traditional Japanese Powerlifting Competitions - Sannomiya Unosuke Chikaramochi & Chikaraishi. On traditional Japanese stone lifting competitions, the chikaramochi, and the Sannomiya Unosuke tradition. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/7c58f246-4a83-46de-8a25-1fe511011c8c) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=giX9lVgyPUw
- **2024-10-30**, Inside the Deadly Market for Experimental Bodybuilding Drugs \| Fault Lines Documentary. Al Jazeera's Fault Lines on the market in experimental compounds sold to bodybuilders, including peptides marketed outside any approval process. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/a3770aa6-f8e2-4ec2-91c4-6930d9639983) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MycU2KoqaWU
- **2024-11-05**, DYNAMIC TENSION: The Charles Atlas Story. On Angelo Siciliano, who took the name Charles Atlas and won Macfadden's 1922 America's Most Perfectly Developed Man contest at Madison Square Garden. He was later marketed for decades as the World's Most Perfectly Developed Man, a title he never won. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/e0d8ce04-3fda-47bb-b236-2ff6bde35407) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NdX2AuUINQQ
- **2024-11-24**, 보디빌딩 대회 우승 휩쓴 '일흔 살의 청춘' (2024.11.22/뉴스투데이/MBC충북). MBC News on a 70 year old competitor sweeping a Korean bodybuilding contest. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/4c7b710d-ab5a-4f8e-b461-8fa7330d6b90) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aYkZ5qnIewo
- **2024-12-07**, Eric Helms: Harsh Truths About Natural Bodybuilding. Eric Helms on the limits of natural bodybuilding. Helms competes in tested federations and researches the sport he competes in, which is rare. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/1e81a568-f5c7-4ade-a135-6a77ec02f453) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_efP3p672xY
- **2024-12-29**, Gama Pehalwan: Subcontinent's superhero who could not be defeated I गामा पहलवान: जिसे हराया न जा सके. A long account of the Great Gama, who lived from 1878 to 1960. The training volumes usually quoted for him are traditional claims rather than measured records, and the archive presents them that way. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/20bb80a4-949c-46d7-983e-fa1059ec6f45) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sKLkWeh5jcE
- **2024-12-30**, गामा पहलवान का अखाड़ा \| Datia Madhya Pradesh में आज भी मौजूद है 😱. A visit to the akhara associated with Gama at Datia in Madhya Pradesh. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/5027bacf-df3c-43e4-b6cd-ae67b864e542) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xoAi0-fys9s
### 2025
- **2025-01-06**, The History of Female Bodybuilding - Part 1: The Golden era in the1990s. The first part of a series on the history of female bodybuilding, covering the 1990s. That decade is when the IFBB's femininity rules of 1992 met the most muscular fields the sport had produced. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/18b44b1e-0d1b-4977-9314-bf4d7cd29800) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yXegD_ElxQU
- **2025-01-12**, Why You REGAIN Strength, Size, & Skills FASTER: Muscle Memory. On why strength and size return faster than they were first built, from the Institute of Human Anatomy. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/a7d2da9a-f277-42d9-91ef-80735b47960e) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y-KAhOq7t84
- **2025-01-25**, Brad Schoenfeld, PhD lecturer “How to build muscle for strength and function.” 25 January 2025. A Brad Schoenfeld university lecture on building muscle for strength and function. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/c9b1753b-b502-4f17-a136-b32e1cafd2f5) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bhJIM1Y19dc
- **2025-02-02**, A KUSHTI Documentary: The Spirit of Indian Wrestling. A documentary on kushti and what its practitioners understand the sport to be. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/7aaef4a2-114a-4645-90d1-e2f50cbf8e6d) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Em2cp3cz4vw
- **2025-02-07**, Pressure to use steroids is growing. How dangerous are they? \| The Current. CBC's The Current on growing pressure on young men to use steroids, and what the medical evidence says about the risks. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/581bc87c-9641-4e40-a8b2-6c9db8a9ec95) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cU5rnZcMYFs
- **2025-03-27**, Stark, weiblich, Bodybuilderin \| ARTE Re:. ARTE Re: on women in bodybuilding in Europe. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/c6545278-7f37-42dd-8c13-b975e12b5bf4) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bqgKb0lsmzI
- **2025-04-09**, The Wolf Who Brought a Bodybuilder’s Physique to Sumo: Chiyonofuji. On Chiyonofuji, the sumo yokozuna who was unusually lean and muscular for the sport and trained deliberately for it after repeated shoulder dislocations. The clearest point of contact between sumo and physique training. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/c17ef4ba-e920-4ced-baf4-b46481da371f) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pAQomCsAw60
- **2025-04-19**, 日本ボディビル選手権 全歴代王者紹介. A survey of every past Japan Bodybuilding Championship winner. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/b617908e-f011-4c01-831f-e416e5c5d112) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wqQJ12iyUYw
- **2025-04-23**, "The Only Man to Out Muscle Arnold Schwarzenegger" - Short Sergio Oliva Interview Clip. A short archival interview clip with Sergio Oliva. Schwarzenegger's 1971 title carries an asterisk larger than 1980's, because Oliva was banned that year for competing in a rival NABBA event. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/5bd64a67-59cd-427d-bf7b-a508ea591799) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B3agbDMl4YY
- **2025-04-24**, Stand Tall. 1975 Mr. Olympia and went on to play the Hulk on television. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/9ec030db-8732-48f7-a0c6-8df1307682dd) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wXnmZnHNpgc
- **2025-05-06**, Inside the Dangerous World of Bodybuilding. A documentary on the risks inside competitive bodybuilding. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/a8277077-9a08-4fb6-9e62-d28f9cae4227) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=O-CcH1AUnGA
- **2025-05-08**, The Most Brutal Sparring Session \| Extreme Traditional Training Revealed. A full sparring session filmed inside the Tatsunami sumo stable, from the stable's own channel. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/e128cd40-a4db-4ccb-aed0-6e7afaa121c9) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9HIB9XLP88Y
- **2025-05-21**, Study: Amateur BodyBuilders have 10 X Risk of sudden cardiac death & Pros have 90 X! Why?. A physician discussing a study reporting sharply elevated sudden cardiac death rates among competitive bodybuilders. Studies from the 2010s onward have documented elevated mortality, attributed to sudden cardiac death, extreme weight fluctuation, intentional dehydration and drug use. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/5db3c3a3-0460-4912-94f0-ee6b2ab70020) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VNjuwLLZZQU
- **2025-05-22**, Interview with Master Olympia 1994 - Robby Robinson!. Robby Robinson, Masters Olympia champion in 1994, interviewed on his long career. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/ef763abd-ec36-4ad2-8ee2-4cd253493dc7) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gUKBaaPbSSE
- **2025-06-11**, Советский БОДИБИЛДЕР о химии и тренировках в СССР. A Soviet era bodybuilder speaking about training and drug use in the USSR. This is one athlete's own account of his own era. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/a73ba4f9-2e13-4be6-ad1e-03fee8195ffc) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IADoHlBaHXY
- **2025-06-12**, LA HISTORIA DE WNBF SPAIN. The history of WNBF Spain, a natural federation that drug tests its competitors. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/a48ed568-fd48-4c34-a1d0-eafecffe095c) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OOaa0qtaxmc
- **2025**, Androgenic anabolic steroids: a clinical practice guideline for primary care. A clinical practice guideline on androgenic anabolic steroids for primary care doctors, addressed to clinicians who encounter users rather than to users. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/ebea47d6-2a25-4261-b2ff-dccfe556f963) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1mRZ7PNVEXk
- **2025**, 2025 IFBB Pro League Mr Olympia Finals Comparison and Awards 4K Video. Finals comparisons and awards at the 2025 Mr. Olympia. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/c7cd3d89-5ab9-4e8c-bf1d-0b4dc1e45309) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0XNsdNQ5G9E
- **2025**, Mr Olympia 2025 Classic Physique. The Classic Physique division at the 2025 Olympia. Classic Physique caps weight against height and is the division that grew fastest in the 2020s. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/26b1ff1b-5ace-4d6a-9689-e45cb9a10460) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q6FtGzt1hxM
- **2025**, 2025 IFBB Men's Classic Physique Olympia 4th Place Josema Munoz Posing Routine 4K Video. Josema Munoz placing fourth in Classic Physique at the 2025 Olympia. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/22bc601a-bf15-4b63-bb5e-e4dd525c680d) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uqFWq1d4K54
- **2025**, IFBB contest, Zurich. The IFBB received provisional Olympic recognition in 1998, which was withdrawn in 2001. WADA-compliant rules followed in 2005, but the Pro League still does not routinely test. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/08329fa2-a262-465d-9788-89efd96f9d93) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:IFBB_Zurich_2025.jpg
- **2025**, Miss Olympia 2025 Finals \| Best Moments, Posedown & Awards - Andrea Shaw did it Again!. Finals, posedown and awards at the 2025 Ms. Olympia. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/0e01efb9-0705-4436-81c5-7027064c8807) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Lulio8Zfq7U
- **2025**, 2025 Mr. Korea 대상전 경기. The overall final at Mr Korea 2025, from the Korea Bodybuilding Federation's own channel. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/15d7263e-0d7a-456b-84d0-aea0faed3bdd) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bAIiklPFx4w
- **2025**, 2025 Mr. & Ms. Korea 18세이하부 보디빌딩 Overall 경기. The under 18 overall class at the 2025 Mr. and Ms. Korea championships, from the Korea Bodybuilding Federation. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/201b41c8-fec9-4e74-9e6d-18360269c642) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VX9ggIPVZb4
- **2025**, Mr Flex Nigeria 2025 - Middleweight mandatories. Middleweight mandatory poses at Mr Flex Nigeria 2025. The mandatories are the seven compulsory poses on which every physique contest is actually judged. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/2b5caa44-6dd4-4e80-8cca-088cce5fa8eb) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RnpsxsGlA1I
- **2025**, 【ミスター日本2025】男子ボディビル決勝フリーポーズ. The men's bodybuilding final free posing round at Mr Japan 2025. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/2da1fcb4-1e84-472b-8aab-159cf78ccf6b) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jtyBt9v3M_4
- **2025**, Andrea Shaw 🇺🇸 1st @ 2025 Ms. Olympia (WBB). Andrea Shaw winning the 2025 Ms. Olympia, the 61st edition, taking her to six titles. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/31e0d087-eed7-4815-aaeb-28b7ea80f540) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NbCgXobyTvI
- **2025**, IBBF Mr India 2025 FINALS - Champion of the champions \| C Rahul Wakade Chitresh Karthikeswar Nitin. The overall final at IBBF Mr India 2025, where the weight class winners compete for the champion of champions title. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/80774763-06b6-4325-aa58-4e56a8b87a77) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3Y_p6FqD_gk
- **2025**, JBBF TV 2025 アーカイブ 2025.8.10 日本クラシックボディビル選手権大会. The 2025 Japan Classic Bodybuilding Championship from the JBBF archive. Classic divisions cap weight against height, reversing the open division's incentive toward mass. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/96042626-951e-49b5-af95-99d96b62d51f) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CWYrNaOIMhU
- **2025**, 2026 Türkiye ve Balkan Şampiyonası \| Koray Girgin'den Büyük Ödül ve Sürpriz açıklamaları @tvgfbgf​. Coverage of the Turkish and Balkan bodybuilding championship. Turkey hosts the Balkan regional championship, one of the continental tiers below the world amateur level. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/9851b1a6-3349-42ac-a7e9-735f5118bb03) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iuglBRyQIR8
- **2025**, ICN PHILIPPINES 🇵🇭 NATIONAL CHAMPION SHIP 2025 BODY BUILDER COMPETITION.. The 2025 ICN Philippines national championship, filmed in full. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/bcb10fd1-5053-405d-944c-9dea63d2bbb3) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Bhw58cIXcFc
- **2025**, JBBF TV 2025 アーカイブ 2025.9.7 日本クラス別選手権大会. The 2025 Japan Class-Specific Championships from the JBBF archive. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/c496e604-69cb-4f22-9d2f-e5899a8e73a3) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HBW6P0lkRvA
- **2025**, 2025년 미스터서울 - 마스터즈 60세이상 보디빌딩 및 시상식. The masters class for competitors over 60 at Mr Seoul 2025, with the awards ceremony. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/d9d22459-d3e3-43a9-af71-d4f64640dca2) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PE6aGDdFTPY
- **2025**, Ramon Dino with the Olympia trophy. Brazil's largest result in the contest's history. The Olympia had been won by non-Americans repeatedly from 2020 onward, after a 23-year gap in which no non-American took the title. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/e4c9563f-1c8d-40cc-96ba-d6998ec58f0c) Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ramon_Dino_shows_his_Mr._Olympia_trophy_(2025).jpg
- **2025-06-29**, High-Intensity Training: Mike Mentzer, Dorian Yates, and What Actually Works (Ft. Lyle McDonald). A long examination of high intensity training as practised by Mike Mentzer and Dorian Yates, and what the research says about it. Yates won six Olympia titles on a version of Mentzer's method, which is the strongest evidence anyone has for it. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/f2bc7a1d-f875-4355-bcec-003782296e36) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OkqcraBQITA
- **2025-07-01**, Are Vince Gironda's Training Techniques Scientifically based? Part 2.. Jerry Brainum assessing whether Vince Gironda's training methods hold up against research. Brainum wrote for the magazines for decades and is unusually willing to contradict them. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/c5a883e7-f070-4998-87db-4472c1e6b851) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TDUIM0x_zco
- **2025-07-04**, Rise of fights and politics in Indian bodybuilding - DOCUMENTARY - Taarun Gill Talks. Taarun Gill on rivalries and federation politics in Indian bodybuilding. India's modern federations have been fractious, with rival bodies each claiming IFBB affiliation, which is the context for most national title disputes there. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/336fbfcd-bced-4759-8ec6-c6a7f32c9ec8) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2wQZCv1TcrE
- **2025-07-11**, The 664-year-old sport that still blows minds \| Kirkpinar Turkish Oil Wrestling. TRT on Kirkpinar, the Turkish oil wrestling championship at Edirne, which has run since the fourteenth century and is among the oldest continuously held sporting events anywhere. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/b93835f0-0683-43b5-91d0-df825680cee4) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4k5o_EFMBG8
- **2025-07-13**, Teaching Larry Wheels 3,000 Year Old Persian Strength Training. An Iranian coach teaching zurkhaneh training to a Western strength athlete. Useful for seeing the implements handled by someone who has never used them. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/eb1c9753-b559-48d6-a312-710e62a8e347) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EFnN2IlchQg
- **2025-08-02**, Everything You Need To Know About Training Volume & Hypertrophy - Greg Nuckols. Greg Nuckols on training volume and hypertrophy at length. Nuckols runs one of the few outlets that publishes negative and null findings in this field. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/66e0f1f3-e3be-4ece-9e69-516cc4c2dc01) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g5CNAjk6Pbw
- **2025-08-17**, MIKE MENTZER vs Arthur Jones: How their Training was Different \| The Rise & Fall of HIT’s Power Duo. On the differences between Arthur Jones's and Mike Mentzer's training systems. Mentzer took Jones's premises further than Jones did. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/15b3ddec-4b45-4b4a-adb0-f9d8fb4ac2ee) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DA2g8RuF-Ww
- **2025-08-21**, How Arthur Jones Changed Strength Training Forever. An assessment of how Arthur Jones changed strength training. The commercial machine gym descends from Nautilus, which is a larger legacy than the training theory. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/046a8e07-1256-4e11-81ef-29ff84619c30) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-k-YMLqs9yk
- **2025-09-10**, Stéroïdes anabolisants : enquête sur le marché du muscle \| Sources \| ARTE. ARTE investigating the market in anabolic steroids in Europe. Reported as journalism about a market and its public health consequences, with nothing instructional. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/0b723ede-38bd-4795-8fdd-63f30ac7396c) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3OYwaXzYG-Q
- **2025-09-10**, LOS PIONEROS del CULTURISMO en MÉXICO – Los HÉROES OLVIDADOS del HIERRO. On the pioneers of Mexican bodybuilding, described as the forgotten figures of the country's iron history. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/6bd9be13-74f2-4d96-b688-7cf4ab3e3fc6) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MYxnb71A5w8
- **2025-09-13**, Chikara Ishi (力石) - Japanese Power Stones. A long study of chikara ishi, the Japanese power stones, and the shrines where they are kept. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/3b6272cf-98ad-4ef9-8d22-68da82ada99a) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PHs-Ye9dWlE
- **2025-09-16**, Face-To-Face #06: What is Akhada? Real Meaning & History of Akhada \| Open Question. An explanation of what an akhara is and where the institution came from. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/6d323a28-9690-451d-b321-4ded8b14532c) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ox9i1dR9qcM
- **2025-09-28**, I trained at the most dangerous gym in Africa (Nigeria) 🇳🇬. A Nigerian training in a Lagos gym, showing the equipment and conditions competitors there actually work with. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/e0c7ba19-1793-4240-be19-29af79d2ae85) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ykbovlVgHOo
- **2025-10-12**, RAMON DINO - APRENDENDO A FAZER HISTÓRIA - Documentário COMPLETO!. A long documentary following Ramon Dino, made in Portuguese for a Brazilian audience. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/5c9d9d13-afe4-4125-bb70-d71b4c730fa6) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5pJ4gdm1x3k
- **2025-10-25**, Anabolic Steroids: The Muscle Market \| ARTE.tv Documentary. ARTE investigating the European market in anabolic steroids. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/2126f908-9ad2-4435-91a4-503c6fc3c845) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N9vAJGQyWUE
- **2025-10-28**, Breaking Down a Classic Dianabol Study - What Did They Really Figure Out?. A close reading of an early Dianabol study, examining what the research actually established rather than what it is usually cited for. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/965755a5-2a32-4936-9b27-80c595cd6b58) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bL7PVm29vFM
- **2025-10-30**, This is what it takes to be a sumo wrestler - What in the World podcast, BBC World Service. BBC World Service on what sumo training and life actually require. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/a51c2ca1-930e-4abd-9ad3-e057d12137e8) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KSQWPmcF5zQ
- **2025-11-01**, The Last Pehlwans: Inside the Dying Akhadas of Kolhapur \| Stories That Matter. On the declining akharas of Kolhapur in Maharashtra, a city with one of the strongest wrestling traditions in India. The pressure on the akhara from modern mat wrestling and from land value is the subject. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/2fd66452-d632-4a2e-9d1b-7f6a8596c7ef) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rF-m6S930IY
- **2025-11-03**, Inside India's 103-Year-Old Wrestling Akhada. Inside an akhara in India that has been running for 103 years. The akhara is a mud floored wrestling gymnasium and the substrate on which Indian bodybuilding was later built, with training implements that predate any Western apparatus. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/911d86a6-948d-485c-a4e3-65105a0b405b) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CY6O6y2kqVc
- **2025-11-07**, Why are Bodybuilders Dying Young in India? (Full Documentary). An Indian documentary on the deaths of young competitors in the national scene. It reports on drug use in the sport as a public health question. Individual causes of death are not established here and the archive does not assert any. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/fc5393a9-dee8-4cc6-8637-c0cd4b967413) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YA_NKi4KQLU
- **2025-11-08**, Behind the Scenes: Conan the Barbarian (Milius, 1982) with Arnold Schwarzenegger. A behind the scenes account of the making of Conan the Barbarian. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/dc7702ce-023b-4935-be77-c350b624810c) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NJ7FubYTUVY
- **2025-11-13**, Body Dysmorphia: The Hidden Epidemic \| FULL DOCUMENTARY. A full ABC documentary on body dysmorphia, covering the muscle dysmorphia presentation among men. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/27bdbe45-fe60-4859-8ccb-19a67249d741) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=psSqCnf-bOI
- **2025-11-26**, Ed Conners: Untold Stories From Inside Gold’s Gym Venice. Ed Conners, a Gold's Gym owner, on what went on inside the Venice gym. A first hand operator's account rather than a retrospective. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/e95e5404-b6ee-4113-b47e-847581971b00) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=e6NzIjkR09g
- **2025-12-05**, Strength for Hypertrophy: The Evidence-Based Way to Build Muscle (with Eric Helms). Eric Helms on evidence based approaches to building muscle, recorded for an equipment manufacturer's research programme. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/ccdb6b1b-407a-4206-a168-25c06cbfb846) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eVVDr7yifQY
- **2025-12-08**, Turkish Oil Wrestling: A 600-Year-Old Tradiditonal Turkish Sport. A short history of Turkish oil wrestling as a six century old practice. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/06f66e52-1be7-4a13-86b5-9f87a8010ec0) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Rn2KjRslNh0
- **2025-12-15**, Why Turkish wrestlers are covered in 2 tons of olive oil. On the olive oil used at Kirkpinar and why the wrestlers are covered in it. The oil is what makes the sport a conditioning contest rather than a technical one. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/cd001c4b-0441-4eef-8631-d3368996cdc2) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9z6bFEGDQz4
- **2025-12-20**, The Steroid Lawyer: Rick Collins and the Fight Over Anabolic Laws. Rick Collins on the legal history of anabolic steroid regulation. Later statutes followed in 2004 and 2014, the latter creating penalties up to 500,000 dollars for false labelling. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/6350a1d3-26d8-4638-bc71-da9ee7731267) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pWJHVlTRHL0
- **2025-12-28**, Pumping Iron (1977) – Behind the Scenes: Arnold Schwarzenegger & Lou Ferrigno. Behind the scenes on Pumping Iron, covering Schwarzenegger and Lou Ferrigno. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/cc43e4d6-cf05-4ded-b849-bcaa7605a408) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H3GUuu7P7S0
### 2026
- **2026-01-04**, Arthur Saxon’s Unbeatable 120 Year Old Lift. On Arthur Saxon's bent press, the most cited lift of the pre-1914 music hall circuit and one that has stood for over a century. Saxon and his brothers worked as the Saxon Trio in German and British variety theatre. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/ca3c3b33-1413-416f-b702-0394b0801c33) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ecQRrFz-GIY
- **2026-01-07**, Blood Sweat & Muscle: The Rise Of Brazil - Official Teaser 2 (HD) \| Bodybuilding Documentary. Teaser for Blood Sweat and Muscle, on the rise of Brazilian bodybuilding. Brazil is the origin and driver of the Wellness division, which emphasises lower body development and dates from around 2020. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/bf1d0dc9-6d52-4ab8-a411-f456c6870b8b) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tnSddtOKbSM
- **2026-01-26**, Ep 364 - The Evolution of Physical Culture (ft. Dr. Conor Heffernan). An interview with the historian Conor Heffernan on the evolution of physical culture and its globalisation, which is the scholarly literature this period actually has. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/32efbf86-dd5d-493b-8b03-374b7abad2e1) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S3aT01p24dA
- **2026-01-27**, De Mr. México a empezar de cero: Ricardo Joachin va por el Olympia. A former Mr Mexico, Ricardo Joachin, starting again with the Olympia as the goal. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/6cd04896-11bc-4975-bd51-4af0da10e65c) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XHkdpJqAuok
- **2026-01-28**, Muskelwahn und Männerkult - Adonis \| Doku HD \| ARTE. ARTE's Adonis, on muscle culture and masculinity, made for the Franco German broadcaster. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/2c89c13f-d677-4880-aa51-ba42fe2a2042) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=I8zmmiBpJ7s
- **2026-02-15**, ROIDCheck: Building the World’s First Steroid Drug Checking Program. On ROIDCheck, described as the first drug checking programme for anabolic steroids. A harm reduction response to an unregulated supply, the same model applied to other illicit drugs. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/d618a900-9bec-4db6-8fad-57a62d436951) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3OFKMVYaJ58
- **2026-02-18**, Mister France, pas qu'une histoire d'abdos !. On the Mister France contest and what the men in it are actually competing for. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/34848973-76f1-4865-9b9f-9c81b16766f5) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NUmc08Dsflw
- **2026-02-18**, The Weider System: The definitive manual of the methodology that sculpted the greats.. On the Weider System, the branded methodology the magazines sold. The system was a marketing container for training principles of mixed origin, several of which predated Weider. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/66257687-df3b-4e6e-8df7-d5b8af42cfd1) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=w4M9p3h2uJw
- **2026-03-11**, Nigerian Bodybuilder Andrew Jacked Claims Victory at 2026 Arnold Classic. RootsTV Nigeria reporting Andrew Jacked's victory at the 2026 Arnold Classic. Nigeria has produced two of the most successful open competitors of the 2020s, alongside Samson Dauda. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/aa18c62e-f032-43ab-8e7e-751b6fec55b7) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Or-9T6CRMvE
- **2026-03-30**, Fue Mr. México… hoy vive entre basura \| Historia real. A Mexican report on a former Mr Mexico now living in destitution. What happens to national champions after the titles is a documented pattern across the sport's economics. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/4f9d4f6c-a7c3-4a80-8d91-9aa0c963cc77) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3k4z76ZjV0k
- **2026-04-09**, JULIANA - L’histoire d’une championne de bodybuilding \| Documentary (FR/ENG). Juliana, a documentary on a French women's bodybuilding champion. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/6f637e69-4c15-4461-a909-db2c5d0e531b) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mvHgcAnAi7w
- **2026-04-11**, The Great Gama: Myth, Legend, or the Greatest Wrestler Ever?. An attempt to separate what is documented about the Great Gama from what is legend. The distinction matters here because Gama is the best documented non Western strength figure of the period and is still routinely written up with invented numbers. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/32ca3c62-5d52-40f3-bab1-1ef513ca3f30) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NKUd1L698_I
- **2026-04-17**, Die Bodybuilder in der DDR \| Sportclub Story \| NDR Doku. NDR on bodybuilders in the German Democratic Republic. East German sport was organised around state programmes, and bodybuilding sat awkwardly against that, in a country whose doping apparatus was later documented in detail. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/526ff652-21bb-4cc9-bb3c-40998f749ada) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dOfX0TJUWAY
- **2026-04-26**, Inside India’s 7,000 Calorie Wrestling Diet \| Forked. On the diet of an Indian wrestler, reported at around 7,000 calories. Almonds, ghee and milk rather than the protein powder economy of the Western gym. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/77754a2b-3988-4a6e-86d9-e54e72dabd02) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2b9Xl1onus4
- **2026-04-26**, Bronze Era Strength Was Built For War - Not Vanity. On Alexander Zass developing isometric chain training in an Austro-Hungarian prison cell during the First World War, and on George Hackenschmidt's formation in the St Petersburg athletic circle. Argues the pre-1914 physique was built for utility rather than display. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/ddf929d4-d073-4613-8fc4-a79b74a3c2fe) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=m11qa73RbXU
- **2026-05-01**, Haryana Wrestling Documentary: मां-बाप भूखे… हरियाणवी पहलवानों का असली सच! Yogeshwar Dutt । Olympic. ABP on wrestlers in Haryana and the economics of the akhara, including the cost to families of supporting a pehlwan. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/065833d9-1e19-4914-b310-b0b3ecd6646b) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xYGgvNhwPDk
- **2026-05-08**, LAAMB • Senegalese Wrestling Rhythms • Full Video (35 Min) • Lutte Sénégalaise. A long film on the drumming and rhythms of laamb. The music is not accompaniment; it structures the event, in the same way the morshed's drum structures the zurkhaneh. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/c92e3b64-86a3-4cd5-93c3-7ff0c63298ff) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oeZUqIB3D5w
- **2026-05-10**, СССР против мышц: Почему культуризм стал запрещенным спортом.. A Russian account of why kulturizm came to be treated as a forbidden sport in the USSR. The sport was officially discouraged as a bourgeois and narcissistic pursuit and survived in basement gyms known as kachalki. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/642c05f2-10ae-4943-90b1-4170950986a7) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hwDY3zxb6Cc
- **2026-05-27**, कुश्ती से पहले कैसे होती है अखाडे की पूजा? जीतने के लिए क्या करते हैं पहलवान?. On the puja performed at the akhara before wrestling. The akhara's religious dimension, usually organised around Hanuman, is inseparable from its training practice. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/cf55696c-8867-4f04-b96c-2549ef182253) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YczlZPTNgso
- **2026-06-08**, Weight of Dreams \| Big Ramy \| TEDxYouth@BedayiaSchool. Mamdouh Elssbiay, known as Big Ramy, giving a TEDx talk at a school in Egypt. He worked as a fisherman in Kafr El Sheikh, moved to Kuwait in 2009, joined Oxygen Gym in Kuwait City in 2010 and won Mr. Olympia in 2020 and 2021, the first Egyptian to do so. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/14d61ee0-d066-49f1-b242-8ca5a579c68c) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zRo9R1m93q4
- **2026**, Mr India 2026 #bodybuildingcompetition #india. Mr India 2026, the IBBF national championship. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/1d0e6b63-e9b2-4475-ba59-72a6589a2120) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZTl9L66EAOg
- **2026**, 【見逃し配信】Japan Pro 2026 212 Bodybuilding Pro クラス｜当日の有料ライブ映像を無料公開. The 212 professional class at Japan Pro 2026, released free after the paid live stream. Japan hosts an IFBB Pro League contest, which is how Japanese athletes qualify without leaving the country. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/676f995e-4887-4e06-b384-065a11210f8a) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uky_PDQqTys
- **2026**, 【2026年8月29日兵庫県神戸ポートピアホール/コンテストハイライト】KANSAI CHAMPIONSHIPS. Highlights of the 2026 Kansai Championships at Kobe Portopia Hall, run by Fitness World Japan, the IFBB affiliated body that competes with the JBBF domestically. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/82271d63-0a3b-4865-9373-4b0bb2e51fc0) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EcPParAj0wA
- **2026**, इंदौर में 17वीं राष्ट्रीय महिला पुरुष बॉडी बिल्डिंग चैंपियनशिप-2026 का आयोजन \|\| Cnews Bharat. Regional news coverage of the 17th National Men's and Women's Bodybuilding Championship in Indore, 2026. Women's classes now run alongside men's at Indian nationals. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/a447d89e-932c-43fb-9323-e2bd05520131) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rHMAmKs6bm8
- **2026**, من بطولة مستر ايجيبت تحت رعاية الاتحاد المصري لكمال الاجسام 2026. The Mr Egypt championship under the Egyptian Bodybuilding Federation in 2026. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/e2d1081b-58f3-4853-861c-67ccb9b2915c) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ufqBZaDgwr8
- **2026-06-28**, Louis Cyr - The Strongest Man In Recorded History. Biographical account of Louis Cyr, born 1863 in Saint Cyprien de Napierville, Quebec, who became the best known North American strongman of the 1890s before dying of chronic nephritis in 1912 at 49. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/a1014acd-87f3-48ed-a57b-667429fab978) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WvGAb1Os4Eg
- **2026-07-03**, The Hidden Legend Who Trained Eugen Sandow \| Professor Louis Attila \| Prachin Shaktivardhak Yog. An Indian club-training channel's account of Ludvig Durlacher, Professor Attila, who trained Sandow. The perspective is worth noting: Indian club swinging was exported into British and American physical culture in the nineteenth century, a transmission that ran into the West rather than out of it. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/6672da9f-8696-4dab-8825-ae9ef5a13520) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=l-DY_OUCXp8
- **2026-07-06**, The Accidental Birthplace of Modern Bodybuilding \| Gold's Gym. On how Gold's Gym became the centre of the sport more or less by accident. The modern commercial gym chain descends directly from bodybuilding, through Vic Tanny, who pioneered the mass market chain and the membership contract, and later Gold's and World. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/32ce0f8f-6490-4c0e-ae2c-1013cf4cae58) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=I-AYLE7a5OA
- **2026-07-15**, Muscle mania and the cult of masculinity - When the body becomes an obsession \| DW Documentary. Deutsche Welle on muscle obsession and ideas of masculinity, framed as a public health and cultural question. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/f897ad3e-409f-4159-a1c0-46d5af4cc678) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z0bEypacaAA
- **2026-07-22**, Lawyer & Bodybuilder Rick Collins: The Government Went To Far Criminalizing Steroids. Lawyer Rick Collins on the criminalisation of anabolic steroids in the United States. The Anabolic Steroids Control Act of 1990 placed them in Schedule III of the Controlled Substances Act, and it was opposed by both the American Medical Association and the Drug Enforcement Administration. Congress passed it anyway. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/b47ed35f-3f39-4bfa-8eae-22f9e86a8640) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zBQ3iiw2fpQ
- **2026-07-31**, 50 years of Bodybuilding legacy! (1976-2026). Fifty years of the Columbus bodybuilding events, from the Arnold Sports Festival's own channel. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/f899e4f3-d886-46b9-a87b-afcc77a0626f) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HNSkkrb9vXg
- **2026-08-08**, Milo Steinborn - The Strongest Squatter Ever. On Milo Steinborn, the German-born lifter who arrived in America in 1921 and became known for very heavy full-depth squats performed before squat racks existed, which required tipping the loaded bar upright and getting under it. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/917602dc-5db2-45b7-b7b1-fa7f38c73f4f) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Do65KK31fxQ
- **2026-08-10**, Two Brothers Owned Every Gym, Magazine and Protein Tub in America. Then It Fell Apart.. On how the Weider brothers came to own the magazines, the supplements and the federation, and how that position was lost. Joe died in 2013 and Ben in 2008. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/bb0d90d7-09e4-4132-9a01-a95df9c48adc) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D0DFHMM_th0
- **2026-08-16**, Sumo Wrestlers in London \| ARTE.tv Documentary. ARTE on a sumo tournament staged in London, and what travels and what does not when the sport leaves Japan. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/218e3c15-b9b3-4e45-8cde-cefce090b571) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WRh2pzSBmYs
- **2026-08-16**, विदेशी पहलवान काशी में सीख रहे देसी दांव-पेंच, अखाड़े की मिट्टी से जुड़ा दिल.... Foreign wrestlers training in the akharas of Varanasi. The traffic now runs both ways, which is the same direction of transmission that carried Indian club swinging into British and American military training in the nineteenth century. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/47f2868f-2a4a-4f93-92a7-41a6479202a7) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YZwx07H0wpc
- **2026-08-17**, Story Time Arnold / Golds Gym /World Gym /Venice Beach /Celebrities / 30 years ago /muscle Beach. A long recollection of Venice Beach, Gold's Gym and World Gym from thirty years earlier, told by someone who was there. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/622f336e-9b83-423d-a7dd-e9c9b6c7cc1e) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0RuxfdtH0ow
- **2026-08-29**, Traditional Wrestling: बैतूल का ऐतिहासिक अखाड़ा, 144 साल से कायम है दंगल की परंपरा \| Original \| MPCG. Zee on a historic akhara at Betul in Madhya Pradesh that has run for 144 years. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/bf3223b5-f76c-46d6-83c0-b706338805a9) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EDcY4VuTIeM
- **2026-09-01**, When Did Humans Start Using Anabolic Steroids?. On when humans began using anabolic steroids and what preceded them. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/c829c54c-38f9-42c1-b4fc-f85969af8e44) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_li06pT-OZE
- **2026-09-02**, VÜCUT GELİŞTİRME TÜRKİYE ŞAMPİYONASINDA DOĞAL YARIŞTIM I TEŞEKKÜR KONUŞMASI. A Turkish competitor who entered the national championship in a tested natural class, speaking afterwards. [scene](https://loreline.live/loreline/bodybuilding/scene/b2ad70aa-dc6c-4137-8242-a44eaa777e3c) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DylduOvH1Jc

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1,066 moments · Attribution: Loreline (loreline.live) · Public contributions welcome.